Hadoop分布式集群部署(单namenode节点)

Hadoop分布式集群部署

系统系统环境：

OS: CentOS 6.8
内存：2G
CPU：1核
Software：jdk-8u151-linux-x64.rpm
　　　　　  hadoop-2.7.4.tar.gz

hadoop下载地址：

sudo wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.4/hadoop-2.7.4.tar.gz

主机列表信息：

主机名	IP 地址	安装软件	Hadoop role	Node role
hadoop-01	192.168.153.128	Jdk,hadoop	NameNode	namenode
hadoop-02	192.168.153.129	Jdk,hadoop	DataNode	datenode
hadoop-03	192.168.153.130	Jdk,hadoop	DataNode	datenode

基础配置：

1.Hosts文件设置(三台主机的host文件需要保持一致)

[root@hadoop-01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#######################################
192.168.153.128 hadoop-01
192.168.153.129 hadoop-02
192.168.153.130 hadoop-03

2.创建hadoop账户，使用该账户运行hadoop服务(三台主机都创建hadoop用户),创建hadoop用户，设置拥有sudo权限

[root@hadoop-01 ~]# useradd hadoop && echo hadoop | passwd --stdin hadoop
Changing password for user hadoop.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@hadoop-01 ~]# echo "hadoop ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

3.生成SSH免秘钥认证文件(在三台主机都执行)

[root@hadoop-01 ~]# su - hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa

4.SSH密钥认证文件分发.

1.>将hadoop-01的公钥信息复制到另外两台机器上面

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.128
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.129
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.130

测试ssh免密码登录

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.128
Last login: Wed Nov 15 22:37:10 2017 from hadoop-01
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.128 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.129
Last login: Wed Nov 15 22:37:10 2017 from hadoop-01
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.129 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.130
Last login: Thu Nov 16 07:46:35 2017 from hadoop-01
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.130 closed.

2.>分发hadoop@hadoop-02的公钥到其他两台主机.

hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.128
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.129
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.130

测试hadoop@hadoop-02 ssh免密码登录其他三台主机，包括自己本身的登录.

[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.128
Last login: Sat Oct 28 19:37:16 2017 from hadoop-01
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.128 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.129
Last login: Wed Nov 15 21:26:12 2017 from hadoop-01
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.129 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.130
Last login: Thu Nov 16 06:35:35 2017 from hadoop-01
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ 
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.130 closed.

3.>分发hadoop@hadoop-03的公钥到其他两台主机.

[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.128
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.129
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.153.130

测试hadoop@hadoop-03的免秘钥分发.

[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.128
Last login: Sat Oct 28 19:43:39 2017 from hadoop-02
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.128 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.129
Last login: Wed Nov 15 21:32:31 2017 from hadoop-02
[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.129 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ ssh 192.168.153.130
Last login: Thu Nov 16 06:41:53 2017 from hadoop-02
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.153.130 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-03 ~]$

这样三台机器都可以互相免密钥访问, ssh-copy-id会以追加的方式进行密钥的分发.

在root@hadoop-01上面上传下载软件，然后使用scp分发到02、03节点，速度更快.

5.安装jdk(三台主机jdk安装)

[root@hadoop-01 ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u151-linux-x64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:jdk1.8                 ########################################### [100%]
[root@hadoop-01 ~]# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151/
[root@hadoop-01 ~]# export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@hadoop-01 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_151"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)

6、安装hadoop:

[hadoop@hadoop-01~]$ wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.4/hadoop-2.7.4-src.tar.gz
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ sudo tar zxvf hadoop-2.7.4.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/ && cd /home/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ sudo mv hadoop-2.7.4/ hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop hadoop/

#将hadoop的二进制目录添加到PATH变量，并设置HADOOP_HOME环境变量

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop/
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH　　

二.配置文件修改

修改hadoop的配置文件.

配置文件位置：/home/hadoop/hadoop/etc/hadoop

1.修改hadoop-env.sh配置文件,指定JAVA_HOME为JAVA的安装路径

export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}
修改为：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151/

2. 修改yarn-env.sh文件.

指定yran框架的java运行环境，该文件是yarn框架运行环境的配置文件，需要修改JAVA_HOME的位置

# export JAVA_HOME=/home/y/libexec/jdk1.6.0/
修改为:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_151/

3. 修改slaves文件.

指定DataNode数据存储服务器，将所有的DataNode的机器的主机名写入到此文件中，如下：

[hadoop@hadoop-01 hadoop]$ cat slaves 
hadoop-02
hadoop-03

4.修改core-site.xml文件.在<configuration>……</configuration>中添加如下：

<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://hadoop-01:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>io.file.buffer.size</name>
<value>131072</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/tmp</value>
<description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
</property>
</configuration>

5. 修改hdfs-site.xml配置文件,在<configuration>……</configuration>中添加如下：　　

<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
<value>hadoop-01:9001</value>
<description># 通过web界面来查看HDFS状态 </description>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>2</value>
<description># 每个Block有2个备份</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>

6. 修改mapred-site.xml

指定Hadoop的MapReduce运行在YARN环境

[hadoop@hadoop-01 hadoop]$ cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
[hadoop@hadoop-01 hadoop]$ vim mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
<value>hadoop-01:10020</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
<value>hadoop-01:19888</value>
</property>
</configuration>

7.> 修改yarn-site.xml          

#该文件为yarn架构的相关配置

<configuration>
<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->

<property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-01:8032</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-01:8030</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-01:8031</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-01:8033</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-01:8088</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
        <value>1024</value>
</property>
<property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores</name>
        <value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>

三.节点分发

复制hadoop到其他节点

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop/ 192.168.153.129:/home/hadoop/
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop/ 192.168.153.130:/home/hadoop/　　

四、初始化及服务启停.

1.在hadoop-01使用hadoop用户初始化NameNode.

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/bin/hdfs namenode -format
17/10/28 22:54:33 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hadoop-01/192.168.153.128
************************************************************/
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ echo $?
0
说明执行成功.
[root@localhost ~]# tree /home/hadoop/dfs
/home/hadoop/dfs
├── data
└── name
    └── current
        ├── fsimage_0000000000000000000
        ├── fsimage_0000000000000000000.md5
        ├── seen_txid
        └── VERSION

2.启停hadoop服务:

/home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/start-dfs.sh
/home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/stop-dfs.sh

启动服务:

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop-01]
hadoop-01: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-01.out
hadoop-03: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop-03.out
hadoop-02: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-hadoop-02.out
Starting secondary namenodes [hadoop-01]
hadoop-01: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-01.out

3.查看服务状态.

namenode节点(hadoop-01)上面查看进程

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ps aux | grep --color namenode

或者使用jps查看是否有namenode进程

#DataNode上面查看进程(在hadoop-02、hadoop-03)上查看

#ps aux | grep --color datanode

或者jps命令查看：

4.启动yarn分布式计算框架:

在 hadoop-01上启动ResourceManager

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/start-yarn.sh starting yarn daemons
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-01.out
hadoop-02: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop-02.out
hadoop-03: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-hadoop-03.out
[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$

#NameNode节点上查看进程

#DataNode节点上查看进程nodemanager进程.

[hadoop@hadoop-02 ~]$ ps aux |grep --color nodemanager

5.启动jobhistory服务，查看mapreduce状态

#在NameNode节点上

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver
starting historyserver, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop/logs/mapred-hadoop-historyserver-hadoop-01.out

至此单节点namenode的集群环境部署完成，单节点的启停操作都是在nameserve(hadoop-01)端操作的

注：start-dfs.sh和start-yarn.sh这两个脚本可用start-all.sh代替

/home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/stop-all.sh
/home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/start-all.sh

启动：

[hadoop@hadoop-01 hadoop]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/start-all.sh

[hadoop@hadoop-01 hadoop]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/sbin/stop-all.sh

6.查看HDFS分布式文件系统状态

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/bin/hdfs dfsadmin -report

#查看文件块组成，一个文件由那些块组成

[hadoop@hadoop-01 ~]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop/bin/hdfs fsck / -files -blocks

 web页面查看hadoop集群状态

查看HDFS状态：http://192.168.153.128:50070

查看Hadoop集群状态: http://192.168.153.128:8088/cluster

登录web也成功，至此环境部署完成.