Ascii85 Algorithm

Ascii85 use five ASCII characters to represent four bytes of binary data (encoded size 25% larger), it is more efficient than Base64, which use four characters to represent three bytes of data (33% increase). This encode method is suitable for posting small blocks of binary data to BBS or forum as plain text. It is also used in Portable Document Format. I implemented this algoritm in C# when doing my PDF processor project. You can find more description about ASCII85 in Wikipedia.

    /// <summary>
    /// Adobe ASCII85 for encoding binary data in ASCII base-85
    /// </summary>
    public class ASCII85
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Maximum line length for encoded ASCII85 string; 
        /// set to zero for one unbroken line.
        /// </summary>
        public static int LineLength = 75;

        static uint[] pow85 = { 85 * 85 * 85 * 85, 85 * 85 * 85, 85 * 85, 85, 1 };

        /// <summary>
        /// Encodes binary data into a plaintext ASCII85 format string
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">binary data to encode</param>
        /// <returns>ASCII85 encoded string</returns>
        public static string Encode(byte[] data)
        {
            MemoryStream input = new MemoryStream(data);
            MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream();
            Encode(input, output);
            output.Position = 0;
            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(output, Encoding.ASCII);
            return reader.ReadToEnd();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Decodes an ASCII85 encoded string into the original binary data
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="code">ASCII85 encoded string</param>
        /// <returns>byte array of decoded binary data</returns>
        public static byte[] Decode(string code)
        {
            MemoryStream input = new MemoryStream(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(code));
            MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream();
            Decode(input, output);
            return output.ToArray();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Encodes the specified input.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="input">The input.</param>
        /// <param name="output">The output.</param>
        public static void Encode(Stream input, Stream output)
        {
            StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(output, Encoding.ASCII);
            uint word = 0;
            int count = 0;
            int linepos = 0;
            int code = input.ReadByte();
            while (code != -1)
            {
                word |= (uint)(code << (24 - (count * 8)));
                count++;
                if (count == 4)
                {
                    if (word == 0)
                    {
                        writer.Write('z');
                        linepos++;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        writer.Write(Encode(word));
                        linepos += 5;
                    }
                    word = 0;
                    count = 0;
                }
                if (linepos >= LineLength)
                {
                    writer.WriteLine();
                    linepos = 0;
                }
                code = input.ReadByte();
            }
            if (count > 0)
            {
                writer.Write(Encode(word), 0, count + 1);
            }
            writer.Write("~>");
            writer.Flush();
        }

        private static char[] Encode(uint word)
        {
            char[] group = new char[5];
            for (int i = group.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                group[i] = (char)(word % 85 + 33);
                word /= 85;
            }
            return group;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Decodes the specified input.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="input">The input.</param>
        /// <param name="output">The output.</param>
        public static void Decode(Stream input, Stream output)
        {
            BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(output);
            uint word = 0;
            int count = 0;
            int code = input.ReadByte();
            while (code != -1)
            {
                if (code == 122) // 'z'
                {
                    if (count == 0)
                    {
                        writer.Write((uint)0);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new Exception("A z character occurs in the middle of a group.");
                    }
                }
                else if (code >= 33 && code <= 117)
                {
                    word += (uint)((code - 33) * pow85[count]);
                    count++;
                    if (count == 5)
                    {
                        writer.Write(Word2Bytes(word));
                        word = 0;
                        count = 0;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    switch (code)
                    {
                        case 0:
                        case 9:  // HT
                        case 10: // LF
                        case 11: // VT
                        case 12: // FF
                        case 13: // CR
                        case 32: // SP
                            break;
                        case 126: // ~>
                            goto end;
                        default:
                            throw new Exception("Invalid character in ASCII85Decode:" + code);
                    }
                }
                code = input.ReadByte();
            }
        end:
            if (count > 0)
            {
                count--;
                word += pow85[count]; // add maximum remained value
                writer.Write(Word2Bytes(word), 0, count);
            }
            writer.Flush();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// split uint32 into bytes by big-endian order
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="word"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static byte[] Word2Bytes(uint word)
        {
            byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
            bytes[0] = (byte)((word & 0xFF000000) >> 24);
            bytes[1] = (byte)((word & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
            bytes[2] = (byte)((word & 0x0000FF00) >> 8);
            bytes[3] = (byte)(word & 0x000000FF);
            return bytes;
        }
    }