按模版导出Excel

实现效果:

excel模版：

ExcelHandle.java

package com.common.utils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

/**
 * 对excel进行操作工具类
 **/
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public class ExcelHandle {

    private Map<String,HashMap[]> tempFileMap  = new HashMap<String,HashMap[]>();
    private Map<String,Map<String,Cell>> cellMap = new HashMap<String,Map<String,Cell>>();
    private Map<String,FileInputStream> tempStream = new HashMap<String, FileInputStream>();
    private Map<String,XSSFWorkbook> tempWorkbook = new HashMap<String, XSSFWorkbook>();
    private Map<String,XSSFWorkbook> dataWorkbook = new HashMap<String, XSSFWorkbook>();
    
    /**
     * 单无格类
     */
    class Cell{
        private int column;//列
        private int line;//行
        private CellStyle cellStyle;

        public int getColumn() {
            return column;
        }
        public void setColumn(int column) {
            this.column = column;
        }
        public int getLine() {
            return line;
        }
        public void setLine(int line) {
            this.line = line;
        }
        public CellStyle getCellStyle() {
            return cellStyle;
        }
        public void setCellStyle(CellStyle cellStyle) {
            this.cellStyle = cellStyle;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 向Excel中输入相同title的多条数据
     * @param tempFilePath excel模板文件路径
     * @param cellList 需要填充的数据（模板<!%后的字符串）
     * @param dataList 填充的数据
     * @param sheet 填充的excel sheet,从0开始
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    public void writeListData(String tempFilePath,List<String> cellList,List<Map<String,Object>> dataList,int sheet) throws IOException{
        //获取模板填充格式位置等数据
        HashMap temp = getTemp(tempFilePath,sheet);
        //按模板为写入板
        XSSFWorkbook temWorkbook = getTempWorkbook(tempFilePath);
        //获取数据填充开始行
        int startCell = Integer.parseInt((String)temp.get("STARTCELL"));
        //数据填充的sheet
        XSSFSheet wsheet = temWorkbook.getSheetAt(sheet);
        //移除模板开始行数据即<!%
        wsheet.removeRow(wsheet.getRow(startCell));
        if(dataList!=null&&dataList.size()>0){
            for(Map<String,Object> map:dataList){
                for(String cell:cellList){
                    //获取对应单元格数据
                    Cell c = getCell(cell,temp,temWorkbook,tempFilePath);
                    //写入数据
                    ExcelUtil.setValue(wsheet, startCell, c.getColumn(), map.get(cell), c.getCellStyle());
                }
                startCell++;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 按模板向Excel中相应地方填充数据
     * @param tempFilePath excel模板文件路径
     * @param cellList 需要填充的数据（模板<%后的字符串）
     * @param dataMap 填充的数据
     * @param sheet 填充的excel sheet,从0开始
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    public void writeData(String tempFilePath,List<String> cellList,Map<String,Object> dataMap,int sheet) throws IOException{
        //获取模板填充格式位置等数据
        HashMap tem = getTemp(tempFilePath,sheet);
        //按模板为写入板
        XSSFWorkbook wbModule = getTempWorkbook(tempFilePath);
        //数据填充的sheet
        XSSFSheet wsheet = wbModule.getSheetAt(sheet);
        if(dataMap!=null&&dataMap.size()>0){
            for(String cell:cellList){
                //获取对应单元格数据
                Cell c = getCell(cell,tem,wbModule,tempFilePath);
                ExcelUtil.setValue(wsheet, c.getLine(), c.getColumn(), dataMap.get(cell), c.getCellStyle());
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Excel文件读值
     * @param tempFilePath
     * @param cell
     * @param sheet
     * @return
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    public Object getValue(String tempFilePath,String cell,int sheet,File excelFile) throws IOException{
        //获取模板填充格式位置等数据
        HashMap tem = getTemp(tempFilePath,sheet);
        //模板工作区
        XSSFWorkbook temWorkbook = getTempWorkbook(tempFilePath);
        //数据工作区
        XSSFWorkbook dataWorkbook = getDataWorkbook(tempFilePath, excelFile);
        //获取对应单元格数据
        Cell c = getCell(cell,tem,temWorkbook,tempFilePath);
        //数据sheet
        XSSFSheet dataSheet = dataWorkbook.getSheetAt(sheet);
        return ExcelUtil.getCellValue(dataSheet, c.getLine(), c.getColumn());
    }
    
    /**
     * 读值列表值
     * @param tempFilePath
     * @param cell
     * @param sheet
     * @return
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    public List<Map<String,Object>> getListValue(String tempFilePath,List<String> cellList,int sheet,File excelFile) throws IOException{
        List<Map<String,Object>> dataList = new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
        //获取模板填充格式位置等数据
        HashMap tem = getTemp(tempFilePath,sheet);
        //获取数据填充开始行
        int startCell = Integer.parseInt((String)tem.get("STARTCELL"));
        //将Excel文件转换为工作区间
        XSSFWorkbook dataWorkbook = getDataWorkbook(tempFilePath,excelFile) ;
        //数据sheet
        XSSFSheet dataSheet = dataWorkbook.getSheetAt(sheet);
        //文件最后一行
        int lastLine = dataSheet.getLastRowNum();
        
        for(int i=startCell;i<=lastLine;i++){
            dataList.add(getListLineValue(i, tempFilePath, cellList, sheet, excelFile));
        }
        return dataList;
    }
    
    /**
     * 读值一行列表值
     * @param tempFilePath
     * @param cell
     * @param sheet
     * @return
     * @throws IOException 
     */
    public Map<String,Object> getListLineValue(int line,String tempFilePath,List<String> cellList,int sheet,File excelFile) throws IOException{
        Map<String,Object> lineMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        //获取模板填充格式位置等数据
        HashMap tem = getTemp(tempFilePath,sheet);
        //按模板为写入板
        XSSFWorkbook temWorkbook = getTempWorkbook(tempFilePath);
        //将Excel文件转换为工作区间
        XSSFWorkbook dataWorkbook = getDataWorkbook(tempFilePath,excelFile) ;
        //数据sheet
        XSSFSheet dataSheet = dataWorkbook.getSheetAt(sheet);
        for(String cell:cellList){
            //获取对应单元格数据
            Cell c = getCell(cell,tem,temWorkbook,tempFilePath);
            lineMap.put(cell, ExcelUtil.getCellValue(dataSheet, line, c.getColumn()));
        }
        return lineMap;
    }
    
    

    /**
     * 获得模板输入流
     * @param tempFilePath 
     * @return
     * @throws FileNotFoundException 
     */
    private FileInputStream getFileInputStream(String tempFilePath) throws FileNotFoundException {
        if(!tempStream.containsKey(tempFilePath)){
            tempStream.put(tempFilePath, new FileInputStream(tempFilePath));
        }
        
        return tempStream.get(tempFilePath);
    }

    /**
     * 获得输入工作区
     * @param tempFilePath
     * @return
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws FileNotFoundException 
     */
    private XSSFWorkbook getTempWorkbook(String tempFilePath) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        if(!tempWorkbook.containsKey(tempFilePath)){
            tempWorkbook.put(tempFilePath, new XSSFWorkbook(getFileInputStream(tempFilePath)));
        }
        return tempWorkbook.get(tempFilePath);
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取对应单元格样式等数据数据
     * @param cell
     * @param tem
     * @param wbModule 
     * @param tempFilePath
     * @return
     */
    private Cell getCell(String cell, HashMap tem, XSSFWorkbook wbModule, String tempFilePath) {
        if(!cellMap.get(tempFilePath).containsKey(cell)){
            Cell c = new Cell();
            
            int[] pos = ExcelUtil.getPos(tem, cell);
            if(pos.length>1){
                c.setLine(pos[1]);
            }
            c.setColumn(pos[0]);
            c.setCellStyle((ExcelUtil.getStyle(tem, cell, wbModule)));
            cellMap.get(tempFilePath).put(cell, c);
        }
        return cellMap.get(tempFilePath).get(cell);
    }

    /**
     * 获取模板数据
     * @param tempFilePath 模板文件路径
     * @param sheet 
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private HashMap getTemp(String tempFilePath, int sheet) throws IOException {
        if(!tempFileMap.containsKey(tempFilePath)){
            tempFileMap.put(tempFilePath, ExcelUtil.getTemplateFile(tempFilePath));
            cellMap.put(tempFilePath, new HashMap<String,Cell>());
        }
        return tempFileMap.get(tempFilePath)[sheet];
    }
    
    /**
     * 资源关闭
     * @param tempFilePath 模板文件路径
     * @param os 输出流
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws FileNotFoundException 
     */
    public void writeAndClose(String tempFilePath,OutputStream os) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException{
        if(getTempWorkbook(tempFilePath)!=null){
            getTempWorkbook(tempFilePath).write(os);
            tempWorkbook.remove(tempFilePath);
        }
        if(getFileInputStream(tempFilePath)!=null){
            getFileInputStream(tempFilePath).close();
            tempStream.remove(tempFilePath);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 获得读取数据工作间
     * @param tempFilePath
     * @param excelFile
     * @return
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws FileNotFoundException 
     */
    private XSSFWorkbook getDataWorkbook(String tempFilePath, File excelFile) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        if(!dataWorkbook.containsKey(tempFilePath)){
            dataWorkbook.put(tempFilePath, new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(excelFile)));
        }
        return dataWorkbook.get(tempFilePath);
    }
    
    /**
     * 读取数据后关闭
     * @param tempFilePath
     */
    public void readClose(String tempFilePath){
        dataWorkbook.remove(tempFilePath);
    }
    
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException{
        String tempFilePath = ExcelHandle.class.getResource("test.xlsx").getPath();
        List<String> dataListCell = new ArrayList<String>();
        dataListCell.add("names");
        dataListCell.add("ages");
        dataListCell.add("sexs");
        dataListCell.add("deses");
        List<Map<String,Object>> dataList = new  ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("names", "names");
        map.put("ages", 22);
        map.put("sexs", "男");
        map.put("deses", "测试");
        dataList.add(map);
        Map<String,Object> map1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map1.put("names", "names1");
        map1.put("ages", 23);
        map1.put("sexs", "男");
        map1.put("deses", "测试1");
        dataList.add(map1);
        Map<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map2.put("names", "names2");
        map2.put("ages", 24);
        map2.put("sexs", "女");
        map2.put("deses", "测试2");
        dataList.add(map2);
        Map<String,Object> map3 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map3.put("names", "names3");
        map3.put("ages", 25);
        map3.put("sexs", "男");
        map3.put("deses", "测试3");
        dataList.add(map3);
        
        ExcelHandle handle = new  ExcelHandle();
        handle.writeListData(tempFilePath, dataListCell, dataList, 0);
        
        List<String> dataCell = new ArrayList<String>();
        dataCell.add("name");
        dataCell.add("age");
        dataCell.add("sex");
        dataCell.add("des");
        Map<String,Object> dataMap = new  HashMap<String, Object>();
        dataMap.put("name", "name");
        dataMap.put("age", 11);
        dataMap.put("sex", "女");
        dataMap.put("des", "测试");
        
        handle.writeData(tempFilePath, dataCell, dataMap, 0);
        
        File file = new File("d:/data.xlsx");
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
        //写到输出流并关闭资源
        handle.writeAndClose(tempFilePath, os);
        
        os.flush();
        os.close();
        
        System.out.println("读取写入的数据----------------------------------%%%");
        System.out.println("name:"+handle.getValue(tempFilePath, "name", 0, file));
        System.out.println("age:"+handle.getValue(tempFilePath, "age", 0, file));
        System.out.println("sex:"+handle.getValue(tempFilePath, "sex", 0, file));
        System.out.println("des:"+handle.getValue(tempFilePath, "des", 0, file));
        System.out.println("读取写入的列表数据----------------------------------%%%");
        List<Map<String,Object>> list = handle.getListValue(tempFilePath, dataListCell, 0, file);
        for(Map<String,Object> data:list){
            for(String key:data.keySet()){
                System.out.print(key+":"+data.get(key)+"--");
            }
            System.out.println("");
        }
        
        handle.readClose(tempFilePath);
    }
    
}

ExcelUtil.java

package com.common.utils;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;

@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) 
public class ExcelUtil {
    /************************************XSSF*********************************************/
    
    /**
     * 取得指定单元格行和列
     * @param keyMap 所有单元格行、列集合
     * @param key 单元格标识
     * @return 0：列 1：行（列表型数据不记行，即1无值）
     */
    public static int[] getPos(HashMap keyMap, String key){
        int[] ret = new int[0];
         
        String val = (String)keyMap.get(key);
         
        if(val == null || val.length() == 0)
            return ret;
         
        String pos[] = val.split(",");
         
        if(pos.length == 1 || pos.length == 2){
            ret = new int[pos.length];
            for(int i0 = 0; i0 < pos.length; i0++){
                if(pos[i0] != null && pos[i0].trim().length() > 0){
                    ret[i0] = Integer.parseInt(pos[i0].trim());
                } else {
                    ret[i0] = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
     
    /**
     * 取对应格子的值
     * @param sheet
     * @param rowNo 行
     * @param cellNo 列
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String getCellValue(XSSFSheet sheet,int rowNo,int cellNo) {
        String cellValue = null;
        XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(rowNo);
        XSSFCell cell = row.getCell(cellNo);
        if (cell != null) {
            if (cell.getCellType() == XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
                cellValue = getCutDotStr(Double.toString(cell.getNumericCellValue()));
            } else if (cell.getCellType() == XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING) {
                cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
            }
            if (cellValue != null) {
                cellValue = cellValue.trim();
            }           
        } else {
            cellValue = null;
        }
        return cellValue;
    }
      
    /**
     * 取整数
     * @param srcString
     * @return
     */
    private static String getCutDotStr(String srcString) {
        String newString = "";
        if (srcString != null && srcString.endsWith(".0")) {
            newString = srcString.substring(0,srcString.length()-2);
        } else {
            newString = srcString;
        }
        return newString;
    }   
     
    /**
     * 读数据模板
     * @param 模板地址
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static HashMap[] getTemplateFile(String templateFileName) throws IOException {    
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(templateFileName);
        XSSFWorkbook wbPartModule = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);
        int numOfSheet = wbPartModule.getNumberOfSheets();
        HashMap[] templateMap = new HashMap[numOfSheet];
        for(int i = 0; i < numOfSheet; i++){
            XSSFSheet sheet = wbPartModule.getSheetAt(i);
            templateMap[i] = new HashMap();
            readSheet(templateMap[i], sheet);
        }
        fis.close();
        return templateMap;
    }
     
    /**
     * 读模板数据的样式值置等信息
     * @param keyMap
     * @param sheet
     */
    private static void readSheet(HashMap keyMap, XSSFSheet sheet){
        int firstRowNum = sheet.getFirstRowNum();
        int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
         
        for (int j = firstRowNum; j <= lastRowNum; j++) {
            XSSFRow rowIn = sheet.getRow(j);
            if(rowIn == null) {
                continue;
            }
            int firstCellNum = rowIn.getFirstCellNum();
            int lastCellNum = rowIn.getLastCellNum();
            for (int k = firstCellNum; k <= lastCellNum; k++) {
//              XSSFCell cellIn = rowIn.getCell((short) k);
                XSSFCell cellIn = rowIn.getCell(k);
                if(cellIn == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                 
                int cellType = cellIn.getCellType();
                if(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING != cellType) {
                    continue;
                }
                String cellValue = cellIn.getStringCellValue();
                if(cellValue == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                cellValue = cellValue.trim();
                if(cellValue.length() > 2 && cellValue.substring(0,2).equals("<%")) {
                    String key = cellValue.substring(2, cellValue.length());
                    String keyPos = Integer.toString(k)+","+Integer.toString(j);
                    keyMap.put(key, keyPos);
                    keyMap.put(key+"CellStyle", cellIn.getCellStyle());
                } else if(cellValue.length() > 3 && cellValue.substring(0,3).equals("<!%")) {
                    String key = cellValue.substring(3, cellValue.length());
                    keyMap.put("STARTCELL", Integer.toString(j));
                    keyMap.put(key, Integer.toString(k));
                    keyMap.put(key+"CellStyle", cellIn.getCellStyle());
                }
            }
        }
    }
     
    /**
     * 获取格式，不适于循环方法中使用，wb.createCellStyle()次数超过4000将抛异常
     * @param keyMap
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public static CellStyle getStyle(HashMap keyMap, String key,XSSFWorkbook wb) {
        CellStyle cellStyle = null;      
         
        cellStyle = (CellStyle) keyMap.get(key+"CellStyle");
        //当字符超出时换行
        cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
        CellStyle newStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
        newStyle.cloneStyleFrom(cellStyle);
        return newStyle;
    }
    /**
     * Excel单元格输出
     * @param sheet
     * @param row 行
     * @param cell 列
     * @param value 值
     * @param cellStyle 样式
     */
    public static void setValue(XSSFSheet sheet, int row, int cell, Object value, CellStyle cellStyle){
        XSSFRow rowIn = sheet.getRow(row);
        if(rowIn == null) {
            rowIn = sheet.createRow(row);
        }
        XSSFCell cellIn = rowIn.getCell(cell);
        if(cellIn == null) {
            cellIn = rowIn.createCell(cell);
        }
        if(cellStyle != null) {  
            //修复产生多超过4000 cellStyle 异常
            //CellStyle newStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
            //newStyle.cloneStyleFrom(cellStyle);
            cellIn.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
        }
        //对时间格式进行单独处理
        if(value==null){
            cellIn.setCellValue("");
        }else{
            if (isCellDateFormatted(cellStyle)) {
                cellIn.setCellValue((Date) value);
            } else {
                cellIn.setCellValue(new XSSFRichTextString(value.toString()));
            }
        }
    }
     
    /**
     * 根据表格样式判断是否为日期格式
     * @param cellStyle
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isCellDateFormatted(CellStyle cellStyle){
        if(cellStyle==null){
            return false;
        }
        int i = cellStyle.getDataFormat();
        String f = cellStyle.getDataFormatString();
        
        return org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil.isADateFormat(i, f);
    }
    /**
     * 适用于导出的数据Excel格式样式重复性较少
     * 不适用于循环方法中使用
     * @param wbModule
     * @param sheet
     * @param pos 模板文件信息
     * @param startCell 开始的行
     * @param value 要填充的数据
     * @param cellStyle 表格样式
     */
    public static void createCell(XSSFWorkbook wbModule, XSSFSheet sheet,HashMap pos, int startCell,Object value,String cellStyle){
        int[] excelPos = getPos(pos, cellStyle);
        setValue(sheet, startCell, excelPos[0], value, getStyle(pos, cellStyle,wbModule));
    }
    /************************************XSSF*******************************************/
}