在上文FFmpeg 结构体学习(四)： AVFrame 分析我们学习了AVFrame结构体的相关内容。本文，我们将讲述一下AVCodec。
AVCodec是存储编解码器信息的结构体。下面我们来分析一下该结构体里重要变量的含义和作用。
一、源码整理
首先我们先看一下结构体AVCodec的定义的结构体源码(位于libavcodec/avcodec.h)：
/* 雷霄骅 * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术 * leixiaohua1020@126.com * */ /** * AVCodec. */ typedef struct AVCodec { /** * Name of the codec implementation. * The name is globally unique among encoders and among decoders (but an * encoder and a decoder can share the same name). * This is the primary way to find a codec from the user perspective. */ const char *name; /** * Descriptive name for the codec, meant to be more human readable than name. * You should use the NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL() macro to define it. */ const char *long_name; enum AVMediaType type; enum CodecID id; /** * Codec capabilities. * see CODEC_CAP_* */ int capabilities; const AVRational *supported_framerates; ///< array of supported framerates, or NULL if any, array is terminated by {0,0} const enum PixelFormat *pix_fmts; ///< array of supported pixel formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1 const int *supported_samplerates; ///< array of supported audio samplerates, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by 0 const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; ///< array of supported sample formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1 const uint64_t *channel_layouts; ///< array of support channel layouts, or NULL if unknown. array is terminated by 0 uint8_t max_lowres; ///< maximum value for lowres supported by the decoder const AVClass *priv_class; ///< AVClass for the private context const AVProfile *profiles; ///< array of recognized profiles, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by {FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN} /***************************************************************** * No fields below this line are part of the public API. They * may not be used outside of libavcodec and can be changed and * removed at will. * New public fields should be added right above. ***************************************************************** */ int priv_data_size; struct AVCodec *next; /** * @name Frame-level threading support functions * @{ */ /** * If defined, called on thread contexts when they are created. * If the codec allocates writable tables in init(), re-allocate them here. * priv_data will be set to a copy of the original. */ int (*init_thread_copy)(AVCodecContext *); /** * Copy necessary context variables from a previous thread context to the current one. * If not defined, the next thread will start automatically; otherwise, the codec * must call ff_thread_finish_setup(). * * dst and src will (rarely) point to the same context, in which case memcpy should be skipped. */ int (*update_thread_context)(AVCodecContext *dst, const AVCodecContext *src); /** @} */ /** * Private codec-specific defaults. */ const AVCodecDefault *defaults; /** * Initialize codec static data, called from avcodec_register(). */ void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec); int (*init)(AVCodecContext *); int (*encode)(AVCodecContext *, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, void *data); /** * Encode data to an AVPacket. * * @param avctx codec context * @param avpkt output AVPacket (may contain a user-provided buffer) * @param[in] frame AVFrame containing the raw data to be encoded * @param[out] got_packet_ptr encoder sets to 0 or 1 to indicate that a * non-empty packet was returned in avpkt. * @return 0 on success, negative error code on failure */ int (*encode2)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, const AVFrame *frame, int *got_packet_ptr); int (*decode)(AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, AVPacket *avpkt); int (*close)(AVCodecContext *); /** * Flush buffers. * Will be called when seeking */ void (*flush)(AVCodecContext *); } AVCodec;
二、AVCodec 重点字段
下面说一下最主要的几个变量：
const char *name：编解码器的名字，比较短 const char *long_name：编解码器的名字，全称，比较长 enum AVMediaType type：指明了类型，是视频，音频，还是字幕 enum AVCodecID id：ID，不重复 const AVRational *supported_framerates：支持的帧率（仅视频） const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts：支持的像素格式（仅视频） const int *supported_samplerates：支持的采样率（仅音频） const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts：支持的采样格式（仅音频） const uint64_t *channel_layouts：支持的声道数（仅音频） int priv_data_size：私有数据的大小
详细介绍几个变量：
1.enum AVMediaType type
AVMediaType定义如下：
enum AVMediaType { AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1, ///< Usually treated as AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO, AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA, ///< Opaque data information usually continuous AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE, AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT, ///< Opaque data information usually sparse AVMEDIA_TYPE_NB };
2.enum AVCodecID id
AVCodecID定义如下：
enum AVCodecID { AV_CODEC_ID_NONE, /* video codecs */ AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO, ///< preferred ID for MPEG-1/2 video decoding AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO_XVMC, AV_CODEC_ID_H261, AV_CODEC_ID_H263, AV_CODEC_ID_RV10, AV_CODEC_ID_RV20, AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG, AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEGB, AV_CODEC_ID_LJPEG, AV_CODEC_ID_SP5X, AV_CODEC_ID_JPEGLS, AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4, AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V1, AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V2, AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V3, AV_CODEC_ID_WMV1, AV_CODEC_ID_WMV2, AV_CODEC_ID_H263P, AV_CODEC_ID_H263I, AV_CODEC_ID_FLV1, AV_CODEC_ID_SVQ1, AV_CODEC_ID_SVQ3, AV_CODEC_ID_DVVIDEO, AV_CODEC_ID_HUFFYUV, AV_CODEC_ID_CYUV, AV_CODEC_ID_H264, ... }
3.const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts
AVPixelFormat定义如下：
enum AVPixelFormat { AV_PIX_FMT_NONE = -1, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples) AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422, ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Y0 Cb Y1 Cr AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24, ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, RGBRGB... AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, BGRBGR... AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples) AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples) AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P, ///< planar YUV 4:1:0, 9bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x4 Y samples) AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P, ///< planar YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x1 Y samples) AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8, ///< Y , 8bpp AV_PIX_FMT_MONOWHITE, ///< Y , 1bpp, 0 is white, 1 is black, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb AV_PIX_FMT_MONOBLACK, ///< Y , 1bpp, 0 is black, 1 is white, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb AV_PIX_FMT_PAL8, ///< 8 bit with PIX_FMT_RGB32 palette AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV420P and setting color_range AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ422P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV422P and setting color_range AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ444P, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV444P and setting color_range AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_MC,///< XVideo Motion Acceleration via common packet passing AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_IDCT, ...（代码太长，略） }
4.const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts
enum AVSampleFormat { AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE = -1, AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8, ///< unsigned 8 bits AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, ///< signed 16 bits AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32, ///< signed 32 bits AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT, ///< float AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL, ///< double AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8P, ///< unsigned 8 bits, planar AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16P, ///< signed 16 bits, planar AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32P, ///< signed 32 bits, planar AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP, ///< float, planar AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBLP, ///< double, planar AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB ///< Number of sample formats. DO NOT USE if linking dynamically };
每一个编解码器对应一个该结构体，查看一下ffmpeg的源代码，我们可以看一下H.264解码器的结构体如下所示（h264.c）：
AVCodec ff_h264_decoder = { .name = "h264", .type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, .id = CODEC_ID_H264, .priv_data_size = sizeof(H264Context), .init = ff_h264_decode_init, .close = ff_h264_decode_end, .decode = decode_frame, .capabilities = /*CODEC_CAP_DRAW_HORIZ_BAND |*/ CODEC_CAP_DR1 | CODEC_CAP_DELAY | CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS | CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS, .flush= flush_dpb, .long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10"), .init_thread_copy = ONLY_IF_THREADS_ENABLED(decode_init_thread_copy), .update_thread_context = ONLY_IF_THREADS_ENABLED(decode_update_thread_context), .profiles = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL(profiles), .priv_class = &h264_class, };
JPEG2000解码器结构体（j2kdec.c）：
AVCodec ff_jpeg2000_decoder = { .name = "j2k", .type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, .id = CODEC_ID_JPEG2000, .priv_data_size = sizeof(J2kDecoderContext), .init = j2kdec_init, .close = decode_end, .decode = decode_frame, .capabilities = CODEC_CAP_EXPERIMENTAL, .long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("JPEG 2000"), .pix_fmts = (const enum PixelFormat[]) {PIX_FMT_GRAY8, PIX_FMT_RGB24, PIX_FMT_NONE} };
下面简单介绍一下遍历ffmpeg中的解码器信息的方法（这些解码器以一个链表的形式存储）：
1.注册所有编解码器：av_register_all();
2.声明一个AVCodec类型的指针，比如说AVCodec* first_c;
3.调用av_codec_next()函数，即可获得指向链表下一个解码器的指针，循环往复可以获得所有解码器的信息。注意，如果想要获得指向第一个解码器的指针，则需要将该函数的参数设置为NULL。