Analyze a docker instance start failure

 

错误信息：Cannot start container xxxxxxxxxxx | Error getting container xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  from driver devicemapper: Error mounting | invalid argument Error | failed to start containers

现象：4个Docker实例中，三个（基本没在使用）能正常启动，一个（内容最多的那个）不能正常启动。

触发诱因：服务器（Docker宿主机）意外断电。

[root@bogon ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@bogon ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
a91dadc56996        b1c89dd2c773        "/bin/auto_service.s   7 weeks ago         Exited (137) 23 hours ago                       mawen
91a542541bb1        b1c89dd2c773        "/bin/auto_service.s   8 weeks ago         Exited (128) 28 hours ago                       rgq
fc0a891e1861        68a34cb5482c        "/bin/auto_service.s   3 months ago        Exited (0) 28 hours ago                         songheng
79177df3ddc2        b1c89dd2c773        "/bin/auto_service.s   5 months ago        Exited (137) 23 hours ago                       guozhenya
[root@bogon ~]# docker start 91a542541bb1
Error response from daemon: Cannot start container 91a542541bb1: Error getting container 91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1 from driver devicemapper: Error mounting '/dev/mapper/docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1' on '/home/docker/images/devicemapper/mnt/91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1': invalid argument
Error: failed to start containers: [91a542541bb1]

Error response from daemon: Cannot start container 91a542541bb1: 
Error getting container 91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1 from driver devicemapper: 
Error mounting '/dev/mapper/docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1' 
on '/home/docker/images/devicemapper/mnt/91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1': 
invalid argument Error: failed to start containers: [91a542541bb1]

早期查到的原因及方案，并未解决此问题。

https://access.redhat.com/solutions/1565673

https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000003003635

https://www.lsproc.com/post/docker-faq/

https://blog.csdn.net/wangjia184/article/details/43151041

报错mount错误，无论是用GUI的磁盘管理工具，还是用如下命令行，都会报错。

[root@bogon mapper]# cd /dev/mapper/
[root@bogon mapper]# ll
total 0
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 236 Oct 16 20:08 control
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:22 docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:15 docker-253:2-13369361-pool -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:08 VolGroup-lv_home -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:08 VolGroup-lv_root -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:08 VolGroup-lv_swap -> ../dm-1
[root@bogon mapper]# sudo mkdir -p /mnt/base
[root@bogon mapper]# ll
total 0
crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 236 Oct 16 20:08 control
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:22 docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1 -> ../dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:15 docker-253:2-13369361-pool -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:08 VolGroup-lv_home -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:08 VolGroup-lv_root -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Oct 16 20:08 VolGroup-lv_swap -> ../dm-1
[root@bogon mapper]# mount docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1 /mnt/base
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

[root@bogon mapper]# dmesg | tail
EXT4-fs (dm-4): bad geometry: block count 5242880 exceeds size of device (2621440 blocks)
EXT4-fs (dm-4): bad geometry: block count 5242880 exceeds size of device (2621440 blocks)
EXT4-fs (dm-4): bad geometry: block count 5242880 exceeds size of device (2621440 blocks)

device mapper这个驱动的详细解释，很科普的一篇文章：

https://coolshell.cn/articles/17200.html

帖子留言更精彩。

http://www.cnblogs.com/GarfieldEr007/p/5424629.html

结论：DeviceMapper这种东西问题太多了，我们应该把其加入黑名单。

尝试各种方式修复Docker的硬盘文件，结果还是失败了。

[root@bogon mapper]# fsck.ext4 docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
The filesystem size (according to the superblock) is 5242880 blocks
The physical size of the device is 2621440 blocks
Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt!
Abort<y>? yes

[root@bogon mapper]# e2fsck docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
The filesystem size (according to the superblock) is 5242880 blocks
The physical size of the device is 2621440 blocks
Either the superblock or the partition table is likely to be corrupt!
Abort<y>? yes

[root@bogon mapper]# resize2fs docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
resize2fs: New size smaller than minimum (4808845)

[root@bogon mapper]# resize2fs docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1 52428800
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
The containing partition (or device) is only 2621440 (4k) blocks.
You requested a new size of 52428800 blocks.

各种尝试的方案：

https://access.redhat.com/solutions/55010

最后只能格式化了：

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/115698/fix-ext4-fs-bad-geometry-block-count-exceeds-size-of-device

https://serverfault.com/questions/548237/cant-mount-home-after-trying-to-resize-bad-geometry-block-count-exceeds-size

https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-hardware-18/size-in-superblock-is-different-from-the-physical-size-of-the-partition-298175/

mke2fs -t ext4 docker-253:2-13369361-91a542541bb1478834df2c40796fbbbba4a0448063d4401871c7f2b63e5246f1

另外的一些收获：

https://engineeringblog.yelp.com/2016/01/dumb-init-an-init-for-docker.html

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1121736

https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ee/rhel/#prerequisites

On Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Docker EE supports storage drivers, overlay2 and devicemapper. In Docker EE 17.06.2-ee-5 and higher, overlay2 is the recommended storage driver. The following limitations apply:

• OverlayFS: If selinux is enabled, the overlay2 storage driver is supported on RHEL 7.4 or higher. If selinux is disabled, overlay2 is supported on RHEL 7.2 or higher with kernel version 3.10.0-693 and higher.

• Device Mapper: On production systems using devicemapper, you must use direct-lvm mode, which requires one or more dedicated block devices. Fast storage such as solid-state media (SSD) is recommended. Do not start Docker until properly configured per the storage guide.

再分别聊聊Docker storage drivers

执行docker info：

　　Win10+Hyper-V

C:UsersRenGuoQiang>docker info
Containers: 2
 Running: 2
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
Images: 3
Server Version: 18.06.0-ce
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: d64c661f1d51c48782c9cec8fda7604785f93587
runc version: 69663f0bd4b60df09991c08812a60108003fa340
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.9.93-linuxkit-aufs
Operating System: Docker for Windows
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.934GiB
Name: linuxkit-00155df70119
ID: TPBZ:PK4T:IR52:NNN6:X4BI:2P4W:QBXD:T5ZH:4UAZ:HCPC:5QZY:HJ23
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): true
 File Descriptors: 34
 Goroutines: 55
 System Time: 2018-10-17T05:48:24.8681549Z
 EventsListeners: 1
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false

Ubuntu xx：

Storage Driver: aufs

centos6/7

[root@bogon mapper]# docker info
Containers: 4
Images: 41
Storage Driver: devicemapper
 Pool Name: docker-253:2-13369361-pool
 Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Data file: /dev/loop0
 Metadata file: /dev/loop1
 Data Space Used: 14.24 GB
 Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
 Data Space Available: 93.13 GB
 Metadata Space Used: 26.58 MB
 Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
 Metadata Space Available: 2.121 GB
 Udev Sync Supported: true
 Deferred Removal Enabled: false
 Data loop file: /home/docker/images/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
 Metadata loop file: /home/docker/images/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
 Library Version: 1.02.117-RHEL6 (2016-12-13)
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 4.4.161-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64
Operating System: <unknown>
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 31.43 GiB
Name: bogon
ID: KU2E:PTFN:25CJ:234F:LTHQ:7IEB:JMT6:T4NQ:UPB7:BOCV:LKQF:6QKX

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27800340/error-starting-docker-containers

This is known bug occuring with devicemapper driver only.

Here is the reference of the bug: https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/4036

Best solution is to switch either to aufs or overlayfs drivers.

Note that this question seems to be a duplicate from this one: Docker building fails randomly with Error mounting

用centos就容易被坑。