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  • 从零开始开发一个Spring Boot Starter

    一.Spring Boot Starter简介

    Starter是Spring Boot中的一个非常重要的概念,Starter相当于模块,它能将模块所需的依赖整合起来并对模块内的Bean根据环境( 条件)进行自动配置。使用者只需要依赖相应功能的Starter,无需做过多的配置和依赖,Spring Boot就能自动扫描并加载相应的模块。
    总结:

    1.它整合了这个模块需要的依赖库;
    2.提供对模块的配置项给使用者;
    3.提供自动配置类对模块内的Bean进行自动装配;
    

    例如,在Maven的依赖中加入spring-boot-starter-web就能使项目支持Spring MVC,并且Spring Boot还为我们做了很多默认配置,无需再依赖spring-web、spring-webmvc等相关包及做相关配置就能够立即使用起来。

    二.Starter的开发步骤

    编写Starter非常简单,与编写一个普通的Spring Boot应用没有太大区别,总结如下:

    1.新建Maven项目,在项目的POM文件中定义使用的依赖;
    2.新建配置类,写好配置项和默认的配置值,指明配置项前缀;
    3.新建自动装配类,使用@Configuration和@Bean来进行自动装配;
    4.新建spring.factories文件,指定Starter的自动装配类;
    

    三.Starter的开发示例

    下面,我就以创建一个自动配置并连接ElasticSearch的Starter来讲一下各个步骤及细节。
    1.新建Maven项目,在项目的POM文件中定义使用的依赖。

        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
                 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
            <parent>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
            </parent>
            <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        
            <artifactId>es-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0.SNAPSHORT</version>
        
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                    <version>1.16.18</version>
                </dependency>
        
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                    <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
                </dependency>
        
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
                    <optional>true</optional>
                </dependency>
        
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
                    <artifactId>x-pack-transport</artifactId>
                    <version>5.6.4</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </project>
    

    由于本starter主要是与ElasticSearch建立连接,获得TransportClient对象,所以需要依赖x-pack-transport包。

    2.新建配置类,写好配置项和默认的配置值,指明配置项前缀。

    package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.starter;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    /**
     * Created by William on 2018/8/7.
     */
    @Data
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "sxw.elasticsearch")
    public class ElasticSearchProperties {
    
        private String clusterName = "elasticsearch";
    
        private String clusterNodes = "127.0.0.1:9300";
    
        private String userName = "elastic";
    
        private String password = "changeme";
    
    }
    

    指定配置项前缀为sxw.elasticsearch,各配置项均有默认值,默认值可以通过模块使用者的配置文件进行覆盖。

    3.新建自动装配类,使用@Configuration@Bean来进行自动装配。

    package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.starter;
    
    import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
    import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
    import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
    import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.TransportAddress;
    import org.elasticsearch.xpack.client.PreBuiltXPackTransportClient;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    
    /**
     * Created by William on 2018/8/7.
     */
    @Slf4j
    @Configuration
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(ElasticSearchProperties.class)
    public class ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration implements DisposableBean{
    
        private TransportClient transportClient;
        @Resource
        private ElasticSearchProperties properties;
    
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean(TransportClient.class)
        public TransportClient transportClient() {
            log.debug("=======" + properties.getClusterName());
            log.debug("=======" + properties.getClusterNodes());
            log.debug("=======" + properties.getUserName());
            log.debug("=======" + properties.getPassword());
            log.info("开始建立es连接");
            transportClient = new PreBuiltXPackTransportClient(settings());
            TransportAddress[] transportAddresses= Arrays.stream(properties.getClusterNodes().split(",")).map (t->{
                String[] addressPortPairs = t.split(":");
                String address = addressPortPairs[0];
                Integer port = Integer.valueOf(addressPortPairs[1]);
                try {
                    return new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName(address), port);
                } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                    log.error("连接ElasticSearch失败", e);
                    throw new RuntimeException ("连接ElasticSearch失败",e);
                }
            }).collect (Collectors.toList ()).toArray (new TransportAddress[0]);
            transportClient.addTransportAddresses(transportAddresses);
            return transportClient;
        }
    
        private Settings settings() {
            return Settings.builder()
                    .put("cluster.name", properties.getClusterName())
                    .put("xpack.security.user", properties.getUserName() +
                            ":" + properties.getPassword())
                    .build();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void destroy() throws Exception {
            log.info("开始销毁Es的连接");
            if (transportClient != null) {
                transportClient.close();
            }
        }
    }
    

    本类主要对TransportClient类进行自动配置;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean 当Spring容器中没有TransportClient类的对象时,调用transportClient()创建对象;
    关于更多Bean的条件装配用法请自行查阅Spring Boot相关文档;

    4.新建spring.factories文件,指定Starter的自动装配类。

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
      cn.sxw.commons.data.es.starter.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration
    

    spring.factories文件位于resources/META-INF目录下,需要手动创建;
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration后面的类名说明了自动装配类,如果有多个 ,则用逗号分开;
    使用者应用(SpringBoot)在启动的时候,会通过org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader读取classpath下每个Starter的spring.factories文件,加载自动装配类进行Bean的自动装配;

    至此,整个Starter开发完毕,Deploy到中央仓库或Install到本地仓库后即可使用。

    四.Starter的使用

    1.创建Maven项目,依赖刚才发布的es-starter包。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-parent</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>es-example</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>es-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.0.SNAPSHORT</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.8</source>
                        <target>1.8</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>
    

    只需依赖刚才开发的es-starter即可

    2.编写应用程序启动类。

    package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    
    /**
     * Created by William on 2018/8/7.
     */
    @SpringBootApplication
    @ComponentScan("cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example")
    public class ExampleApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ExampleApplication.class, args);
        }
    }
    

    @SpringBootApplication由@SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@ComponentScan三个注解组合而成,其中@EnableAutoConfiguration注解让Spring Boot根据类路径中的jar包依赖为当前项目进行自动配置。

    3.编写查询ElasticSearch的使用类

    package cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example;
    
    import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
    import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
    import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
    import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHits;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
    import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    
    /**
     * Created by William on 2018/8/7.
     */
    @Slf4j
    @Component
    public class ExampleRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
    
        private static final String INDEX_NAME = "tb_question";
    
        @Autowired
        private TransportClient transportClient;
    
        @Override
        public void run(ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) throws Exception {
            SearchResponse response = transportClient.prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME)
                    .setTypes(INDEX_NAME)
                    .setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery())
                    .setFrom(0).setSize(5).execute().actionGet();
            SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
            log.info(String.format("=======总共找到%d条记录", hits.getTotalHits()));
            log.info("=======第一页数据:");
            for (SearchHit searchHit : hits) {
                Map<String, Object> source = searchHit.getSource();
                String question = source.get("question").toString();
                log.info(question);
            }
        }
    }
    

    通过实现ApplicationRunner或CommandLineRunner接口,可以实现应用程序启动完成后自动运行run方法,达到测试es-starter模块目的。
    索引名称tb_question是公司测试环境ElasticSearch中的索引,已存在数据。

    4.应用程序配置

    sxw:
      elasticsearch:
        cluster-name: docker-cluster
        cluster-nodes: 192.168.2.180:9300,192.168.2.181:9300
        user-name: elastic
        password: changeme
    

    在application.yml文件中配置es-starter需要的配置信息,这里连接公司测试环境中的ElasticSearch。
    这里配置的值可以覆盖es-starter中默认值,也就是之前ElasticSearchProperties文件中的默认值。

    5.运行程序测试

    /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java "-javaagent:/Applications/开发/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=52434:/Applications/开发/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath cn.sxw.commons.data.es.example.ExampleApplication
    objc[2017]: Class JavaLaunchHelper is implemented in both /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java (0x1022a24c0) and /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_25.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/libinstrument.dylib (0x1023254e0). One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _    
    ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ / _` |    
     \/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.0.4.RELEASE)
    
    2018-08-08 16:26:43.161  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.d.es.example.ExampleApplication    : Starting ExampleApplication on William.local with PID 2017 (/Users/William/Git/sxw-java/es-spring-boot-starter/es-example/target/classes started by William in /Users/William/Git/sxw-java/es-spring-boot-starter)
    2018-08-08 16:26:43.167  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.d.es.example.ExampleApplication    : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2018-08-08 16:26:43.365  INFO 2017 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Wed Aug 08 16:26:43 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-08-08 16:26:45.078  INFO 2017 --- [           main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======docker-cluster
    2018-08-08 16:26:45.079  INFO 2017 --- [           main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======192.168.2.180:9300,192.168.2.181:9300
    2018-08-08 16:26:45.081  INFO 2017 --- [           main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======elastic
    2018-08-08 16:26:45.081  INFO 2017 --- [           main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : =======changeme
    2018-08-08 16:26:45.082  INFO 2017 --- [           main] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : 开始建立es连接
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.200  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : no modules loaded
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.201  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.index.reindex.ReindexPlugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.202  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.join.ParentJoinPlugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.202  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.percolator.PercolatorPlugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.202  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.script.mustache.MustachePlugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.202  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.transport.Netty3Plugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.202  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.transport.Netty4Plugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:46.202  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.elasticsearch.plugins.PluginsService   : loaded plugin [org.elasticsearch.xpack.XPackPlugin]
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.137  INFO 2017 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.157  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.d.es.example.ExampleApplication    : Started ExampleApplication in 6.6 seconds (JVM running for 7.915)
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.215  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : =======总共找到907条记录
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.215  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : =======第一页数据:
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.230  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : <p>下列诗句朗读节奏有错误的一项是(  )</p>
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.230  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : <p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《卧薪尝胆》这个故事出自于(</span> A &nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family:宋体">)</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px">A<span style="font-family:宋体">、司马迁《史记》 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、司马光 《资治通鉴》</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:14px">C<span style="font-family:宋体">、孔子 &nbsp;&nbsp;《论语》 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">D</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、司马迁《春秋》</span></span></p><p><br/></p>
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.230  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : <p style="margin-bottom:7px;margin-bottom:auto;vertical-align:middle"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Cambria Math&#39;;font-size:14pxfont-family:宋体,新宋体">填空题</span></p><p style="margin-bottom:7px;margin-bottom:auto;vertical-align:middle"><span style=";font-family:&#39;Cambria Math&#39;;font-size:14pxfont-family:宋体,新宋体">该模式给当地带来的主要影响是 </span><span style=";font-family:&#39;Cambria Math&#39;;font-size:14px"><br/></span><br/></p><p><br/></p>
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.231  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : <p>下列词语没有错别字的一项是(  )</p>
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.231  INFO 2017 --- [           main] c.s.c.data.es.example.ExampleRunner      : <p>语文第16题</p>
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.232  INFO 2017 --- [       Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Wed Aug 08 16:26:43 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.234  INFO 2017 --- [       Thread-2] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Unregistering JMX-exposed beans on shutdown
    2018-08-08 16:26:49.328  INFO 2017 --- [       Thread-2] s.c.d.e.s.ElasticSearchAutoConfiguration : 开始销毁Es的连接
    
    Process finished with exit code 0
    

    运行程序,观察控制台输出,es-starter成功与ElasticSearch建立连接,且应用程序启动完后ExampleRunner的run方法查询出5条数据。



    作者:liushiping
    链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/bbf439c8a203

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/renjiaqi/p/11855423.html
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