APP接口自动化测试JAVA+TestNG(三)之HTTP接口测试实例

转载自：http://www.cnblogs.com/findyou/p/5388853.html

说明，本文为学习参考，将于一段时间后删除。

前言
    前两篇普及相关基础知识后，本篇主要对举例对国家气象局接口自动化测试进行讲解(Get请求及结果断言)，以达到自动化测试入门目的，除了前两篇的一些了解外，需要有一定的JAVA知识（HTTP相关）。

目录

3.1 HTTP接口(GET)测试实例

3.1.1 待测接口说明

3.1.2 新建JAVA工程

1.工程目录说明

2.Common.java源码

3.getCityWeathe.java源码

4.URLConnection.java源码

3.1.3 编写测试用例

1.测试用例

2.简化后的用例

3.1.4 执行测试用例

以下实例均为本次总结再次编写，,如转载还请保留出处与作者姓名Findyou，谢谢！ 

3.1.1 待测接口说明

1.国家气象局天气预报接口

例：北京市天气

1. 接口的址：http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101010100.html
2. 请求方式：GET
3. 请求结果：

{
    "weatherinfo": {
        "city": "北京",
        "cityid": "101010100",
        "temp1": "15℃",
        "temp2": "5℃",
        "weather": "多云",
        "img1": "d1.gif",
        "img2": "n1.gif",
        "ptime": "08:00"
    }
}

2.测试目标

请求对应cityid代码，返回的城市是否是预期城市。

3.1.2 新建JAVA工程

步骤同上一篇2.2.2.1新建JAVA工程，不再复述，如不懂请百度Eclipse新建工程

1.工程结构说明

 

2.Common.java源码 

package findyou.Interface;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONException;
import org.codehaus.jettison.json.JSONObject;
public class Common {
    /**
     * 解析Json内容
     * 
     * @author Findyou
     * @version 1.0 2015/3/23
     * @return JsonValue 返回JsonString中JsonId对应的Value
     **/
    public static String getJsonValue(String JsonString, String JsonId) {
        String JsonValue = "";
        if (JsonString == null || JsonString.trim().length() < 1) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(JsonString);
            JsonValue = (String) obj1.getString(JsonId);
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return JsonValue;
    }
}

3.getCityWeathe.java源码 

package findyou.Interface;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
public class getCityWeather {
    private String url="";
    
    public String geturl() {
        return url;
    }

    public String getHttpRespone(String cityCode) throws IOException {
        String line = "";
        String httpResults = "";
        url=("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/"
                + cityCode + ".html");
        try {
            HttpURLConnection connection = URLConnection
                    .getConnection(url);
            DataOutputStream out = null;
            // 建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                httpResults = httpResults + line.toString();
            }
            reader.close();
            // 断开连接
            connection.disconnect();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return httpResults;
    }
}

4.URLConnection.java源码 

package findyou.Interface;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLConnection {    
    public static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String url){
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        try {
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            URL postUrl = new URL(url);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection();
             // 设置通用的请求属性
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        return connection;
    }
}

3.1.3 编写测试用例

1.测试用例(常见"二"一般的写法) 

package findyou.testcase;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import findyou.Interface.Common;
import findyou.Interface.getCityWeather;
public class test {
    public String httpResult= null, weatherinfo= null, city=null,exp_city = null;
    public static String cityCode="";    
    public static getCityWeather weather=new getCityWeather();

    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShenZhen_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="深圳";
        cityCode="101280601";
        Reporter.log("【正常用例】:获取"+exp_city+"天气成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("请求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回结果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例结果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city);
    }
    
    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getBeiJing_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="北京";
        cityCode="101010100";
        Reporter.log("【正常用例】:获取"+exp_city+"天气成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("请求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回结果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例结果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city);
    }
    
    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShangHai_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="上海";
        cityCode="101020100";
        Reporter.log("【正常用例】:获取"+exp_city+"天气成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("请求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回结果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例结果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city);
    }    
}

2.简化后的用例

如何返回值格式与请求格式固定，用例优化如下

package findyou.testcase;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import findyou.Interface.Common;
import findyou.Interface.getCityWeather;
public class test {
    public String httpResult= null, weatherinfo= null, city=null,exp_city = null;
    public static String cityCode="";
    getCityWeather weather=new getCityWeather();
    
    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShenZhen_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="深圳";
        cityCode="101280601";
        resultCheck(cityCode, exp_city);
    }
    
    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getBeiJing_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="北京";
        cityCode="101010100";
        resultCheck(cityCode, exp_city);
    }
    
    @Test(groups = { "BaseCase"})
    public void getShangHai_Succ() throws IOException{
        exp_city="上海";
        cityCode="101020100";
        resultCheck(cityCode, exp_city);
    }
    
    public void resultCheck(String cityCode_str, String exp_city_str) throws IOException{
        Reporter.log("【正常用例】:获取"+exp_city_str+"天气成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode_str);
        Reporter.log("请求地址: "+weather.geturl());
        Reporter.log("返回结果: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("用例结果: resultCode=>expected: " + exp_city_str + " ,actual: "+ city);
        Assert.assertEquals(city,exp_city_str);        
    }
}

  

工程下载地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mhyTNny 密码：11ft

3.1.4 执行测试用例