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  • 使用 Kafka 和 ELK 搭建测试日志系统(1)

    本文仅供自己学习,不合适转载。

     这是两篇文章的第一部分。

    1. 安装 ELK 

    1.1 安装 ElasticSearch

    在海航云上创建一个 Ubutu 16.4 虚机,2核4GB内存。

    (1)执行以下命令,更新系统

    sudo apt-get update -y
    sudo apt-get upgrade -y

    (2)安装 Java

    sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:webupd8team/java
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer -y

    (3)安装ES

    wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.2.2.deb
    sudo dpkg -i elasticsearch-5.2.2.deb

    修改/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml:

    • 将 network.host 修改为本机 ip 即 192.168.10.102
    • 将 http.port 修改为 9200
    • 将 cluster.name 修改为 elk-test

    重启 ES并检查服务状态:

    root@elk:/home/ubuntu# service elasticsearch restart
    root@elk:/home/ubuntu# service elasticsearch status
    ● elasticsearch.service - Elasticsearch
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service; disabled; vendor preset: enab
       Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-09-30 11:23:17 CST; 3s ago
         Docs: http://www.elastic.co
      Process: 3861 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-systemd-pre-exec (code=
     Main PID: 3864 (java)
        Tasks: 15
       Memory: 2.1G
          CPU: 4.511s

    1.2 安装 Nginx 和 Logstash

    创建另一台虚机,安装 Nginx 和 Logstash。

    1.2.1 安装 Nginx

    apt-get install nginx

    Ubuntu安装之后的文件结构大致为:

    • 所有的配置文件都在/etc/nginx下,并且每个虚拟主机已经安排在了/etc/nginx/sites-available下
    • 程序文件在/usr/sbin/nginx
    • 日志放在了/var/log/nginx中
    • 并已经在/etc/init.d/下创建了启动脚本nginx
    • 默认的虚拟主机的目录设置在了/var/www/nginx-default (有的版本 默认的虚拟主机的目录设置在了/var/www, 请参考/etc/nginx/sites-available里的配置)

    启动并查看服务状态:

    root@elk:/home/ubuntu# /etc/init.d/nginx start
    [ ok ] Starting nginx (via systemctl): nginx.service.
    root@elk:/home/ubuntu# /etc/init.d/nginx status
    ● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
       Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
       Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-09-30 11:40:59 CST; 1min 8s ago
     Main PID: 4320 (nginx)
       CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
               ├─4320 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
               ├─4321 nginx: worker process
               └─4322 nginx: worker process
    
    Sep 30 11:40:59 elk systemd[1]: Starting A high performance web server and a reverse pro...r...
    Sep 30 11:40:59 elk systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse prox...ver.
    Sep 30 11:42:06 elk systemd[1]: Started A high performance web server and a reverse prox...ver.
    Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

    为了测试起见,将端口修改为 88.修改文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default,并重启 Nginx 服务:

    server {
            listen 88 default_server;
            listen [::]:88 default_server;

    鉴于该服务器没有设置公网IP,在其路由器上设置端口转发规则,使得可以通过路由器的EIP的88端口访问到它上面的Nginx服务:

    在浏览器上测试,Nginx 可用:

    1.2.2 安装和配置 Logstash

    wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-5.2.2.tar.gz
    tar zxvf logstash-5.2.2.tar.gz
    ln -s logstash-5.2.2 logstash

    创建文件 nginxlog2es.conf,内容如下。它会将 Nginx 的日志文件 /var/log/nginx/access.log_json 中的日志发到 ES 服务器 192.168.10.102:9200:

    input {
        file {
            path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log_json"
            codec => "json"
        }
    }
    filter {
        mutate {
            split => [ "upstreamtime", "," ]
        }
        mutate {
            convert => [ "upstreamtime", "float" ]
        }
    }
    output {
      stdout { codec => rubydebug }
      elasticsearch {
            hosts => ["192.168.10.102:9200"]
            index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
            document_type => "%{type}"
            flush_size => 20000
            idle_flush_time => 10
            sniffing => true
            template_overwrite => true
        }
    }

     修改 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf,添加:

    ##
            # Logging Settings
            ##
    
            log_format json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
              '"host":"$server_addr",'
              '"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
              '"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
              '"responsetime":$request_time,'
              '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
              '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
              '"http_host":"$host",'
              '"url":"$uri",'
              '"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
              '"referer":"$http_referer",'
              '"agent":"$http_user_agent",'
              '"status":"$status"}';
            access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log_json json;

    重启 Nginx 服务,在浏览器上刷新页面,查看 Nginx 日志,

    {"@timestamp":"2017-09-30T12:44:19+08:00","host":"192.168.10.104","clientip":"140.206.84.10","size":0,"responsetime":0.000,"upstreamtime":"-","upstreamhost":"-","http_host":"120.132.124.103","url":"/index.nginx-debian.html","xff":"-","referer":"-","agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.101 Safari/537.36","status":"304"}

    启动logstash,

    nohup logstash/bin/logstash -f nginxlog2es.conf > /tmp/logstash.log 2>&1 &

    刷新 Nginx 页面,能看到 logstash 收集到的 Nginx 日志:

    {
             "referer" => "-",
               "agent" => "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.101 Safari/537.36",
           "http_host" => "120.132.124.103",
                 "url" => "/index.nginx-debian.html",
                "path" => "/var/log/nginx/access.log_json",
        "upstreamhost" => "-",
          "@timestamp" => 2017-09-30T04:48:23.000Z,
                "size" => 0,
            "clientip" => "140.206.84.10",
                "host" => "192.168.10.104",
            "@version" => "1",
        "responsetime" => 0.0,
                 "xff" => "-",
        "upstreamtime" => [
            [0] 0.0
        ],
              "status" => "304"
    }

    1.3 安装 Kibana

    wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-5.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
    ln -s kibana-5.2.2-linux-x86_64 kibana

    修改配置文件 kibana/config/kibana.yml,

    server.host: "192.168.10.102"
    elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.10.102:9200"

    启动 kibana,

    nohup kibana/bin/kibana > /tmp/kibana.log 2>&1 &

    在浏览器里面输入 http://120.132.124.103:5601/ 就可以打开 kibana 页面了。可以看到Nginx 的日志:

    1.4 小结

    从上面的步骤可以看出,ELK 的结构相对简单:

    • Logstack 负责收集日志,并推送到 ES 中
    • ES 负责存储
    • Kibana 负责界面展示

    ELK 的总体架构如下:

     

    但是,这种架构有不少问题,其中问题之一是处理能力问题。bol.com 公司有如下的ELK架构演进路线:

    (1)初始架构(2013年)

    问题是单实例的 logstash 有性能瓶颈。

    (2)使用 redis 缓存以及多个 logstash 实例(2014年)

    使用 redis 作为消息缓存,使用多实例 Logstash 增加处理性能。

     

    参考链接:

    https://devops.profitbricks.com/tutorials/install-and-configure-apache-kafka-on-ubuntu-1604-1/

    http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoqi/p/elk-part1.html 

    https://www.slideshare.net/TinLe1/elk-atlinked-in

    https://www.slideshare.net/renzotoma39/scaling-an-elk-stack-at-bolcom-39412550

    https://www.elastic.co/blog/logstash-kafka-intro

    https://www.elastic.co/blog/just-enough-kafka-for-the-elastic-stack-part2

    https://www.elastic.co/blog/just-enough-kafka-for-the-elastic-stack-part1

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sammyliu/p/7614209.html
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