Django-admin管理工具

admin组件使用

Django提供了基于web的管理工具

Django自动管理工具是django.contrib的一部分,可以在项目的settings.py中的 INSTALLED_APPS看到

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    "app01"
]

激活管理工具

通常在生成项目时会在urls.py中自动设置好

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

使用管理工具

启动开发服务器,然后在浏览器中访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/, 得到登录界面,可以通过命令 python manage.py createsuperuser 来创建超级用户.

先注册数据模型

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.




class Author(models.Model):

    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()


    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Publish(models.Model):

    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Book(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField( max_length=32)
    publishDate=models.DateField()
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)

    publisher=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish")
    authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

admin的定制

在admin.py中只需要将model中的某个类注册,即可在admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)

但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:

#方式一:
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("user", "pwd")

admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)

#方式二:
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("user","pwd")

ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制的功能,如:

1. list_display 为列表时,定制显示的列(里面不能放多对多字段)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("user", "pwd", "xxx")

    def xxx(self, obj):
        return "xxx"

2. list_display_links 定制列可以点击跳转.(点击后进入编辑页面)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("user", "pwd", "xxx")
    list_display_links = ("pwd")

3.list_filter 定制右侧快速筛选(里面可以放一对多或多对多字段)

4.list_select_related 连表查询是否自动select_related

5.list_editable 可以编辑的列

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("user", "pwd")    
    list_editable = ("pwd")

6. search_fields 模糊搜索的功能

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     
    search_fields = ('user', 'pwd')

7. date_hierarchy 对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    date_hierarchy = 'ctime'

8. inlines 详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK, 那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除

class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
    extra = 0
    model = models.UserInfo
 
 
class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('id', 'title',)
    inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]

9. action 定制action中的操作

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    # 定制Action行为具体方法
    def func(self, request, queryset):
        print(self, request, queryset)
        print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))
 
    func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"
    actions = [func, ]
 
    # Action选项都是在页面上方显示
    actions_on_top = True
    # Action选项都是在页面下方显示
    actions_on_bottom = False
 
    # 是否显示选择个数
    actions_selection_counter = True

10. 定制HTML模板

add_form_template = None
change_form_template = None
change_list_template = None
delete_confirmation_template = None
delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
object_history_template = None

11. raw_id_fields 详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段编程以input框形式

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)

12. fields 详细页面时,显示字段的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fields = ('user',)

13. exclude 详细页面时,排除的字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    exclude = ('user',)

14. readonly_fields 详细页面时,只读字段

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    readonly_fields = ('user',)

15 fieldsets 详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        ('基本数据', {
            'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)
        }),
        ('其他', {
            'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'),  # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'
            'fields': ('user', 'pwd'),
        }),
    )

16. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)

17. ordering 数据排序规则

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ordering = ('-id',)
    或
    def get_ordering(self, request):
        return ['-id', ]

18 radio_fields 详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)

radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL}

19 form = ModelForm 用于定制用户请求时候表单验证

from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import fields
 
 
class MyForm(ModelForm):
    others = fields.CharField()
 
    class Meta:
        model = models = models.UserInfo
        fields = "__all__"
 
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 
    form = MyForm

20 empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"

@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    empty_value_display = "列数据为空时，默认显示"
 
    list_display = ('user','pwd','up')
 
    def up(self,obj):
        return obj.user
    up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时，默认显示"

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from .models import *




class BookInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
    extra = 0
    model = Book

class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ("title",'publishDate', 'price',"foo","publisher")
    list_display_links = ('publishDate',"price")
    list_filter = ('price',)
    list_editable=("title","publisher")
    search_fields = ('title',)
    date_hierarchy = 'publishDate'
    preserve_filters=False

    def foo(self,obj):

        return obj.title+str(obj.price)



    # 定制Action行为具体方法
    def func(self, request, queryset):
        print(self, request, queryset)
        print(request.POST.getlist('_selected_action'))

    func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions"
    actions = [func, ]
    # Action选项都是在页面上方显示
    actions_on_top = True
    # Action选项都是在页面下方显示
    actions_on_bottom = False

    # 是否显示选择个数
    actions_selection_counter = True



    change_list_template="my_change_list_template.html"



class PublishAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display = ('name', 'email',)
     inlines = [BookInline, ]



admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
admin.site.register(Publish,PublishAdmin)
admin.site.register(Author)