zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Request功能

    1.获取请求消息数据

    1. 获取请求行数据
    2. 获取请求头数据
    3. 获取请求体数据

    请求空行没必要获取


    1.获取请求行数据

      GET /虚拟目录 /servlet路径  ?请求参数 HTTP/1.1

      GET/day14/demo1?username=zhangsan

      方法:

    1.获取请求方式:GET

      String getMethod()

    2.获取虚拟目录:/day14。常用

      String getContextPath()

    3.获取servlet路径:/demo1

      String getServletPath()

    4.获取get方式的请求参数:username=zhangsan

      String getQueryString()

    5.获取请求的uri:/day14/demo1。常用

      String getRequestURI():返回/day14/demo1

      String getRequestURL():返回http://localhoust/day14/demo1

    6.获取协议和版本:HTTP/1.1

      String getProtocol()从ServletRequest继承而来

    7.获取客户机的IP地址

      String getRemoteAddr()从ServletRequest继承而来

     

     可以帮你继承HttpServlet复写两个方法

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-22 12:55
     * 演示
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestServlet")
    public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    //http://localhost:8080/ji/requestServlet?name=zhang&age=12
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //          1.获取请求方式:GET
    //        可以来判断请求方,根据请求方式不同,做出不同的代码逻辑处理
    //        HttpServlet内部已经写好了
            String method = request.getMethod();
            System.out.println(method);
    
    //        2.获取虚拟目录:/day14
            String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
            System.out.println(contextPath);
    
    //        3.获取servlet请求路径:/requestServlet
            String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
            System.out.println(servletPath);
    
    //        4.获取get方式的请求参数:name=zhang&age=12
    //        有更高级的
            String queryString = request.getQueryString();
            System.out.println(queryString);
    
    //        5.获取请求的uri:
            String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
            StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
    //        /ji/requestServlet
            System.out.println(requestURI);
    //        http://localhost:8080/ji/requestServlet
            System.out.println(requestURL);
    
    //        6.获取协议和版本:HTTP/1.1
            String protocol = request.getProtocol();
            System.out.println(protocol);
            
    //        7.获取客户机的IP地址:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
            String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
            System.out.println(remoteAddr);
        }
    }

     2.获取请求头数据常用

      方法

        String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值。常用

        Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有请求头的名称

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import jdk.nashorn.internal.objects.annotations.Where;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-22 14:04
     * 获取所有请求头数据
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
    public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        获取所有请求头名称
            Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
    //        遍历
            while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
    //              获取请求头名称
                String name = headerNames.nextElement();
    //              获取请求头对应的值
                String value = request.getHeader(name);
                System.out.println(name+":"+value);
            }
        }
    }
    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-22 17:05
     * user-agent访问的浏览器版本信息
     */
    @WebServlet("/RequestDemo3")
    public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        演示获取请求头数据user-agent
    //        不区分大小写
            String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
    
    //        判断浏览器版本,不同版本不同操作解决浏览器兼容问题
    //        contains判断是否存在包含关系
            if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
    //            谷歌
                System.out.println("谷歌");
            }else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
    //            火狐
                System.out.println("火狐");
            }
        }
    }

    referer请求从哪里来

    没有从别的超链接,点链接来访问
    直接从浏览器地址栏输入
            无法获取
    因为我没有从哪里来,直接访问的referer
    获取的是null

    不能直接访问,用超链接来实现
    返回:http://localhost:8080/ji/login.html
    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-23 12:35
     * referer请求从哪里来
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
    public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        演示获取请求头数据:referer请求从哪里来
            String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
            System.out.println(referer);
            /*
            没有从别的超链接,点链接来访问
            直接从浏览器地址栏输入
            无法获取
            因为我没有从哪里来,直接访问的referer
            获取的是null
    
            不能直接访问,用超链接来实现
            返回:http://localhost:8080/ji/login.html
             */
    
            //防盗链
            if (referer != null){
                if (referer.contains("ji")){
    //                正常访问
                    System.out.println("播放");
                }else{
    //                盗链
                    System.out.println("请访问优酷");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    创建另一个项目访问当前项目

    http://localhost:8080/ji/requestDemo4
    这个是直接访问referer的路径

     这时候Tomcat默认部署(发布)的就是hehe项目

    所以要新建一个Tomcat来部署(发布)servlet项目

     

     

    不能有两个8080端口

     启动hehe项目

     启动servlet项目

    从高清电影访问referer

     

     在页面上显示

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-23 12:35
     * referer请求从哪里来
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
    public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        演示获取请求头数据:referer请求从哪里来
            String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
            System.out.println(referer);
            /*
            没有从别的超链接,点链接来访问
            直接从浏览器地址栏输入
            无法获取
            因为我没有从哪里来,直接访问的referer
            获取的是null
    
            不能直接访问,用超链接来实现
            http://localhost:8080/ji/login.html
             */
    
            //防盗链
            if (referer != null){
                if (referer.contains("ji")){
    //                正常访问
                    System.out.println("播放");
    
    //                页面上显示
    //                如果要写中文
                    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    //                页面上显示的内容
                    response.getWriter().write("播放");
                }else{
    //                盗链
                    System.out.println("请访问优酷");
    
    //                页面上显示
    //                如果要写中文
                    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    //                页面上显示的内容
                    response.getWriter().write("请访问优酷");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    hehe项目的高清电影访问 

    servlet上的login访问

     3.获取请求体数据

    只有POST请求方式才有请求体,在请求体post中封装了请求参数

    request对象将请求体数据封装成流

    步骤:

    1. 获取流对象
    2. 再从流东西中拿数据

    获取流对象的方法:

    字符流:BufferedReader getReader():只能操作字符数据

    字节流:ServletInputStream getInputStream():可以操作所有类型数据,继承了InputStream,可以把它当做InputStream来用。

      文件上传是写

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-24 12:14
     * getReader()案例
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
    public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        1.获取请求消息体——请求参数
            BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
    //        2.读取数据
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine())!=null){
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    }

     

     post参数的格式和get参数的格式是一样的,只不过存放的位置不一样。

    常用的方法

    获取虚拟目录:/day14。

      String getContextPath()

    获取请求的uri:/day14/demo1。

      String getRequestURI():返回/day14/demo1

      String getRequestURL():返回http://localhoust/day14/demo1

    String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值。


    2.其他功能:重要

    基于第一类方法生成的,更方便使用request对象的方法

    1.获取请求参数——通用方式(可以兼容get和post)常用

    1.String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值。内部是通过流来获取的参数的值

                   例如:username=zhang&password=123,传username返回zhang,传password返回123

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-24 14:33
     * 获取请求参数
     * 1.String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
    public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        post获取请求参数
    //        getParameter根据参数名称获取参数值
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            System.out.println("post");
            System.out.println(username);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        get获取请求参数
    //        String username = request.getParameter("username");
    //        System.out.println("get");
    //        System.out.println(username);
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

     2.String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组。

                        例如hobby=xuexi&hobby=game,通过一个键可以获取两个值,把两个值封装成了一个数组。多用于复选框

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-24 14:33
     * 获取请求参数
     * 2.String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组。
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
    public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        根据参数名称获取参数值的数组。
            String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
            for (String hobby : hobbies) {
                System.out.println(hobby);
            }
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

    3.Enumeration<String> getParametNames():获取请求参数的名称的枚举

    方法是将发送请求页面中form表单里所有具有name属性的表单对象获取(包括button).返回一个Enumeration类型的枚举.

    通过Enumeration的hasMoreElements()方法遍历.再由nextElement()方法获得枚举的值.此时的值是form表单中所有控件的name属性的值.

    最后通过request.getParameter()方法获取表单控件的value值.

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.naming.Name;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-24 14:33
     * 获取请求参数
     * 3.Enumeration<String> getParametNames():获取请求参数的名称的枚举
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
    public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
            while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
                String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
                System.out.println(name);
                String value = request.getParameter(name);
                System.out.println(value);
                System.out.println("-------------");
            }
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

    没有获取到学习

    4.Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合。常用

         键是字符串,值是字符串数组。是为了防止上面那种情况,复选框只能获取一个值

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.naming.Name;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-24 14:33
     * 获取请求参数
     * 4.Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
    public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        获取所有参数的map集合
            Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
    //        遍历
            Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
            for (String name : keyset) {
    //            根据键获取值
                String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
                System.out.println(name);
                for (String value : values) {
                    System.out.println(value);
                }
                System.out.println("--------------");
            }
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

     

    解决请求参数中文乱码

    get方式:Tomcat8已经将乱码问题解决了

    post方式:会乱码

    解决方式:设置流的编码。

      以后页面多的时候无论get还是post在获取请求参数的时候就写上这个代码

    request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-27 11:08
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
    public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //        1.设置流的编码
            request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    //        获取请求参数username
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            System.out.println(username);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

    utf-8从哪里来的?

    2.请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式

    程序设计要求:功能单一,细化。不要把很多代码写到一个类里,方法里。不利于后期维护,不利于分工协作

    请求转发就是为了这个,A做完,丢给B

    步骤:

      1.通过request对象,获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)

      2.使用RequestDispatcher 对象转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-27 13:47
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
    public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("8被访问了");
    //        转发到demo9资源
            /*
            RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9");
            requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);
            不要这样写,把代码合成一行。
            因为requestDispatcher只用一次,只调用一次forward。这样写要单独创建变量不合算
            */
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

     

    特点:

      1.浏览器地址栏不发生变化

      2.只能转发到服务器的内部资源中

      3.转发是一次请求

    3.共享数据

    A做完丢给B的时候,需要告诉B干到哪了,之间需要数据通信的

    转发的时候才使用

     

     步骤:

      1.存储数据到request域中

      2.转发

      3.获取

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-27 13:47
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
    public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("8被访问了");
    //        1.存储数据到request域中
            request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
    //        2.转发
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-27 13:47
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
    public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            System.out.println("9被访问了");
    //        获取数据
            Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
            System.out.println(msg);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }

     

    4.获取ServletContext

    ServletContext getServletContext()

    package cn.itcast.web.request;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author 旗木五五开
     * @create 2020-02-27 14:31
     */
    @WebServlet("/requestDemo10")
    public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
            System.out.println(servletContext);
        }
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            this.doPost(request,response);
        }
    }
    
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/rijiyuelei/p/12404637.html
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