有的程序可以通过编译, 但在运行时会出现Segment fault(段错误). 这通常都是指针错误引起的.但这不像编译错误一样会提示到文件->行, 而是没有任何信息, 使得我们的调试变得困难起来.
1.在一般Linux系统中,默认是不会产生core dump文件的。通过ulimit -c来查看core dump文件的大小,一般开始是0。
可以设置core文件大小,ulimit -c 1024(kbytes单位)或者ulimit -c unlimited。(注: 使用-c unlimited不限制core文件大小)
2.生成core文件: $ sudo sh -c "ulimit -c unlimited; ./main_arm" # main_arm 是可执行文件名。
3.记得在编译时加上 -g 方便调试,注意不要加上优化选项 -Os(或者-O0 -O1 ....)
4.用gdb查看core文件:
gdb [exec file] [core file]
如:gdb main_arm core
在进入gdb后, 用 bt 或 where 命令查看backtrace以检查发生程序运行到哪里, 来定位core dump的文件行.
5.举例:
- 一个程序cmm_test_tool在运行的时候发生了错误,并生成了一个core文件,如下:
- -rw-r–r– 1 root cmm_test_tool.c
- -rw-r–r– 1 root cmm_test_tool.o
- -rwxr-xr-x 1 root cmm_test_tool
- -rw——- 1 root core.19344
- -rw——- 1 root core.19351
- -rw-r–r– 1 root cmm_test_tool.cfg
- -rw-r–r– 1 root cmm_test_tool.res
- -rw-r–r– 1 root cmm_test_tool.log
- [root@AUTOTEST_SIM2 mam2cm]#
- 就可以利用命令gdb进行查找,参数一是应用程序的名称,参数二是core文件,运行
- gdb cmm_test_tool core.19344结果如下:
- [root@AUTOTEST_SIM2 mam2cm]# gdb cmm_test_tool core.19344
- GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (5.2.1-4)
- Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
- welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
- Type “show copying” to see the conditions.
- There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type “show warranty” for details.
- This GDB was configured as “i386-redhat-linux”…
- Core was generated by `./cmm_test_tool’.
- Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
- Reading symbols from /lib/i686/libpthread.so.0…done.
- Loaded symbols for /lib/i686/libpthread.so.0
- Reading symbols from /lib/i686/libm.so.6…done.
- Loaded symbols for /lib/i686/libm.so.6
- Reading symbols from /usr/lib/libz.so.1…done.
- Loaded symbols for /usr/lib/libz.so.1
- Reading symbols from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5…done.
- Loaded symbols for /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5
- Reading symbols from /lib/i686/libc.so.6…done.
- Loaded symbols for /lib/i686/libc.so.6
- Reading symbols from /lib/libgcc_s.so.1…done.
- Loaded symbols for /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
- Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2…done.
- Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2
- Reading symbols from /lib/libnss_files.so.2…done.
- Loaded symbols for /lib/libnss_files.so.2
- #0 0×4202cec1 in __strtoul_internal () from /lib/i686/libc.so.6
- (gdb)
- 进入gdb提示符,输入where,找到错误发生的位置和堆栈,如下:
- (gdb) where
- #0 0×4202cec1 in __strtoul_internal () from /lib/i686/libc.so.6
- #1 0×4202d4e7 in strtoul () from /lib/i686/libc.so.6
- #2 0×0804b4da in GetMaxIDFromDB (get_type=2, max_id=0×806fd20) at cmm_test_tool.c:788
- #3 0×0804b9d7 in ConstrctVODProgram (vod_program=0×40345bdc) at cmm_test_tool.c:946
- #4 0×0804a2f4 in TVRequestThread (arg=0×0) at cmm_test_tool.c:372
- #5 0×40021941 in pthread_start_thread () from /lib/i686/libpthread.so.0
- (gdb)
至此,可以看出文件出错的位置是函数 GetMaxIDFromDB ,两个参数分别是2和0×806fd20,这个函数位于源代码的788行,基于此,我们就可以有针对性的找到问题的根源,并加以解决