Django REST Framework应用

一. 什么是RESTful 

• REST与技术无关，代表的是一种软件架构风格，REST是Representational State Transfer的简称，中文翻译为“表征状态转移”
• REST从资源的角度类审视整个网络，它将分布在网络中某个节点的资源通过URL进行标识，客户端应用通过URL来获取资源的表征，获得这些表征致使这些应用转变状态
• 所有的数据，不过是通过网络获取的还是操作（增删改查）的数据，都是资源，将一切数据视为资源是REST区别与其他架构风格的最本质属性
• 对于REST这种面向资源的架构风格，有人提出一种全新的结构理念，即：面向资源架构（ROA：Resource Oriented Architecture）

二.简单示例

Django REST Framework框架是一个功能强大且灵活的工具包，用于构建Web API。让我们看一个使用REST框架构建一个简单的模型支持的API的快速示例。
我们将创建一个读写API，用于访问项目用户的信息。

①Installation/安装

pip install djangorestframework
pip install markdown # Markdown support for the browsable API.
pip install django-filter # Filtering support

...or clone the project from github.

git clone https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework

Add 'rest_framework' to your INSTALLED_APPS setting.

INSTALLED_APPS = (
       ...
      'rest_framework',
)

如果您打算使用可浏览的API，您可能还需要添加REST框架的登录和注销视图。 将以下内容添加到根urls.py文件中。

urlpatterns = [
      ...
      url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls'))
]

②REST框架API的任何全局设置都保存在名为REST_FRAMEWORK的单个配置字典中。 首先将以下内容添加到settings.py模块：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...  # Make sure to include the default installed apps here.
    'rest_framework',
)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
    # or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
    ]
}

Don't forget to make sure you've also added rest_framework to your INSTALLED_APPS.
We're ready to create our API now. Here's our project's root urls.py module:

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets


# Serializers define the API representation.
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'is_staff')

# ViewSets define the view behavior.
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer


# Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]

ps:与后台进行交互

def api_test(request):
    data = json.loads(request.POST.get('data'))
    print(data)

    serializer_obj = rest_serializer.UserSerializer(data=data)
    if serializer_obj.is_valid():
        serializer_obj.save()
        serializer_obj

    return render(request,"crm/api-test.html",locals())

Here you go!　　

You can now open the API in your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/, and view your new 'users' API. If you use the login control in the top right corner you'll also be able to add, create and delete users from the system.