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  • javaweb-JSP(一)

    一、什么是JSP

      JSP全称java Servlet Pages,它和servlet技术一样,都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源技术。JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于,写jsp就像在写html,但是相对html而言,html只能为用户提供静态数据,而JSP技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码,为用户提供动态数据。

    二、JSP原理

    2.1、web服务器如何调用并执行一个JSP页面的?

      浏览器向服务器发请求你,不管访问的是什么资源,其实都是在访问Servlet,所以当访问一个jsp页面时,其实也是在访问一个Servlet,服务器在执行jsp的时候,首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet,所以我们访问jsp时,其实不是在访问jsp时,其实不是在访问jsp,而是在访问jspl翻译过后的那个Servlet,例如下面代码:

    index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>First Jsp</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Jsp</h1>
        <%
            String s = "Hello Jsp";
            out.print(s);        
        %>
    </body>
    </html>

      当浏览器访问index.jsp时,服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class,在Tomcat服务器的 盘:apache-tomcat-7.0.52workCatalinalocalhost estorgapachejsp 目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源文件index_jsp.java,index_jsp.java代码如下:

    /*
     * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat
     * Version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.52
     * Generated at: 2019-10-03 06:36:04 UTC
     * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to
     *       the last modified time of the source file after
     *       generation to assist with modification tracking.
     */
    package org.apache.jsp;
    
    import javax.servlet.*;
    import javax.servlet.http.*;
    import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
    
    public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
        implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
    
      private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory =
              javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
    
      private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants;
    
      private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
      private org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager;
    
      public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() {
        return _jspx_dependants;
      }
    
      public void _jspInit() {
        _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
        _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig());
      }
    
      public void _jspDestroy() {
      }
    
      public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
            throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {
    
        final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
        javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
        final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
        final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
        javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
        final java.lang.Object page = this;
        javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
        javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
    
    
        try {
          response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
          pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
                      null, true, 8192, true);
          _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
          application = pageContext.getServletContext();
          config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
          session = pageContext.getSession();
          out = pageContext.getOut();
          _jspx_out = out;
    
          out.write("
    ");
          out.write("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    ");
          out.write("<html>
    ");
          out.write("<head>
    ");
          out.write("<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    ");
          out.write("<title>First Jsp</title>
    ");
          out.write("</head>
    ");
          out.write("<body>
    ");
          out.write("	<h1>Jsp</h1>
    ");
          out.write("	");
    
            String s = "Hello Jsp";
            out.print(s);        
        
          out.write("
    ");
          out.write("</body>
    ");
          out.write("</html>");
        } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {
          if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){
            out = _jspx_out;
            if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
              try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
            if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
            else throw new ServletException(t);
          }
        } finally {
          _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
        }
      }
    }

      我们可以看到,index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的,通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码,可以知道在apache-tomcat-6.0.20-srcjavaorgapachejasper untime目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件,如下图所示:

      

    HttpJsBase源代码,如下所示:

    /*
     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
     * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
     * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
     * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
     * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
     * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
     * 
     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     * 
     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     * limitations under the License.
     */
    
    package org.apache.jasper.runtime;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
    
    import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
    
    /**
     * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
     *
     * @author Anil K. Vijendran
     */
    public abstract class HttpJspBase extends HttpServlet implements HttpJspPage {
        
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        protected HttpJspBase() {
        }
    
        @Override
        public final void init(ServletConfig config) 
            throws ServletException 
        {
            super.init(config);
            jspInit();
            _jspInit();
        }
        
        @Override
        public String getServletInfo() {
            return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
        }
    
        @Override
        public final void destroy() {
            jspDestroy();
            _jspDestroy();
        }
    
        /**
         * Entry point into service.
         */
        @Override
        public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
            throws ServletException, IOException 
        {
            _jspService(request, response);
        }
        
        @Override
        public void jspInit() {
        }
    
        public void _jspInit() {
        }
    
        @Override
        public void jspDestroy() {
        }
    
        protected void _jspDestroy() {
        }
    
        @Override
        public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, 
                                         HttpServletResponse response) 
            throws ServletException, IOException;
    }

      HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的,所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet,而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的,所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet,所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时,其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet,index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。

    2.2、jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的?

         out.write("<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    ");
          out.write("<html>
    ");
          out.write("<head>
    ");
          out.write("<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    ");
          out.write("<title>First Jsp</title>
    ");
          out.write("</head>
    ");
          out.write("<body>
    ");
          out.write("	<h1>Jsp</h1>
    ");
          out.write("	");
    
            String s = "Hello Jsp";
            out.print(s);        
        
          out.write("
    ");
          out.write("</body>
    ");
          out.write("</html>");
        } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) {

      在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码,如<%String s = "Hello Jsp"; out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻译成  String a = "Hello Jsp" ; out.print(s);,而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write("<html标签> ");的形式输出到浏览器。在jsp页面中编写的html排版标签都是以out.write("<html标签> ");的形式输出到浏览器,浏览器拿到html代码后才能够解析执行html代码。

    2.3、Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的?

      在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,当执行_jspService方法处理请求时,就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了,所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。

    2.4、Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给jsp提供一些什么java对象?      

      查看_jspService方法可以看到,Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给Jsp提供如下的8个java对象:

    final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;
    javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;
    final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;
    final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;
    javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;
    final java.lang.Object page = this;
    HttpServletRequest request;
    HttpServletResponse response;

    其中page对象,request和response已经完成了实例化,而其它5个没有实例化的对象通过下面的方式实例化

    pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true);
     _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
    application = pageContext.getServletContext();
    config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
    session = pageContext.getSession();
    out = pageContext.getOut();

    这8个java对象在Jsp页面中是可以直接使用的,如下所示:

    <%
            session.setAttribute("name", "session对象"); //使用session设置,设置session对象属性
            out.print(session.getAttribute("name") + "<br/>"); //获取session对象的属性
            pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext对象"); //使用pageContext对象,设置pageContext属性
            out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name"));//获取pageContext对象的属性
            application.setAttribute("name", "application对象");//使用application对象,设置application对象的属性
            out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取application对象的属性
            out.print("Hello Jsp"+"<br/>");//使用out对象
            out.print("服务器调用index.jsp页面时翻译成的类的名字是:"+page.getClass()+"<br/>");//使用page对象
            out.print("处理请求的Servlet的名字是:"+config.getServletName()+"<br/>");//使用config对象
            out.print(response.getContentType()+"<br/>");//使用response对象
            out.print(request.getContextPath()+"<br/>");//使用request对象
            
        %>

    结果:

    2.5、Jsp最佳实践

      Jsp最佳实践就是jsp技术在开发中该怎么去用。

      不管是JSP还是Servlet,虽然都可以用于开发动态web资源。但由于这2门技术各自的特点,在长期的软件实践中,人们逐渐把servlet作为web应用中的控制器组件来使用,而把JSP技术作为数据显示模板来使用。其原因为,程序的数据通常要美化后再输出:让jsp既用java代码产生动态数据,又做美化会导致页面难以维护。让servlet既产生数据,又在里面嵌套html代码美化数据,同样也会导致程序可读性差,难以维护。因此最好的办法就是根据这两门技术的特点,让它们各自负责各的,servlet只负责响应请求产生数据,并把数据通过转发技术带给jsp,数据的显示jsp来做。

    2.6、Tomcat服务器的执行流程

      

    第一次执行:

    1. 客户端通过电脑连接服务器,因为是请求是动态的,所以所有的请求交给WEB容器来处理
    2. 在容器中找到需要执行的*.jsp文件
    3. 之后*.jsp文件通过转换变为*.java文件
    4. *.java文件经过编译后,形成*.class文件
    5. 最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件

    第二次执行:

    1. 因为已经存在了*.class文件,所以不在需要转换和编译的过程

    修改后执行:

           1.源文件已经被修改过了,所以需要重新转换,重新编译。

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sacai/p/11619664.html
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