RHEL7虚拟机实验快照

配置虚拟机连接网络

首先确保NetworkManager服务正常运行

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl status  NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-08-07 00:21:59 EDT; 2min 58s ago
 Main PID: 1192 (NetworkManager)
   CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
           └─1192 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon

Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): dev...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0): device ...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): dev...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0): device ...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  NetworkManager st...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0): Activat...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): dev...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): Act...
Aug 07 00:22:09 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): lin...
Aug 07 00:22:14 administrator NetworkManager[1192]: <info>  (virbr0-nic): lin...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

PING本机

[root@administrator ~]# ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.092 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.091 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.092 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
^C
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.058/0.091/0.100/0.015 ms

PING百度

[root@administrator ~]# ping baidu.com
ping: unknown host baidu.com

PING百度无法PING通，下面开始配置
两种配置方式：修改配置文件/使用图形界面工具

1. 修改网卡配置文件

打开配置文件

[root@administrator ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736

修改前的原配置文件

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=ea5c55cd-2fcf-4ed8-a31d-90e86fe56925
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=no

修改后的配置文件

TYPE=Ethernet
#static/none/dhcp 桥接模式设置为dhcp即可
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yesgi
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=ea5c55cd-2fcf-4ed8-a31d-90e86fe56925
DEVICE=eno16777736
#启用
ONBOOT=yes

重启网络服务

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl restart network

再次PING百度，虚拟机已经能正常上网

[root@administrator ~]# ping baiu.com
PING baiu.com (222.76.218.234) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=1 ttl=119 time=52.1 ms
64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=2 ttl=119 time=133 ms
64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=3 ttl=119 time=52.1 ms
64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=4 ttl=119 time=50.7 ms
64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=5 ttl=119 time=54.0 ms
64 bytes from baiu.com (222.76.218.234): icmp_seq=6 ttl=119 time=53.3 ms
^C
--- baiu.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5009ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 50.727/65.890/133.046/30.051 ms

设置为固定IP上网

C:Usersadmin>ipconfig

Windows IP Configuration

Wireless LAN adapter Local Area Connection* 2:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::55e1:aa5d:1373:732d%19
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.19.1
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :

Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::89ce:2f34:2be5:2f22%20
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.72.1
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :

Wireless LAN adapter Wi-Fi:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : DHCP HOST
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::549b:37ee:8982:a1a0%6
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.104
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1

Tunnel adapter isatap.DHCP HOST:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : DHCP HOST

Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
   IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:9d38:6abd:2cd8:158e:5422:ffa6
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::2cd8:158e:5422:ffa6%4
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ::

Tunnel adapter isatap.{D7907800-61F5-4BB5-8D20-E1F1ECB51622}:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

Tunnel adapter isatap.{077C386B-1B8A-408E-9D76-EF1AAA015440}:

   Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :

C:Usersadmin>

从上面看出宿主机的网段在0网段:192.168.0.1（默认网关）
设置在这个网段内即可（确保你设置的ip没有在局域网内已经被使用）
再次修改配置文件为如下配置：

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.0.254
PREFIX=32
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=ea5c55cd-2fcf-4ed8-a31d-90e86fe56925  
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=yes

配置说明

BOOTPROTO：IP地址类型 值为none/static/dhcp，配置为静态ip设置为none或者static
IPADDR：IP地址
ONBOOT：是否启动
PREFIX：掩码长度
DNS1：DNS SERVER
GATEWAY：默认网关

修改完毕后重启网络服务并PING百度已能正常上网

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@administrator ~]# ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (180.149.132.47) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=66.2 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=65.3 ms
64 bytes from 180.149.132.47: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=60.6 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 60.692/64.111/66.296/2.466 ms

2. 使用图形界面工具NetworkManager TUI

[root@administrator ~]# nmtui

然后根据图形界面傻瓜式操作即可

关闭防火墙并设置开机自动关闭

查看防火墙状态

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-08-07 02:44:34 EDT; 6min ago
 Main PID: 1025 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─1025 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Aug 07 02:44:28 administrator systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firew....
Aug 07 02:44:34 administrator systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewa....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

关闭防火墙

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

设置开机自动关闭

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl disable firewall

再次查看防火墙状态发现已经成功关闭

[root@administrator ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2016-08-07 02:53:09 EDT; 1min 31s ago
 Main PID: 1025 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Aug 07 02:44:28 administrator systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firew....
Aug 07 02:44:34 administrator systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewa....
Aug 07 02:53:08 administrator systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firew....
Aug 07 02:53:09 administrator systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewa....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

关闭selinux并设置开机自动关闭

临时关闭：本次操作后关闭，下次重启依然会开启

[root@administrator ~]# setenforce 0

永久关闭

[root@administrator ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

原配置文件

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

修改为

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

设置光盘开机自动挂载

[root@administrator ~]# vim /etc/fstab

原配置文件

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Aug  7 08:42:09 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=b2cf3412-1b3b-48b7-a16a-d971b50b1660 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

在最后添加下面的配置保存退出

/dev/cdrom              /mnt                    iso9660 defaults        0 0

验证并查看是否挂载成功

[root@administrator ~]# mount -a
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@administrator ~]# df
Filesystem            1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root  49746196 3244372  46501824   7% /
devtmpfs                1001236       0   1001236   0% /dev
tmpfs                   1016776     144   1016632   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   1016776    9144   1007632   1% /run
tmpfs                   1016776       0   1016776   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                508588  143104    365484  29% /boot
tmpfs                    203356       4    203352   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                    203356      16    203340   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                3947824 3947824         0 100% /mnt

配置本地yum源

配置本地yum源之前先挂载系统盘
切换到/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下，删除该目录下的所有文件(请勿在真机操作：先备份)

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# ll
total 0

创建yum源配置文件

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# vim redhat.repo

添加以下内容 保存退出

[local-repository]
name=local-repository
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

查看以下刚才编辑的内容

administrator yum.repos.d]# cat local.repo
[local-repository]
name=local-repository
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

清空yum缓存

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
              : manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Cleaning repos: local-repository
Cleaning up everything

生成缓存列表（软件包的数量上千个，只截取了前面几个）

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# yum list
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
              : manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
local-repository                                         | 4.1 kB     00:00     
(1/2): local-repository/group_gz                           | 136 kB   00:00     
(2/2): local-repository/primary_db                         | 3.6 MB   00:00     
Installed Packages
GConf2.x86_64                          3.2.6-8.el7              @anaconda/7.2   
ModemManager.x86_64                    1.1.0-8.git20130913.el7  @anaconda/7.2   
ModemManager-glib.x86_64               1.1.0-8.git20130913.el7  @anaconda/7.2   
NetworkManager.x86_64                  1:1.0.6-27.el7           @anaconda/7.2   
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64             1:1.0.6-27.el7           @anaconda/7.2   

统计上面操作的结果行数：大约有4000个以上的软件包

[root@administrator yum.repos.d]# yum list | wc -l
4734

创建快照

上述步骤全部操作完毕后，使用VMWare Workstation创建一个快照供以后使用