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  • Netty学习(五)-DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder

    上一节我们说了LineBasedframeDecoder来解决粘包拆包的问题,TCP以流的方式进行数据传输,上层应用协议为了对消息进行区分,一般采用如下4种方式:

    1. 消息长度固定,累计读取到消息长度总和为定长Len的报文之后即认为是读取到了一个完整的消息。计数器归位,重新读取。
    2. 将回车换行符作为消息结束符。
    3. 将特殊的分隔符作为消息分隔符,回车换行符是他的一种。
    4. 通过在消息头定义长度字段来标识消息总长度。

    LineBasedframeDecoder属于第二种,今天我们要说的DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder和FixedLengthFrameDecoder属于第三种和第一种。DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder用来解决以特殊符号作为消息结束符的粘包问题,FixedLengthFrameDecoder用来解决定长消息的粘包问题。下面首先来用DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder来写一个例子,我们看一下效果然后接着分析用法。

    1. DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder使用

    服务端:

    public class HelloWordServer {
        private int port;
    
        public HelloWordServer(int port) {
            this.port = port;
        }
    
        public void start(){
            EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            EventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    
            ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap().group(bossGroup,workGroup)
                                        .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                                        .childHandler(new ServerChannelInitializer());
    
            try {
                ChannelFuture future = server.bind(port).sync();
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
                workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            HelloWordServer server = new HelloWordServer(7788);
            server.start();
        }
    }

    服务端ServerChannelInitializer:

    public class ServerChannelInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
    
            ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("	".getBytes());
            pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(2048,delimiter));    
            // 字符串解码 和 编码
            pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
            pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
    
            // 自己的逻辑Handler
            pipeline.addLast("handler", new ServerHandler());
        }
    }

    服务端handler:

    public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        private int counter;
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            String body = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("server receive order : " + body + ";the counter is: " + ++counter);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
        }
    }

    客户端:

    public class HelloWorldClient {
        private  int port;
        private  String address;
    
        public HelloWorldClient(int port,String address) {
            this.port = port;
            this.address = address;
        }
    
        public void start(){
            EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ClientChannelInitializer());
    
            try {
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(address,port).sync();
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                group.shutdownGracefully();
            }
    
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            HelloWorldClient client = new HelloWorldClient(7788,"127.0.0.1");
            client.start();
        }
    }

    客户端ClientChannelInitializer:

    public class ClientChannelInitializer extends  ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
    
            /*
             * 这个地方的 必须和服务端对应上。否则无法正常解码和编码
             *
             *
             */       
            ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("	".getBytes());
            pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(2048,delimiter)); 
            pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
            pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
    
            // 客户端的逻辑
            pipeline.addLast("handler", new ClientHandler());
        }
    }

    客户端handler:

    public class ClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        private byte[] req;
        private int counter;
    
        public ClientHandler() {
             req = ("Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software	" +
                    "  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,	" +
                    "  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.	" +
                    "  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and	" +
                    "  limitations under the License.This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE	" +
                    "  style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the	" +
                    "  penSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native	" +
                    "  documentation.An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes	" +
                    "  every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone	" +
                    "  analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them	" +
                    "  on to the appropriate Host (virtual host)# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software	" +
                    "# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,	" +
                    "# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.	" +
                    "# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and	" +
                    "# limitations under the License.# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log	" +
                    "# each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:	" +
                    "#org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE	"
                    ).getBytes();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            ByteBuf message;
    
            message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
            message.writeBytes(req);
            ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            String buf = (String)msg;
            System.out.println("Now is : " + buf + " ; the counter is : "+ (++counter));
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            ctx.close();
        }
    }

    输出如下:

    server receive order : Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software;the counter is: 1
    server receive order :   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,;the counter is: 2
    server receive order :   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.;the counter is: 3
    server receive order :   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and;the counter is: 4
    server receive order :   limitations under the License.This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE;the counter is: 5
    server receive order :   style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the;the counter is: 6
    server receive order :   penSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native;the counter is: 7
    server receive order :   documentation.An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes;the counter is: 8
    server receive order :   every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone;the counter is: 9
    server receive order :   analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them;the counter is: 10
    server receive order :   on to the appropriate Host (virtual host)# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software;the counter is: 11
    server receive order : # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,;the counter is: 12
    server receive order : # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.;the counter is: 13
    server receive order : # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and;the counter is: 14
    server receive order : # limitations under the License.# For example, set the org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase logger to log;the counter is: 15
    server receive order : # each component that extends LifecycleBase changing state:;the counter is: 16
    server receive order : #org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.level = FINE;the counter is: 17

    启动服务端和客户端,我们能看到服务端接收客户端发过来的消息一共分17次接收。那么为什么是17次呢?而且我们并没有使用在上一篇中解决拆包和粘包问题的LineBasedFrameDecoder,并且这次我们的消息每一行的末尾也换成了” ”。下面就来讲解一下DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder的使用。

    DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder是将特殊的字符作为消息的分隔符,本例中用到的是” ”。而LineBasedFrameDecoder是默认将换行符” ”作为消息分隔符。首先我们注意到在ServerChannelInitializer中我们在添加解码器时跟以前有点不一样:

    ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("	".getBytes());
    pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(2048, delimiter));

    这里我们添加DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder解码器并且手动指定消息分隔符为:” ”。我们可以看一下DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder的构造方法:

    public DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(int maxFrameLength, boolean stripDelimiter, ByteBuf delimiter) {
            this(maxFrameLength, stripDelimiter, true, delimiter);
    }

    maxFrameLength:解码的帧的最大长度

    stripDelimiter:解码时是否去掉分隔符

    failFast:为true,当frame长度超过maxFrameLength时立即报TooLongFrameException异常,为false,读取完整个帧再报异常

    delimiter:分隔符

    这个时候大家应该明白了为什么服务端分17次收到消息。我们在消息的每一行都加了一个” ”,自然解码器在度消息时遇到” ”就会认为这是一条消息的结束。用这种方式我们可以把” ”换成任何我们自定义的字符对象。换成” ”也是可以的。

    2. FixedLengthFrameDecoder使用

    FixedLengthFrameDecoder是固定长度解码器,它能够按照指定的长度对消息进行自动解码。使用它也没有什么特别费力的事情,在ServerChannelInitializer类中添加:

    pipeline.addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(23));//参数为一次接受的数据长度

    即可,同时也别忘了把刚才使用的DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder注释掉啊,不然达不到效果。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/rickiyang/p/11074234.html
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