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  • VECTOR COMPUTATION

    COMPUTER OR GANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE DESIGNING FOR PERFORMANCE NINTH EDITION

    Although the performance of mainframe general-purpose computers continues to
    improve relentlessly, there continue to be applications that are beyond the reach of
    the contemporary mainframe. There is a need for computers to solve mathematical
    problems of physical processes, such as occur in disciplines including aerodynamics,
    seismology, meteorology, and atomic, nuclear, and plasma physics.
    Typically, these problems are characterized by the need for high precision
    and a program that repetitively performs floating-point arithmetic operations on
    large arrays of numbers. Most of these problems fall into the category known as
    continuous-field simulation. In essence, a physical situation can be described by a
    surface or region in three dimensions (e.g., the flow of air adjacent to the surface
    of a rocket). This surface is approximated by a grid of points. A set of differential
    equations defines the physical behavior of the surface at each point. The equations
    are represented as an array of values and coefficients, and the solution involves
    repeated arithmetic operations on the arrays of data.
    Supercomputers were developed to handle these types of problems. These
    machines are typically capable of billions of floating-point operations per second. In
    contrast to mainframes, which are designed for multiprogramming and intensive I/O,
    the supercomputer is optimized for the type of numerical calculation just described.
    The supercomputer has limited use and, because of its price tag, a limited
    market. Comparatively few of these machines are operational, mostly at research
    centers and some government agencies with scientific or engineering functions. As
    with other areas of computer technology, there is a constant demand to increase the
    performance of the supercomputer. Thus, the technology and performance of the
    supercomputer continues to evolve.
    There is another type of system that has been designed to address the need for
    vector computation, referred to as the array processor. Although a supercomputer
    is optimized for vector computation, it is a general-purpose computer, capable of
    handling scalar processing and general data processing tasks. Array processors do
    not include scalar processing; they are configured as peripheral devices by both
    mainframe and minicomputer users to run the vectorized portions of programs.

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/rsapaper/p/6253857.html
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