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  • 详解Django的CSRF认证

    1.csrf原理

    csrf要求发送post,put或delete请求的时候,是先以get方式发送请求,服务端响应时会分配一个随机字符串给客户端,客户端第二次发送post,put或delete请求时携带上次分配的随机字符串到服务端进行校验
    

    2.Django中的CSRF中间件

    首先,我们知道Django中间件作用于整个项目。

    在一个项目中,如果想对全局所有视图函数或视图类起作用时,就可以在中间件中实现,比如想实现用户登录判断,基于用户的权限管理(RBAC)等都可以在Django中间件中来进行操作

    Django内置了很多中间件,其中之一就是CSRF中间件

    MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    ]
    

    上面第四个就是Django内置的CSRF中间件

    3.Django中间件的执行流程

    Django中间件中最多可以定义5个方法

    process_request
    process_response
    process_view
    process_exception
    process_template_response
    

    Django中间件的执行顺序

    1.请求进入到Django后,会按中间件的注册顺序执行每个中间件中的process_request方法
        如果所有的中间件的process_request方法都没有定义return语句,则进入路由映射,进行url匹配
        否则直接执行return语句,返回响应给客户端
    2.依次按顺序执行中间件中的process_view方法
        如果某个中间件的process_view方法没有return语句,则根据第1步中匹配到的URL执行对应的视图函数或视图类
        如果某个中间件的process_view方法中定义了return语句,则后面的视图函数或视图类不会执行,程序会直接返回
    3.视图函数或视图类执行完成之后,会按照中间件的注册顺序逆序执行中间件中的process_response方法
        如果中间件中定义了return语句,程序会正常执行,把视图函数或视图类的执行结果返回给客户端
        否则程序会抛出异常
    4.程序在视图函数或视图类的正常执行过程中
        如果出现异常,则会执行按顺序执行中间件中的process_exception方法
        否则process_exception方法不会执行
        如果某个中间件的process_exception方法中定义了return语句,则后面的中间件中的process_exception方法不会继续执行了
    5.如果视图函数或视图类中使用render方法来向客户端返回数据,则会触发中间件中的process_template_response方法
    

    4.Django CSRF中间件的源码解析

    Django CSRF中间件的源码

    class CsrfViewMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
    
        def _accept(self, request):
            request.csrf_processing_done = True
            return None
    
        def _reject(self, request, reason):
            logger.warning(
                'Forbidden (%s): %s', reason, request.path,
                extra={
                    'status_code': 403,
                    'request': request,
                }
            )
            return _get_failure_view()(request, reason=reason)
    
        def _get_token(self, request):
            if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS:
                try:
                    return request.session.get(CSRF_SESSION_KEY)
                except AttributeError:
                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                        'CSRF_USE_SESSIONS is enabled, but request.session is not '
                        'set. SessionMiddleware must appear before CsrfViewMiddleware '
                        'in MIDDLEWARE%s.' % ('_CLASSES' if settings.MIDDLEWARE is None else '')
                    )
            else:
                try:
                    cookie_token = request.COOKIES[settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME]
                except KeyError:
                    return None
    
                csrf_token = _sanitize_token(cookie_token)
                if csrf_token != cookie_token:
                    # Cookie token needed to be replaced;
                    # the cookie needs to be reset.
                    request.csrf_cookie_needs_reset = True
                return csrf_token
    
        def _set_token(self, request, response):
            if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS:
                request.session[CSRF_SESSION_KEY] = request.META['CSRF_COOKIE']
            else:
                response.set_cookie(
                    settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME,
                    request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'],
                    max_age=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_AGE,
                    domain=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
                    path=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_PATH,
                    secure=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE,
                    httponly=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY,
                )
                patch_vary_headers(response, ('Cookie',))
    
        def process_request(self, request):
            csrf_token = self._get_token(request)
            if csrf_token is not None:
                # Use same token next time.
                request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'] = csrf_token
    
        def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
            if getattr(request, 'csrf_processing_done', False):
                return None
    
            if getattr(callback, 'csrf_exempt', False):
                return None
    
            if request.method not in ('GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'TRACE'):
                if getattr(request, '_dont_enforce_csrf_checks', False):
                    return self._accept(request)
    
                if request.is_secure():
                    referer = force_text(
                        request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER'),
                        strings_only=True,
                        errors='replace'
                    )
                    if referer is None:
                        return self._reject(request, REASON_NO_REFERER)
    
                    referer = urlparse(referer)
    
                    if '' in (referer.scheme, referer.netloc):
                        return self._reject(request, REASON_MALFORMED_REFERER)
    
                    if referer.scheme != 'https':
                        return self._reject(request, REASON_INSECURE_REFERER)
    
                    good_referer = (
                        settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN
                        if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS
                        else settings.CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN
                    )
                    if good_referer is not None:
                        server_port = request.get_port()
                        if server_port not in ('443', '80'):
                            good_referer = '%s:%s' % (good_referer, server_port)
                    else:
                        good_referer = request.get_host()
    
                    good_hosts = list(settings.CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS)
                    good_hosts.append(good_referer)
    
                    if not any(is_same_domain(referer.netloc, host) for host in good_hosts):
                        reason = REASON_BAD_REFERER % referer.geturl()
                        return self._reject(request, reason)
    
                csrf_token = request.META.get('CSRF_COOKIE')
                if csrf_token is None:
                    return self._reject(request, REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE)
    
                request_csrf_token = ""
                if request.method == "POST":
                    try:
                        request_csrf_token = request.POST.get('csrfmiddlewaretoken', '')
                    except IOError:
                        pass
    
                if request_csrf_token == "":
                    request_csrf_token = request.META.get(settings.CSRF_HEADER_NAME, '')
    
                request_csrf_token = _sanitize_token(request_csrf_token)
                if not _compare_salted_tokens(request_csrf_token, csrf_token):
                    return self._reject(request, REASON_BAD_TOKEN)
    
            return self._accept(request)
    
        def process_response(self, request, response):
            if not getattr(request, 'csrf_cookie_needs_reset', False):
                if getattr(response, 'csrf_cookie_set', False):
                    return response
    
            if not request.META.get("CSRF_COOKIE_USED", False):
                return response
    
            self._set_token(request, response)
            response.csrf_cookie_set = True
            return response
    

    从上面的源码中可以看到,CsrfViewMiddleware中间件中定义了process_request,process_view和process_response三个方法

    先来看process_request方法

    def _get_token(self, request):  
        if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS:  
            try:  
                return request.session.get(CSRF_SESSION_KEY)  
            except AttributeError:  
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(  
                    'CSRF_USE_SESSIONS is enabled, but request.session is not '  
     'set. SessionMiddleware must appear before CsrfViewMiddleware ' 'in MIDDLEWARE%s.' % ('_CLASSES' if settings.MIDDLEWARE is None else '')  
                )  
        else:  
            try:  
                cookie_token = request.COOKIES[settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME]  
            except KeyError:  
                return None  
      
      csrf_token = _sanitize_token(cookie_token)  
            if csrf_token != cookie_token:  
                # Cookie token needed to be replaced;  
     # the cookie needs to be reset.  request.csrf_cookie_needs_reset = True  
     return csrf_token
    
    def process_request(self, request):  
    	    csrf_token = self._get_token(request)  
    	    if csrf_token is not None:  
    	        # Use same token next time.  
    	  request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'] = csrf_token
    

    从Django项目配置文件夹中读取CSRF_USE_SESSIONS的值,如果获取成功,则从session中读取CSRF_SESSION_KEY的值,默认为'_csrftoken',如果没有获取到CSRF_USE_SESSIONS的值,则从发送过来的请求中获取CSRF_COOKIE_NAME的值,如果没有定义则返回None。

    再来看process_view方法

    在process_view方法中,先检查视图函数是否被csrf_exempt装饰器装饰,如果视图函数没有被csrf_exempt装饰器装饰,则程序继续执行,否则返回None。接着从request请求头中或者cookie中获取携带的token并进行验证,验证通过才会继续执行与URL匹配的视图函数,否则就返回403 Forbidden错误。

    实际项目中,会在发送POST,PUT,DELETE,PATCH请求时,在提交的form表单中添加

    {% csrf_token %}
    

    即可,否则会出现403的错误

    5.csrf_exempt装饰器和csrf_protect装饰器

    5.1 基于Django FBV

    在一个项目中,如果注册起用了CsrfViewMiddleware中间件,则项目中所有的视图函数和视图类在执行过程中都要进行CSRF验证。

    此时想使某个视图函数或视图类不进行CSRF验证,则可以使用csrf_exempt装饰器装饰不想进行CSRF验证的视图函数

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    
    @csrf_exempt  
    def index(request):  
        pass
    

    也可以把csrf_exempt装饰器直接加在URL路由映射中,使某个视图函数不经过CSRF验证

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt  
      
    from users import views  
     
    urlpatterns = [  
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),  
        url(r'^index/',csrf_exempt(views.index)),  
    ]
    

    同样的,如果在一个Django项目中,没有注册起用CsrfViewMiddleware中间件,但是想让某个视图函数进行CSRF验证,则可以使用csrf_protect装饰器

    csrf_protect装饰器的用法跟csrf_exempt装饰器用法相同,都可以加上视图函数上方装饰视图函数或者在URL路由映射中直接装饰视图函数

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt  
    
    @csrf_protect  
    def index(request):  
        pass
    

    或者

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect  
      
    from users import views  
     
    urlpatterns = [  
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),  
        url(r'^index/',csrf_protect(views.index)),  
    ]
    

    5.1 基于Django CBV

    上面的情况是基于Django FBV的,如果是基于Django CBV,则不可以直接加在视图类的视图函数中了

    此时有三种方式来对Django CBV进行CSRF验证或者不进行CSRF验证

    方法一,在视图类中定义dispatch方法,为dispatch方法加csrf_exempt装饰器

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
    
    class UserAuthView(View):
    
        @method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
        def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return super(UserAuthView,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
    
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    
        def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    
        def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    
        def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    

    方法二:为视图类上方添加装饰器

    @method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='dispatch')
    class UserAuthView(View):
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    
        def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    
        def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    
        def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            pass
    

    方式三:在url.py中为类添加装饰器

    from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
    
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
        url(r'^auth/', csrf_exempt(views.UserAuthView.as_view())),
    ]
    

    csrf_protect装饰器的用法跟上面一样

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/renpingsheng/p/9756051.html
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