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  • FFmpeg 结构体学习(六): AVCodecContext 分析

    在上文FFmpeg 结构体学习(五): AVCodec 分析我们学习了AVCodec结构体的相关内容。本文,我们将讲述一下AVCodecContext。

    AVCodecContext是包含变量较多的结构体(感觉差不多是变量最多的结构体)。下面我们来分析一下该结构体里重要变量的含义和作用。

    一、源码整理

    首先我们先看一下结构体AVCodecContext的定义的结构体源码(位于libavcodec/avcodec.h):

    /**
     * main external API structure.
     * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
     * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
     * version bump.
     * Please use AVOptions (av_opt* / av_set/get*()) to access these fields from user
     * applications.
     * sizeof(AVCodecContext) must not be used outside libav*.
     */
    typedef struct AVCodecContext {
        /**
         * information on struct for av_log
         * - set by avcodec_alloc_context3
         */
        const AVClass *av_class;
        int log_level_offset;
     
        enum AVMediaType codec_type; /* see AVMEDIA_TYPE_xxx */
        const struct AVCodec  *codec;
        char             codec_name[32];
        enum AVCodecID     codec_id; /* see AV_CODEC_ID_xxx */
     
        /**
         * fourcc (LSB first, so "ABCD" -> ('D'<<24) + ('C'<<16) + ('B'<<8) + 'A').
         * This is used to work around some encoder bugs.
         * A demuxer should set this to what is stored in the field used to identify the codec.
         * If there are multiple such fields in a container then the demuxer should choose the one
         * which maximizes the information about the used codec.
         * If the codec tag field in a container is larger than 32 bits then the demuxer should
         * remap the longer ID to 32 bits with a table or other structure. Alternatively a new
         * extra_codec_tag + size could be added but for this a clear advantage must be demonstrated
         * first.
         * - encoding: Set by user, if not then the default based on codec_id will be used.
         * - decoding: Set by user, will be converted to uppercase by libavcodec during init.
         */
        unsigned int codec_tag;
     
        /**
         * fourcc from the AVI stream header (LSB first, so "ABCD" -> ('D'<<24) + ('C'<<16) + ('B'<<8) + 'A').
         * This is used to work around some encoder bugs.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user, will be converted to uppercase by libavcodec during init.
         */
        unsigned int stream_codec_tag;
     
    #if FF_API_SUB_ID
        /**
         * @deprecated this field is unused
         */
        attribute_deprecated int sub_id;
    #endif
     
        void *priv_data;
     
        /**
         * Private context used for internal data.
         *
         * Unlike priv_data, this is not codec-specific. It is used in general
         * libavcodec functions.
         */
        struct AVCodecInternal *internal;
     
        /**
         * Private data of the user, can be used to carry app specific stuff.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        void *opaque;
     
        /**
         * the average bitrate
         * - encoding: Set by user; unused for constant quantizer encoding.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec. 0 or some bitrate if this info is available in the stream.
         */
        int bit_rate;
     
        /**
         * number of bits the bitstream is allowed to diverge from the reference.
         *           the reference can be CBR (for CBR pass1) or VBR (for pass2)
         * - encoding: Set by user; unused for constant quantizer encoding.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int bit_rate_tolerance;
     
        /**
         * Global quality for codecs which cannot change it per frame.
         * This should be proportional to MPEG-1/2/4 qscale.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int global_quality;
     
        /**
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int compression_level;
    #define FF_COMPRESSION_DEFAULT -1
     
        /**
         * CODEC_FLAG_*.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int flags;
     
        /**
         * CODEC_FLAG2_*
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int flags2;
     
        /**
         * some codecs need / can use extradata like Huffman tables.
         * mjpeg: Huffman tables
         * rv10: additional flags
         * mpeg4: global headers (they can be in the bitstream or here)
         * The allocated memory should be FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE bytes larger
         * than extradata_size to avoid prolems if it is read with the bitstream reader.
         * The bytewise contents of extradata must not depend on the architecture or CPU endianness.
         * - encoding: Set/allocated/freed by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set/allocated/freed by user.
         */
        uint8_t *extradata;
        int extradata_size;
     
        /**
         * This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
         * of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content,
         * timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
         * identically 1.
         * - encoding: MUST be set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        AVRational time_base;
     
        /**
         * For some codecs, the time base is closer to the field rate than the frame rate.
         * Most notably, H.264 and MPEG-2 specify time_base as half of frame duration
         * if no telecine is used ...
         *
         * Set to time_base ticks per frame. Default 1, e.g., H.264/MPEG-2 set it to 2.
         */
        int ticks_per_frame;
     
        /**
         * Encoding: Number of frames delay there will be from the encoder input to
         *           the decoder output. (we assume the decoder matches the spec)
         * Decoding: Number of frames delay in addition to what a standard decoder
         *           as specified in the spec would produce.
         *
         * Video:
         *   Number of frames the decoded output will be delayed relative to the
         *   encoded input.
         *
         * Audio:
         *   For encoding, this is the number of "priming" samples added to the
         *   beginning of the stream. The decoded output will be delayed by this
         *   many samples relative to the input to the encoder. Note that this
         *   field is purely informational and does not directly affect the pts
         *   output by the encoder, which should always be based on the actual
         *   presentation time, including any delay.
         *   For decoding, this is the number of samples the decoder needs to
         *   output before the decoder's output is valid. When seeking, you should
         *   start decoding this many samples prior to your desired seek point.
         *
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        int delay;
     
     
        /* video only */
        /**
         * picture width / height.
         * - encoding: MUST be set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * Note: For compatibility it is possible to set this instead of
         * coded_width/height before decoding.
         */
        int width, height;
     
        /**
         * Bitstream width / height, may be different from width/height if lowres enabled.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user before init if known. Codec should override / dynamically change if needed.
         */
        int coded_width, coded_height;
     
    #define FF_ASPECT_EXTENDED 15
     
        /**
         * the number of pictures in a group of pictures, or 0 for intra_only
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int gop_size;
     
        /**
         * Pixel format, see AV_PIX_FMT_xxx.
         * May be set by the demuxer if known from headers.
         * May be overridden by the decoder if it knows better.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user if known, overridden by libavcodec if known
         */
        enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt;
     
        /**
         * Motion estimation algorithm used for video coding.
         * 1 (zero), 2 (full), 3 (log), 4 (phods), 5 (epzs), 6 (x1), 7 (hex),
         * 8 (umh), 9 (iter), 10 (tesa) [7, 8, 10 are x264 specific, 9 is snow specific]
         * - encoding: MUST be set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_method;
     
        /**
         * If non NULL, 'draw_horiz_band' is called by the libavcodec
         * decoder to draw a horizontal band. It improves cache usage. Not
         * all codecs can do that. You must check the codec capabilities
         * beforehand.
         * When multithreading is used, it may be called from multiple threads
         * at the same time; threads might draw different parts of the same AVFrame,
         * or multiple AVFrames, and there is no guarantee that slices will be drawn
         * in order.
         * The function is also used by hardware acceleration APIs.
         * It is called at least once during frame decoding to pass
         * the data needed for hardware render.
         * In that mode instead of pixel data, AVFrame points to
         * a structure specific to the acceleration API. The application
         * reads the structure and can change some fields to indicate progress
         * or mark state.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         * @param height the height of the slice
         * @param y the y position of the slice
         * @param type 1->top field, 2->bottom field, 3->frame
         * @param offset offset into the AVFrame.data from which the slice should be read
         */
        void (*draw_horiz_band)(struct AVCodecContext *s,
                                const AVFrame *src, int offset[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS],
                                int y, int type, int height);
     
        /**
         * callback to negotiate the pixelFormat
         * @param fmt is the list of formats which are supported by the codec,
         * it is terminated by -1 as 0 is a valid format, the formats are ordered by quality.
         * The first is always the native one.
         * @return the chosen format
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user, if not set the native format will be chosen.
         */
        enum AVPixelFormat (*get_format)(struct AVCodecContext *s, const enum AVPixelFormat * fmt);
     
        /**
         * maximum number of B-frames between non-B-frames
         * Note: The output will be delayed by max_b_frames+1 relative to the input.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int max_b_frames;
     
        /**
         * qscale factor between IP and B-frames
         * If > 0 then the last P-frame quantizer will be used (q= lastp_q*factor+offset).
         * If < 0 then normal ratecontrol will be done (q= -normal_q*factor+offset).
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float b_quant_factor;
     
        /** obsolete FIXME remove */
        int rc_strategy;
    #define FF_RC_STRATEGY_XVID 1
     
        int b_frame_strategy;
     
    #if FF_API_MPV_GLOBAL_OPTS
        /**
         * luma single coefficient elimination threshold
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        attribute_deprecated int luma_elim_threshold;
     
        /**
         * chroma single coeff elimination threshold
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        attribute_deprecated int chroma_elim_threshold;
    #endif
     
        /**
         * qscale offset between IP and B-frames
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float b_quant_offset;
     
        /**
         * Size of the frame reordering buffer in the decoder.
         * For MPEG-2 it is 1 IPB or 0 low delay IP.
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        int has_b_frames;
     
        /**
         * 0-> h263 quant 1-> mpeg quant
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mpeg_quant;
     
        /**
         * qscale factor between P and I-frames
         * If > 0 then the last p frame quantizer will be used (q= lastp_q*factor+offset).
         * If < 0 then normal ratecontrol will be done (q= -normal_q*factor+offset).
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float i_quant_factor;
     
        /**
         * qscale offset between P and I-frames
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float i_quant_offset;
     
        /**
         * luminance masking (0-> disabled)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float lumi_masking;
     
        /**
         * temporary complexity masking (0-> disabled)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float temporal_cplx_masking;
     
        /**
         * spatial complexity masking (0-> disabled)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float spatial_cplx_masking;
     
        /**
         * p block masking (0-> disabled)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float p_masking;
     
        /**
         * darkness masking (0-> disabled)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float dark_masking;
     
        /**
         * slice count
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set by user (or 0).
         */
        int slice_count;
        /**
         * prediction method (needed for huffyuv)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
         int prediction_method;
    #define FF_PRED_LEFT   0
    #define FF_PRED_PLANE  1
    #define FF_PRED_MEDIAN 2
     
        /**
         * slice offsets in the frame in bytes
         * - encoding: Set/allocated by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set/allocated by user (or NULL).
         */
        int *slice_offset;
     
        /**
         * sample aspect ratio (0 if unknown)
         * That is the width of a pixel divided by the height of the pixel.
         * Numerator and denominator must be relatively prime and smaller than 256 for some video standards.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
     
        /**
         * motion estimation comparison function
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_cmp;
        /**
         * subpixel motion estimation comparison function
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_sub_cmp;
        /**
         * macroblock comparison function (not supported yet)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mb_cmp;
        /**
         * interlaced DCT comparison function
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int ildct_cmp;
    #define FF_CMP_SAD    0
    #define FF_CMP_SSE    1
    #define FF_CMP_SATD   2
    #define FF_CMP_DCT    3
    #define FF_CMP_PSNR   4
    #define FF_CMP_BIT    5
    #define FF_CMP_RD     6
    #define FF_CMP_ZERO   7
    #define FF_CMP_VSAD   8
    #define FF_CMP_VSSE   9
    #define FF_CMP_NSSE   10
    #define FF_CMP_W53    11
    #define FF_CMP_W97    12
    #define FF_CMP_DCTMAX 13
    #define FF_CMP_DCT264 14
    #define FF_CMP_CHROMA 256
     
        /**
         * ME diamond size & shape
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int dia_size;
     
        /**
         * amount of previous MV predictors (2a+1 x 2a+1 square)
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int last_predictor_count;
     
        /**
         * prepass for motion estimation
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int pre_me;
     
        /**
         * motion estimation prepass comparison function
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_pre_cmp;
     
        /**
         * ME prepass diamond size & shape
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int pre_dia_size;
     
        /**
         * subpel ME quality
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_subpel_quality;
     
        /**
         * DTG active format information (additional aspect ratio
         * information only used in DVB MPEG-2 transport streams)
         * 0 if not set.
         *
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by decoder.
         */
        int dtg_active_format;
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_SAME         8
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_4_3          9
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_16_9         10
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_14_9         11
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_4_3_SP_14_9  13
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_16_9_SP_14_9 14
    #define FF_DTG_AFD_SP_4_3       15
     
        /**
         * maximum motion estimation search range in subpel units
         * If 0 then no limit.
         *
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_range;
     
        /**
         * intra quantizer bias
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int intra_quant_bias;
    #define FF_DEFAULT_QUANT_BIAS 999999
     
        /**
         * inter quantizer bias
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int inter_quant_bias;
     
    #if FF_API_COLOR_TABLE_ID
        /**
         * color table ID
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Which clrtable should be used for 8bit RGB images.
         *             Tables have to be stored somewhere. FIXME
         */
        attribute_deprecated int color_table_id;
    #endif
     
        /**
         * slice flags
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int slice_flags;
    #define SLICE_FLAG_CODED_ORDER    0x0001 ///< draw_horiz_band() is called in coded order instead of display
    #define SLICE_FLAG_ALLOW_FIELD    0x0002 ///< allow draw_horiz_band() with field slices (MPEG2 field pics)
    #define SLICE_FLAG_ALLOW_PLANE    0x0004 ///< allow draw_horiz_band() with 1 component at a time (SVQ1)
     
        /**
         * XVideo Motion Acceleration
         * - encoding: forbidden
         * - decoding: set by decoder
         */
        int xvmc_acceleration;
     
        /**
         * macroblock decision mode
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mb_decision;
    #define FF_MB_DECISION_SIMPLE 0        ///< uses mb_cmp
    #define FF_MB_DECISION_BITS   1        ///< chooses the one which needs the fewest bits
    #define FF_MB_DECISION_RD     2        ///< rate distortion
     
        /**
         * custom intra quantization matrix
         * - encoding: Set by user, can be NULL.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        uint16_t *intra_matrix;
     
        /**
         * custom inter quantization matrix
         * - encoding: Set by user, can be NULL.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        uint16_t *inter_matrix;
     
        /**
         * scene change detection threshold
         * 0 is default, larger means fewer detected scene changes.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int scenechange_threshold;
     
        /**
         * noise reduction strength
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int noise_reduction;
     
    #if FF_API_INTER_THRESHOLD
        /**
         * @deprecated this field is unused
         */
        attribute_deprecated int inter_threshold;
    #endif
     
    #if FF_API_MPV_GLOBAL_OPTS
        /**
         * @deprecated use mpegvideo private options instead
         */
        attribute_deprecated int quantizer_noise_shaping;
    #endif
     
        /**
         * Motion estimation threshold below which no motion estimation is
         * performed, but instead the user specified motion vectors are used.
         *
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_threshold;
     
        /**
         * Macroblock threshold below which the user specified macroblock types will be used.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mb_threshold;
     
        /**
         * precision of the intra DC coefficient - 8
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int intra_dc_precision;
     
        /**
         * Number of macroblock rows at the top which are skipped.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int skip_top;
     
        /**
         * Number of macroblock rows at the bottom which are skipped.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int skip_bottom;
     
        /**
         * Border processing masking, raises the quantizer for mbs on the borders
         * of the picture.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float border_masking;
     
        /**
         * minimum MB lagrange multipler
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mb_lmin;
     
        /**
         * maximum MB lagrange multipler
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mb_lmax;
     
        /**
         *
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int me_penalty_compensation;
     
        /**
         *
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int bidir_refine;
     
        /**
         *
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int brd_scale;
     
        /**
         * minimum GOP size
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int keyint_min;
     
        /**
         * number of reference frames
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by lavc.
         */
        int refs;
     
        /**
         * chroma qp offset from luma
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int chromaoffset;
     
        /**
         * Multiplied by qscale for each frame and added to scene_change_score.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int scenechange_factor;
     
        /**
         *
         * Note: Value depends upon the compare function used for fullpel ME.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int mv0_threshold;
     
        /**
         * Adjust sensitivity of b_frame_strategy 1.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int b_sensitivity;
     
        /**
         * Chromaticity coordinates of the source primaries.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
         */
        enum AVColorPrimaries color_primaries;
     
        /**
         * Color Transfer Characteristic.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
         */
        enum AVColorTransferCharacteristic color_trc;
     
        /**
         * YUV colorspace type.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
         */
        enum AVColorSpace colorspace;
     
        /**
         * MPEG vs JPEG YUV range.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
         */
        enum AVColorRange color_range;
     
        /**
         * This defines the location of chroma samples.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
         */
        enum AVChromaLocation chroma_sample_location;
     
        /**
         * Number of slices.
         * Indicates number of picture subdivisions. Used for parallelized
         * decoding.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int slices;
     
        /** Field order
         * - encoding: set by libavcodec
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        enum AVFieldOrder field_order;
     
        /* audio only */
        int sample_rate; ///< samples per second
        int channels;    ///< number of audio channels
     
        /**
         * audio sample format
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt;  ///< sample format
     
        /* The following data should not be initialized. */
        /**
         * Samples per packet, initialized when calling 'init'.
         */
        int frame_size;
     
        /**
         * Frame counter, set by libavcodec.
         *
         * - decoding: total number of frames returned from the decoder so far.
         * - encoding: total number of frames passed to the encoder so far.
         *
         *   @note the counter is not incremented if encoding/decoding resulted in
         *   an error.
         */
        int frame_number;
     
        /**
         * number of bytes per packet if constant and known or 0
         * Used by some WAV based audio codecs.
         */
        int block_align;
     
        /**
         * Audio cutoff bandwidth (0 means "automatic")
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int cutoff;
     
    #if FF_API_REQUEST_CHANNELS
        /**
         * Decoder should decode to this many channels if it can (0 for default)
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         * @deprecated Deprecated in favor of request_channel_layout.
         */
        int request_channels;
    #endif
     
        /**
         * Audio channel layout.
         * - encoding: set by user.
         * - decoding: set by user, may be overwritten by libavcodec.
         */
        uint64_t channel_layout;
     
        /**
         * Request decoder to use this channel layout if it can (0 for default)
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        uint64_t request_channel_layout;
     
        /**
         * Type of service that the audio stream conveys.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        enum AVAudioServiceType audio_service_type;
     
        /**
         * desired sample format
         * - encoding: Not used.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         * Decoder will decode to this format if it can.
         */
        enum AVSampleFormat request_sample_fmt;
     
        /**
         * Called at the beginning of each frame to get a buffer for it.
         *
         * The function will set AVFrame.data[], AVFrame.linesize[].
         * AVFrame.extended_data[] must also be set, but it should be the same as
         * AVFrame.data[] except for planar audio with more channels than can fit
         * in AVFrame.data[]. In that case, AVFrame.data[] shall still contain as
         * many data pointers as it can hold.
         *
         * if CODEC_CAP_DR1 is not set then get_buffer() must call
         * avcodec_default_get_buffer() instead of providing buffers allocated by
         * some other means.
         *
         * AVFrame.data[] should be 32- or 16-byte-aligned unless the CPU doesn't
         * need it. avcodec_default_get_buffer() aligns the output buffer properly,
         * but if get_buffer() is overridden then alignment considerations should
         * be taken into account.
         *
         * @see avcodec_default_get_buffer()
         *
         * Video:
         *
         * If pic.reference is set then the frame will be read later by libavcodec.
         * avcodec_align_dimensions2() should be used to find the required width and
         * height, as they normally need to be rounded up to the next multiple of 16.
         *
         * If frame multithreading is used and thread_safe_callbacks is set,
         * it may be called from a different thread, but not from more than one at
         * once. Does not need to be reentrant.
         *
         * @see release_buffer(), reget_buffer()
         * @see avcodec_align_dimensions2()
         *
         * Audio:
         *
         * Decoders request a buffer of a particular size by setting
         * AVFrame.nb_samples prior to calling get_buffer(). The decoder may,
         * however, utilize only part of the buffer by setting AVFrame.nb_samples
         * to a smaller value in the output frame.
         *
         * Decoders cannot use the buffer after returning from
         * avcodec_decode_audio4(), so they will not call release_buffer(), as it
         * is assumed to be released immediately upon return.
         *
         * As a convenience, av_samples_get_buffer_size() and
         * av_samples_fill_arrays() in libavutil may be used by custom get_buffer()
         * functions to find the required data size and to fill data pointers and
         * linesize. In AVFrame.linesize, only linesize[0] may be set for audio
         * since all planes must be the same size.
         *
         * @see av_samples_get_buffer_size(), av_samples_fill_arrays()
         *
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         */
        int (*get_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
     
        /**
         * Called to release buffers which were allocated with get_buffer.
         * A released buffer can be reused in get_buffer().
         * pic.data[*] must be set to NULL.
         * May be called from a different thread if frame multithreading is used,
         * but not by more than one thread at once, so does not need to be reentrant.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         */
        void (*release_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
     
        /**
         * Called at the beginning of a frame to get cr buffer for it.
         * Buffer type (size, hints) must be the same. libavcodec won't check it.
         * libavcodec will pass previous buffer in pic, function should return
         * same buffer or new buffer with old frame "painted" into it.
         * If pic.data[0] == NULL must behave like get_buffer().
         * if CODEC_CAP_DR1 is not set then reget_buffer() must call
         * avcodec_default_reget_buffer() instead of providing buffers allocated by
         * some other means.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         */
        int (*reget_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
     
     
        /* - encoding parameters */
        float qcompress;  ///< amount of qscale change between easy & hard scenes (0.0-1.0)
        float qblur;      ///< amount of qscale smoothing over time (0.0-1.0)
     
        /**
         * minimum quantizer
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int qmin;
     
        /**
         * maximum quantizer
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int qmax;
     
        /**
         * maximum quantizer difference between frames
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int max_qdiff;
     
        /**
         * ratecontrol qmin qmax limiting method
         * 0-> clipping, 1-> use a nice continuous function to limit qscale wthin qmin/qmax.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float rc_qsquish;
     
        float rc_qmod_amp;
        int rc_qmod_freq;
     
        /**
         * decoder bitstream buffer size
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int rc_buffer_size;
     
        /**
         * ratecontrol override, see RcOverride
         * - encoding: Allocated/set/freed by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int rc_override_count;
        RcOverride *rc_override;
     
        /**
         * rate control equation
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        const char *rc_eq;
     
        /**
         * maximum bitrate
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int rc_max_rate;
     
        /**
         * minimum bitrate
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int rc_min_rate;
     
        float rc_buffer_aggressivity;
     
        /**
         * initial complexity for pass1 ratecontrol
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        float rc_initial_cplx;
     
        /**
         * Ratecontrol attempt to use, at maximum, <value> of what can be used without an underflow.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused.
         */
        float rc_max_available_vbv_use;
     
        /**
         * Ratecontrol attempt to use, at least, <value> times the amount needed to prevent a vbv overflow.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused.
         */
        float rc_min_vbv_overflow_use;
     
        /**
         * Number of bits which should be loaded into the rc buffer before decoding starts.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int rc_initial_buffer_occupancy;
     
    #define FF_CODER_TYPE_VLC       0
    #define FF_CODER_TYPE_AC        1
    #define FF_CODER_TYPE_RAW       2
    #define FF_CODER_TYPE_RLE       3
    #define FF_CODER_TYPE_DEFLATE   4
        /**
         * coder type
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int coder_type;
     
        /**
         * context model
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int context_model;
     
        /**
         * minimum Lagrange multipler
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int lmin;
     
        /**
         * maximum Lagrange multipler
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int lmax;
     
        /**
         * frame skip threshold
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int frame_skip_threshold;
     
        /**
         * frame skip factor
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int frame_skip_factor;
     
        /**
         * frame skip exponent
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int frame_skip_exp;
     
        /**
         * frame skip comparison function
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int frame_skip_cmp;
     
        /**
         * trellis RD quantization
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int trellis;
     
        /**
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int min_prediction_order;
     
        /**
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int max_prediction_order;
     
        /**
         * GOP timecode frame start number
         * - encoding: Set by user, in non drop frame format
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec (timecode in the 25 bits format, -1 if unset)
         */
        int64_t timecode_frame_start;
     
        /* The RTP callback: This function is called    */
        /* every time the encoder has a packet to send. */
        /* It depends on the encoder if the data starts */
        /* with a Start Code (it should). H.263 does.   */
        /* mb_nb contains the number of macroblocks     */
        /* encoded in the RTP payload.                  */
        void (*rtp_callback)(struct AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int size, int mb_nb);
     
        int rtp_payload_size;   /* The size of the RTP payload: the coder will  */
                                /* do its best to deliver a chunk with size     */
                                /* below rtp_payload_size, the chunk will start */
                                /* with a start code on some codecs like H.263. */
                                /* This doesn't take account of any particular  */
                                /* headers inside the transmitted RTP payload.  */
     
        /* statistics, used for 2-pass encoding */
        int mv_bits;
        int header_bits;
        int i_tex_bits;
        int p_tex_bits;
        int i_count;
        int p_count;
        int skip_count;
        int misc_bits;
     
        /**
         * number of bits used for the previously encoded frame
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int frame_bits;
     
        /**
         * pass1 encoding statistics output buffer
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        char *stats_out;
     
        /**
         * pass2 encoding statistics input buffer
         * Concatenated stuff from stats_out of pass1 should be placed here.
         * - encoding: Allocated/set/freed by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        char *stats_in;
     
        /**
         * Work around bugs in encoders which sometimes cannot be detected automatically.
         * - encoding: Set by user
         * - decoding: Set by user
         */
        int workaround_bugs;
    #define FF_BUG_AUTODETECT       1  ///< autodetection
    #define FF_BUG_OLD_MSMPEG4      2
    #define FF_BUG_XVID_ILACE       4
    #define FF_BUG_UMP4             8
    #define FF_BUG_NO_PADDING       16
    #define FF_BUG_AMV              32
    #define FF_BUG_AC_VLC           0  ///< Will be removed, libavcodec can now handle these non-compliant files by default.
    #define FF_BUG_QPEL_CHROMA      64
    #define FF_BUG_STD_QPEL         128
    #define FF_BUG_QPEL_CHROMA2     256
    #define FF_BUG_DIRECT_BLOCKSIZE 512
    #define FF_BUG_EDGE             1024
    #define FF_BUG_HPEL_CHROMA      2048
    #define FF_BUG_DC_CLIP          4096
    #define FF_BUG_MS               8192 ///< Work around various bugs in Microsoft's broken decoders.
    #define FF_BUG_TRUNCATED       16384
     
        /**
         * strictly follow the standard (MPEG4, ...).
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         * Setting this to STRICT or higher means the encoder and decoder will
         * generally do stupid things, whereas setting it to unofficial or lower
         * will mean the encoder might produce output that is not supported by all
         * spec-compliant decoders. Decoders don't differentiate between normal,
         * unofficial and experimental (that is, they always try to decode things
         * when they can) unless they are explicitly asked to behave stupidly
         * (=strictly conform to the specs)
         */
        int strict_std_compliance;
    #define FF_COMPLIANCE_VERY_STRICT   2 ///< Strictly conform to an older more strict version of the spec or reference software.
    #define FF_COMPLIANCE_STRICT        1 ///< Strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what consequences.
    #define FF_COMPLIANCE_NORMAL        0
    #define FF_COMPLIANCE_UNOFFICIAL   -1 ///< Allow unofficial extensions
    #define FF_COMPLIANCE_EXPERIMENTAL -2 ///< Allow nonstandardized experimental things.
     
        /**
         * error concealment flags
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int error_concealment;
    #define FF_EC_GUESS_MVS   1
    #define FF_EC_DEBLOCK     2
     
        /**
         * debug
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int debug;
    #define FF_DEBUG_PICT_INFO   1
    #define FF_DEBUG_RC          2
    #define FF_DEBUG_BITSTREAM   4
    #define FF_DEBUG_MB_TYPE     8
    #define FF_DEBUG_QP          16
    #define FF_DEBUG_MV          32
    #define FF_DEBUG_DCT_COEFF   0x00000040
    #define FF_DEBUG_SKIP        0x00000080
    #define FF_DEBUG_STARTCODE   0x00000100
    #define FF_DEBUG_PTS         0x00000200
    #define FF_DEBUG_ER          0x00000400
    #define FF_DEBUG_MMCO        0x00000800
    #define FF_DEBUG_BUGS        0x00001000
    #define FF_DEBUG_VIS_QP      0x00002000
    #define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MB_TYPE 0x00004000
    #define FF_DEBUG_BUFFERS     0x00008000
    #define FF_DEBUG_THREADS     0x00010000
     
        /**
         * debug
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int debug_mv;
    #define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MV_P_FOR  0x00000001 //visualize forward predicted MVs of P frames
    #define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MV_B_FOR  0x00000002 //visualize forward predicted MVs of B frames
    #define FF_DEBUG_VIS_MV_B_BACK 0x00000004 //visualize backward predicted MVs of B frames
     
        /**
         * Error recognition; may misdetect some more or less valid parts as errors.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int err_recognition;
    #define AV_EF_CRCCHECK  (1<<0)
    #define AV_EF_BITSTREAM (1<<1)
    #define AV_EF_BUFFER    (1<<2)
    #define AV_EF_EXPLODE   (1<<3)
     
    #define AV_EF_CAREFUL    (1<<16)
    #define AV_EF_COMPLIANT  (1<<17)
    #define AV_EF_AGGRESSIVE (1<<18)
     
     
        /**
         * opaque 64bit number (generally a PTS) that will be reordered and
         * output in AVFrame.reordered_opaque
         * @deprecated in favor of pkt_pts
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int64_t reordered_opaque;
     
        /**
         * Hardware accelerator in use
         * - encoding: unused.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec
         */
        struct AVHWAccel *hwaccel;
     
        /**
         * Hardware accelerator context.
         * For some hardware accelerators, a global context needs to be
         * provided by the user. In that case, this holds display-dependent
         * data FFmpeg cannot instantiate itself. Please refer to the
         * FFmpeg HW accelerator documentation to know how to fill this
         * is. e.g. for VA API, this is a struct vaapi_context.
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user
         */
        void *hwaccel_context;
     
        /**
         * error
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec if flags&CODEC_FLAG_PSNR.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        uint64_t error[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
     
        /**
         * DCT algorithm, see FF_DCT_* below
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int dct_algo;
    #define FF_DCT_AUTO    0
    #define FF_DCT_FASTINT 1
    #define FF_DCT_INT     2
    #define FF_DCT_MMX     3
    #define FF_DCT_ALTIVEC 5
    #define FF_DCT_FAAN    6
     
        /**
         * IDCT algorithm, see FF_IDCT_* below.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int idct_algo;
    #define FF_IDCT_AUTO          0
    #define FF_IDCT_INT           1
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLE        2
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEMMX     3
    #define FF_IDCT_LIBMPEG2MMX   4
    #define FF_IDCT_MMI           5
    #define FF_IDCT_ARM           7
    #define FF_IDCT_ALTIVEC       8
    #define FF_IDCT_SH4           9
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEARM     10
    #define FF_IDCT_H264          11
    #define FF_IDCT_VP3           12
    #define FF_IDCT_IPP           13
    #define FF_IDCT_XVIDMMX       14
    #define FF_IDCT_CAVS          15
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEARMV5TE 16
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEARMV6   17
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEVIS     18
    #define FF_IDCT_WMV2          19
    #define FF_IDCT_FAAN          20
    #define FF_IDCT_EA            21
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLENEON    22
    #define FF_IDCT_SIMPLEALPHA   23
    #define FF_IDCT_BINK          24
     
    #if FF_API_DSP_MASK
        /**
         * Unused.
         * @deprecated use av_set_cpu_flags_mask() instead.
         */
        attribute_deprecated unsigned dsp_mask;
    #endif
     
        /**
         * bits per sample/pixel from the demuxer (needed for huffyuv).
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
         int bits_per_coded_sample;
     
        /**
         * Bits per sample/pixel of internal libavcodec pixel/sample format.
         * - encoding: set by user.
         * - decoding: set by libavcodec.
         */
        int bits_per_raw_sample;
     
        /**
         * low resolution decoding, 1-> 1/2 size, 2->1/4 size
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
         int lowres;
     
        /**
         * the picture in the bitstream
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        AVFrame *coded_frame;
     
        /**
         * thread count
         * is used to decide how many independent tasks should be passed to execute()
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int thread_count;
     
        /**
         * Which multithreading methods to use.
         * Use of FF_THREAD_FRAME will increase decoding delay by one frame per thread,
         * so clients which cannot provide future frames should not use it.
         *
         * - encoding: Set by user, otherwise the default is used.
         * - decoding: Set by user, otherwise the default is used.
         */
        int thread_type;
    #define FF_THREAD_FRAME   1 ///< Decode more than one frame at once
    #define FF_THREAD_SLICE   2 ///< Decode more than one part of a single frame at once
     
        /**
         * Which multithreading methods are in use by the codec.
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
        int active_thread_type;
     
        /**
         * Set by the client if its custom get_buffer() callback can be called
         * synchronously from another thread, which allows faster multithreaded decoding.
         * draw_horiz_band() will be called from other threads regardless of this setting.
         * Ignored if the default get_buffer() is used.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        int thread_safe_callbacks;
     
        /**
         * The codec may call this to execute several independent things.
         * It will return only after finishing all tasks.
         * The user may replace this with some multithreaded implementation,
         * the default implementation will execute the parts serially.
         * @param count the number of things to execute
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         */
        int (*execute)(struct AVCodecContext *c, int (*func)(struct AVCodecContext *c2, void *arg), void *arg2, int *ret, int count, int size);
     
        /**
         * The codec may call this to execute several independent things.
         * It will return only after finishing all tasks.
         * The user may replace this with some multithreaded implementation,
         * the default implementation will execute the parts serially.
         * Also see avcodec_thread_init and e.g. the --enable-pthread configure option.
         * @param c context passed also to func
         * @param count the number of things to execute
         * @param arg2 argument passed unchanged to func
         * @param ret return values of executed functions, must have space for "count" values. May be NULL.
         * @param func function that will be called count times, with jobnr from 0 to count-1.
         *             threadnr will be in the range 0 to c->thread_count-1 < MAX_THREADS and so that no
         *             two instances of func executing at the same time will have the same threadnr.
         * @return always 0 currently, but code should handle a future improvement where when any call to func
         *         returns < 0 no further calls to func may be done and < 0 is returned.
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec, user can override.
         */
        int (*execute2)(struct AVCodecContext *c, int (*func)(struct AVCodecContext *c2, void *arg, int jobnr, int threadnr), void *arg2, int *ret, int count);
     
        /**
         * thread opaque
         * Can be used by execute() to store some per AVCodecContext stuff.
         * - encoding: set by execute()
         * - decoding: set by execute()
         */
        void *thread_opaque;
     
        /**
         * noise vs. sse weight for the nsse comparsion function
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
         int nsse_weight;
     
        /**
         * profile
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
         int profile;
    #define FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN -99
    #define FF_PROFILE_RESERVED -100
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_MAIN 0
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LOW  1
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_SSR  2
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LTP  3
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE   4
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE_V2 28
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LD   22
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_ELD  38
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS         20
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_ES      30
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_96_24   40
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_HD_HRA  50
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_HD_MA   60
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_422    0
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_HIGH   1
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SS     2
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SNR_SCALABLE  3
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_MAIN   4
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SIMPLE 5
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED  (1<<9)  // 8+1; constraint_set1_flag
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA        (1<<11) // 8+3; constraint_set3_flag
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_BASELINE             66
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE (66|FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_MAIN                 77
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_EXTENDED             88
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH                 100
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_10              110
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_10_INTRA        (110|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_422             122
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_422_INTRA       (122|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444             144
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444_PREDICTIVE  244
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444_INTRA       (244|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_CAVLC_444            44
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_SIMPLE   0
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_MAIN     1
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_COMPLEX  2
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_ADVANCED 3
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE                     0
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_SCALABLE            1
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_CORE                       2
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_MAIN                       3
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_N_BIT                      4
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SCALABLE_TEXTURE           5
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_FACE_ANIMATION      6
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_BASIC_ANIMATED_TEXTURE     7
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_HYBRID                     8
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_REAL_TIME         9
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_CORE_SCALABLE             10
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_CODING           11
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_CORE             12
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_SCALABLE_TEXTURE 13
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_STUDIO             14
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_SIMPLE           15
     
        /**
         * level
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: Set by libavcodec.
         */
         int level;
    #define FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN -99
     
        /**
         *
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        enum AVDiscard skip_loop_filter;
     
        /**
         *
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        enum AVDiscard skip_idct;
     
        /**
         *
         * - encoding: unused
         * - decoding: Set by user.
         */
        enum AVDiscard skip_frame;
     
        /**
         * Header containing style information for text subtitles.
         * For SUBTITLE_ASS subtitle type, it should contain the whole ASS
         * [Script Info] and [V4+ Styles] section, plus the [Events] line and
         * the Format line following. It shouldn't include any Dialogue line.
         * - encoding: Set/allocated/freed by user (before avcodec_open2())
         * - decoding: Set/allocated/freed by libavcodec (by avcodec_open2())
         */
        uint8_t *subtitle_header;
        int subtitle_header_size;
     
        /**
         * Simulates errors in the bitstream to test error concealment.
         * - encoding: Set by user.
         * - decoding: unused
         */
        int error_rate;
     
        /**
         * Current packet as passed into the decoder, to avoid having
         * to pass the packet into every function. Currently only valid
         * inside lavc and get/release_buffer callbacks.
         * - decoding: set by avcodec_decode_*, read by get_buffer() for setting pkt_pts
         * - encoding: unused
         */
        AVPacket *pkt;
     
        /**
         * VBV delay coded in the last frame (in periods of a 27 MHz clock).
         * Used for compliant TS muxing.
         * - encoding: Set by libavcodec.
         * - decoding: unused.
         */
        uint64_t vbv_delay;
     
        /**
         * Timebase in which pkt_dts/pts and AVPacket.dts/pts are.
         * Code outside libavcodec should access this field using:
         * avcodec_set_pkt_timebase(avctx)
         * - encoding unused.
         * - decodimg set by user
         */
        AVRational pkt_timebase;
     
        /**
         * AVCodecDescriptor
         * Code outside libavcodec should access this field using:
         * avcodec_get_codec_descriptior(avctx)
         * - encoding: unused.
         * - decoding: set by libavcodec.
         */
        const AVCodecDescriptor *codec_descriptor;
     
        /**
         * Current statistics for PTS correction.
         * - decoding: maintained and used by libavcodec, not intended to be used by user apps
         * - encoding: unused
         */
        int64_t pts_correction_num_faulty_pts; /// Number of incorrect PTS values so far
        int64_t pts_correction_num_faulty_dts; /// Number of incorrect DTS values so far
        int64_t pts_correction_last_pts;       /// PTS of the last frame
        int64_t pts_correction_last_dts;       /// DTS of the last frame
    } AVCodecContext;
    View Code

    二、AVCodecContext 重点字段

    下面挑一些关键的变量来看看(这里只考虑解码):

    enum AVMediaType codec_type:编解码器的类型(视频,音频...)
    
    struct AVCodec  *codec:采用的解码器AVCodec(H.264,MPEG2...)
    
    int bit_rate:平均比特率
    
    uint8_t *extradata; int extradata_size:针对特定编码器包含的附加信息(例如对于H.264解码器来说,存储SPS,PPS等)
    
    AVRational time_base:根据该参数,可以把PTS转化为实际的时间(单位为秒s)
    
    int width, height:如果是视频的话,代表宽和高
    
    int refs:运动估计参考帧的个数(H.264的话会有多帧,MPEG2这类的一般就没有了)
    
    int sample_rate:采样率(音频)
    
    int channels:声道数(音频)
    
    enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt:采样格式
    
    int profile:型(H.264里面就有,其他编码标准应该也有)
    
    int level:级(和profile差不太多)

    在这里需要注意:AVCodecContext中很多的参数是编码的时候使用的,而不是解码的时候使用的。

    其实这些参数都比较容易理解。就不多费篇幅了。在这里看一下以下几个参数:

    1.codec_type

    编解码器类型有以下几种:

    enum AVMediaType {
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1,  ///< Usually treated as AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO,
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA,          ///< Opaque data information usually continuous
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE,
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT,    ///< Opaque data information usually sparse
        AVMEDIA_TYPE_NB
    };

    2.sample_fmt 

    在FFMPEG中音频采样格式有以下几种:

    enum AVSampleFormat {
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE = -1,
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8,          ///< unsigned 8 bits
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16,         ///< signed 16 bits
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32,         ///< signed 32 bits
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT,         ///< float
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL,         ///< double
     
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8P,         ///< unsigned 8 bits, planar
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16P,        ///< signed 16 bits, planar
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32P,        ///< signed 32 bits, planar
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP,        ///< float, planar
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBLP,        ///< double, planar
     
        AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB           ///< Number of sample formats. DO NOT USE if linking dynamically
    };

    3.profile 

    在FFMPEG中型有以下几种,可以看出AAC,MPEG2,H.264,VC-1,MPEG4都有型的概念。

    #define FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN -99
    #define FF_PROFILE_RESERVED -100
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_MAIN 0
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LOW  1
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_SSR  2
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LTP  3
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE   4
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_HE_V2 28
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_LD   22
    #define FF_PROFILE_AAC_ELD  38
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS         20
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_ES      30
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_96_24   40
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_HD_HRA  50
    #define FF_PROFILE_DTS_HD_MA   60
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_422    0
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_HIGH   1
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SS     2
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SNR_SCALABLE  3
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_MAIN   4
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG2_SIMPLE 5
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED  (1<<9)  // 8+1; constraint_set1_flag
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA        (1<<11) // 8+3; constraint_set3_flag
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_BASELINE             66
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE (66|FF_PROFILE_H264_CONSTRAINED)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_MAIN                 77
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_EXTENDED             88
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH                 100
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_10              110
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_10_INTRA        (110|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_422             122
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_422_INTRA       (122|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444             144
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444_PREDICTIVE  244
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_HIGH_444_INTRA       (244|FF_PROFILE_H264_INTRA)
    #define FF_PROFILE_H264_CAVLC_444            44
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_SIMPLE   0
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_MAIN     1
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_COMPLEX  2
    #define FF_PROFILE_VC1_ADVANCED 3
     
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE                     0
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_SCALABLE            1
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_CORE                       2
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_MAIN                       3
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_N_BIT                      4
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SCALABLE_TEXTURE           5
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_FACE_ANIMATION      6
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_BASIC_ANIMATED_TEXTURE     7
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_HYBRID                     8
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_REAL_TIME         9
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_CORE_SCALABLE             10
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_CODING           11
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_CORE             12
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_SCALABLE_TEXTURE 13
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_SIMPLE_STUDIO             14
    #define FF_PROFILE_MPEG4_ADVANCED_SIMPLE           15
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/renhui/p/9494286.html
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