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  • 爬虫6：pyquery库

     
    强大又灵活的网页解析库，如果觉得正则写起来太麻烦，BeautifulSoup语法太难记，而你又熟悉jQuery的语法，那么用PyQuery就是最佳选择
     
     

    一. 初始化

    1. 字符串初始化

    html = '''
<div>
    <ul>
        <li class="item-0">first item</li>
        <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
        <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
        <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
        <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
    </ul>
</div>
'''
 
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
print(doc('li'))
    输出结果：
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     

    2. URL初始化，就是提取URL的源码

    from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com')
print(doc('head'))
     
    输出结果：
    <head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/><meta content="always" name="referrer"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css"/><title>ç¾åº¦ä¸ä¸ï¼ä½ å°±ç¥é</title></head>

     

    3. 文件初始化，提取文件中的源码

    from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(filename='demo.html') //读取文本文件
print(doc('li'))
    输出结果
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     

     

    二. 基本CSS选择器

     
    html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
print(doc('#container .list li'))  //后续的选择器不需要一定是父子关系
    输出结果
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     

    1. 查找元素

     

    1.1 子元素

    使用find方法来查找子元素，比较常用
    html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
print(type(items))
print(items)
lis = items.find('li')
print(type(lis))
print(lis)
     输出结果：
    <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
 
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     
     
    使用children查找直接子元素
    lis = items.children()
print(type(lis))
print(lis)

    输出结果：

    <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     
     
    在children中加入参数后，会进一步精细查找，相当于层级查找
     
    lis = items.children('.active')
print(lis)
    //输出信息
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

     

    1.2 父元素

    1.2.1：使用parent来查找父元素
    html = '''
<div id="container">
    <ul class="list">
         <li class="item-0">first item</li>
         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     </ul>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
container = items.parent()
print(type(container))
print(container)
     输出结果
    <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
            <li class="item-0">first item</li>
            <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
            <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
            <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
            <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
    </div>
     
     
    1.2.2：使用parents查找所有祖先节点
     
    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
parents = items.parents()
print(type(parents))
print(parents)
    输出信息
    <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div><div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
     
     
    1.2.3：parents加上参数精细查找
     
    parent = items.parents('.wrap')
print(parent)
    输出结果：
    <div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>

    1.3 兄弟元素

    1.3.1：注意：item-0.active之间没有空格，而是用"."，表示与的关系   
    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings())
    输出结果
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
     
     
    1.3.2：在兄弟元素中加上参数进一步筛选
    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings('.active'))

    输出：

    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

     

    2. 遍历

    2.1 单个元素

    2.1.1：基本用法

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
    输出：
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
     
     
    2.1.2：遍历使用items方法
    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
lis = doc('li').items()  #加上items()可以输出网页内容，否则只会输出类似<Element li at 0x7f032b4d8248>的元素
print(type(lis))
for li in lis:
    print(li)
    输出信息
    <class 'generator'>
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     

     

    3. 获取信息

    3.1 获取属性，使用attr()方法

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
a = doc('.item-0.active a') #不需要按层级查找，这里就不需要写div，ul标签
print(a)
print(a.attr('href')) #方法1
print(a.attr.href)   #方法2
    输出：
    <a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
    link3.html
    link3.html

     

    3.2 获取文本

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
a = doc('.item-0.active a')
print(a)
print(a.text())
    输出信息：
    <a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
    third item

     

    3.3 获取HTML内容，这里就是获取<a>标签中的内容，如果有多个a标签，只会获得第一个a标签内容

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
print(li.html())

    输出结果：

    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>

     

    4. DOM操作

    4.1 addClass、removeClass

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
li.removeClass('active')
print(li)
li.addClass('active')
print(li)
     
    输出结果：
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

     

    4.2 attr、css

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
li.attr('name', 'link')  #若原先不存在name属性，那么会新增name=link，如果原先有name属性，则会修改为新值
print(li)
li.css('font-size', '14px') #新增一个style属性
print(li)
    输出结果：
    <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
    <li class="item-0 active" name="link" style="font-size: 14px"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

     

    4.3 remove

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    Hello, World
    <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
wrap = doc('.wrap')
print(wrap.text())
wrap.find('p').remove()  #移出p标签
print(wrap.text())
    输出信息：
    Hello, World This is a paragraph.
    Hello, World
     

    其他DOM方法

     

     

    伪类选择器

    html = '''
<div class="wrap">
    <div id="container">
        <ul class="list">
             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
         </ul>
     </div>
 </div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('li:first-child') #获取第一个li标签
print(li)
li = doc('li:last-child')
print(li)
li = doc('li:nth-child(2)') #获取第2个li标签
print(li)
li = doc('li:gt(2)') #大于2的li标签
print(li)
li = doc('li:nth-child(2n)') #偶数的li标签
print(li)
li = doc('li:contains(second)') #包含second文本的li标签
print(li)
    输出信息：
    <li class="item-0">first item</li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
    <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
    <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
     
    更多CSS选择器可以查看 http://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp

     

    官方文档

     
     
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/regit/p/9243728.html
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