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车轮——项目 --- 云笔记

1 创建python虚拟环境：

https://www.cnblogs.com/sd-xyy/p/12778391.html

2 创建并进入项目主文件夹

//1 进入虚拟环境主目录：

    cd vir/


//2 创建新的虚拟环境：

   mkvirtualenv mycloud_notebook

//3 进入新虚拟包：
　　
　　cd mycloud_notebook/

//4 安装django
    
    pip install django==1.11.8

//5 查看已安装的python包：
    
    pip list

3 创建django项目：

django-admin startproject mycloud_notebook

4 进入项目文件夹，并查看：

$    cd mycloud_notebook
manage.py mycloud_notebook

$    tree

5创建APP：

django-admin startapp note

django-admin startapp user

6 将app添加进配置文件：

"""
mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/settings.py:
"""#允许所有用户访问
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    
　　#添加 APP:
    'note',
    'user',
]
#关掉路由自动补全
APPEND_SLASH = False

7 在note 和 user 文件夹下各创建 urls.py文件：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^login', views.mylogin),
    url(r'^logout', views.mylogout),
]

8 在主路由表中 mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/urls.py:

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

# 添加include
from django.conf.urls import include
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

#分别导入APP中的urls文件：
    url(r'^note/', include('note.urls')),
    url(r'^user/', include('user.urls')),
　　#创建主页路由：
    url(r'^$', views.index),
]

9　　在mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/创建 views.py 文件

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

#创建主页处理函数：
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html', locals())

10 在　　mycloud_notebook/创建 templates 文件夹并创建模板　　

　　添加模板文件夹

mycloud_notebook/templates

note/templates/note

user/templates/user

11 在 settings.py 添加模板文件夹

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

12 在 mycloud_notebook/templates创建 index.html

!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
   {% if request.session and request.session.userinfo %}
   欢迎: {{ request.session.userinfo }}
   <a href="/user/logout">注销</a>
   {% else %}
   <a href="/user/login">登陆</a>
   <a href="/user/reg">注册</a>
   {% endif %}

</body>
</html>

13 在user/models.py 添加模型类

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


# file: /user/models.py

class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('姓名', max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField('密码', max_length=50)
    def __str__(self):
        return "用户:" + self.name

14在note/models.py 添加模型类

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

# file : note/models.py
from user.models import User

class Note(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=100,
                             default='')
    content = models.TextField('内容', default='')

#auto_now_add=True 说明当数据库创建的时候会修改时间

create_time = models.DateTimeField('创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
#auto_now=True 说明当数据库 .save（）的时候会修改时间
    mod_time = models.DateTimeField('修改时间',
                                    auto_now=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User)  # 一对多
    def __str__(self):
        return "笔记:" + self.title

15 创建数据库：

$　　mysql -u root -p
$　　show databases;
$　　create database mywebdb default charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

16 mysql 数据库配置

 DATABASES = {

                'default' : {

                    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

                    'NAME': 'mynote',  # 数据库名称,需要自己定义

                    'USER': 'root',

                    'PASSWORD': '123456',  # 管理员密码

                    'HOST': '127.0.0.1',

                    'PORT': 3306,

                }

            }

17 添加 mysql 支持

- 安装pymysql 模块

 $ sudo pip install pymysql

　$ sudo pip3 install mysqlclient # 非必须安装

- 修改项目中__init__.py 加入如下内容来提供pymysql引擎的支持

  import pymysql

  pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

18 创建数据库原型： python3 manage.py makemigration

19 同步数据库： python3 manage.py migrate

20 创建超级用户：

$ python3 manage.py createsuperuser
            Username (leave blank to use 'tarena'): tarena  # 此处输入用户名
            Email address: laowei@tedu.cn  # 此处输入邮箱
            Password: # 此处输入密码(密码要复杂些，否则会提示密码太简单)
            Password (again): # 再次输入重复密码
            Superuser created successfully.
            $

21 app.py中添加数据管理：

. 在应用app中的admin.py中导入注册要管理的模型models类, 如:
            ```python
            from . import models
            ```
        2. 调用 admin.site.register 方法进行注册,如:
            ```python
            from django.contrib import admin
            admin.site.register(自定义模型类)
 - 如: 在 bookstore/admin.py 添加如下代码对Book类进行管理
    - 示例:
        ```python
        # file: bookstore/admin.py
        from django.contrib import admin
        # Register your models here.

        from . import models
        ...
        admin.site.register(models.Book)  # 将Book类注册为可管理页面
        ```

22 在数据表中添加类：

通过Meta内嵌类 定义模型类的属性及展现形式
    - 模型类可以通过定义内部类class Meta 来重新定义当前模型类和数据表的一些属性信息
    - 用法格式如下:
        ```python
        class Book(models.Model):
            title = CharField(....)
            class Meta:
                1. db_table = '数据表名'
                    - 该模型所用的数据表的名称。(设置完成后需要立马更新同步数据库)
                2. verbose_name = '单数名'
                    - 给模型对象的一个易于理解的名称(单数),用于显示在/admin管理界面中
                3. verbose_name_plural = '复数名'
                    - 该对象复数形式的名称(复数),用于显示在/admin管理界面中


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="书名",max_length=50, default="")
    publish= models.CharField(verbose_name="出版社", max_length=100, default="")
    price= models.DecimalField(verbose_name="定价", max_digits=7, decimal_places=2,default=0)
    market_price= models.DecimalField(verbose_name="零售价", max_digits=7, decimal_places=2, default= 50.00)
    def __str__(self):
        show_str= " 书名：{0}, 出版社： {1},  单价：{2}, 零售价{3}  ".format(self.title, self.publish, self.price, self.market_price)
        return show_str
class Meta:
    db_table=” my_book”
        verbose_name= "书名"
        verbose_name_plural="图书列表"

完整目录：

完整包目录：

完整代码：

$ mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/__init__.py

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

$ mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/setting.py

"""
Django settings for mycloud_notebook project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.8.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '^wwpbr(jkbj3$zi88ero0d(d+5akh&qt8pl=^d4*-r%_!&%*)='

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'note',
    'user',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mycloud_notebook.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mycloud_notebook.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    # 'default': {
    #     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
    #     'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    # }
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mynote',  # 数据库名称,需要自己定义
        'USER': 'root',  # 修改为自己的用户名
        'PASSWORD': '123456',  # 管理员密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  # 修改自己的IP地址
        'PORT': 3306,  # 一般不要修改
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

$ mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin

from django.conf.urls import include
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^note/', include('note.urls')),
    url(r'^user/', include('user.urls')),
    url(r'^$', views.index),
]

$ mycloud_notebook/mycloud_notebook/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html', locals())

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebook ote emplates oteshowall.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>{{ user.name }}的笔记</title>
</head>
<body>
   {% for note in notes %}
   <div>
    标题：{{note.title}} 日期 {{note.create_time}}
     <a href="/note/mod/{{note.id}}">修改</a>
     <a href="/note/del/{{note.id}}">删除</a>
   </div>
   {% endfor %}

</body>
</html>

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebook oteadmin.py

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from . import models

admin.site.register(models.Note)

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebook otemodels.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

# file : note/models.py
from user.models import User

class Note(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=100,
                             default='')
    content = models.TextField('内容', default='')
    create_time = models.DateTimeField('创建时间',
                                       auto_now_add=True)
    mod_time = models.DateTimeField('修改时间',
                                    auto_now=True)
    author = models.ForeignKey(User)  # 一对多
    def __str__(self):
        return "笔记:" + self.title

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebook oteurls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    # 查看本人的全部笔记
    url(r'^showall', views.showall),
    url(r'^new', views.new),  # 新建笔记
    url(r'^del/(d+)', views.delete),  # 删除笔记
    url(r'^mod/(d+)', views.modify),  # 修改笔记
]

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebook oteviews.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

from user.models import User
from . import models
def showall(request):
    if hasattr(request, 'session') and 'userinfo' in request.session:
        # 此时用户已登陆
        # 拿到用户id
        user_id = request.session['userinfo']['id']
        # 根据当前登陆用户找到当前用户
        user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
        # 根据当前用户筛选出当前用户的笔记
        notes = models.Note.objects.filter(author=user)
        return render(request, 'note/showall.html', locals())
    else:
        raise Http404

def new(request):
    if hasattr(request, 'session') and 'userinfo' in request.session:
        # 此时用户已登陆
        # 拿到用户id
        user_id = request.session['userinfo']['id']
        # 根据当前登陆用户找到当前用户
        user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
        # 根据当前用户筛选出当前用户的笔记
        anote = models.Note(author=user)
        import random
        anote.title = "自定义标题%d" % random.randrange(10000)
        anote.content = '这是随便写的内容'
        anote.save()
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    else:
        raise Http404

def delete(request, id):
    if hasattr(request, 'session') and 'userinfo' in request.session:
        # 此时用户已登陆
        # 拿到用户id
        user_id = request.session['userinfo']['id']
        # 根据当前登陆用户找到当前用户
        user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
        try:
            anote = models.Note.objects.get(author=user, id=id)
            anote.delete()
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/note/showall')
        except:
            return HttpResponse("删除失败")
    else:
        raise Http404

def modify(request, id):
    pass

$ mycloud_notebook/templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
   {% if request.session and request.session.userinfo %}
   欢迎: {{ request.session.userinfo }}
   <a href="/user/logout">注销</a>
   {% else %}
   <a href="/user/login">登陆</a>
   <a href="/user/reg">注册</a>
   {% endif %}

</body>
</html>

$ mycloud_cloud_notebookmycloud_notebookuser emplatesuserlogin.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>登陆</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/user/login" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <lable>用户名</lable>
        <input type="text" name="username"
               value="{{ username }}">
    </div>
    <div>
        <lable>密码</lable>
        <input type="password" name="password">
    </div>
    <div>
        <lable for="id_remember">记住密码</lable>
        <input type="checkbox" name="remember" id="id_remember"
                value="1">
    </div>
    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="登陆">
    </div>

</form>

</body>
</html>

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebookuser emplatesuser egister.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册</title>
    <style>
        span {
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/user/reg" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <lable>用户名</lable>
        <input type="text" name="username">
        <span>{{ username_error }}</span>
    </div>
    <div>
        <lable>密码</lable>
        <input type="password" name="password">
    </div>
    <div>
        <lable>密码(重复)</lable>
        <input type="password" name="password2">
    </div>

    <div>
        <input type="submit" value="注册">
    </div>

</form>

</body>
</html>

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebookuseradmin.py

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

# 当前文件为: user/admin.py
from . import models

admin.site.register(models.User)

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebookusermodels.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


# file: /user/models.py

class User(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('姓名', max_length=50)
    password = models.CharField('密码', max_length=50)
    def __str__(self):
        return "用户:" + self.name

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebookuserurls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^login', views.mylogin),
    url(r'^logout', views.mylogout),
]

$ mycloud_notebookmycloud_notebookuserviews.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
from . import models

def mylogin(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'user/login.html')
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        # 获取表单的数据
        username = request.POST.get('username', '')
        password = request.POST.get('password', '')
        # 验证用户名，密码是否正确
        try:
            user = models.User.objects.get(name=username,
                                           password=password)
            # 在当前连接的Session中记录当前用户的信息
            request.session['userinfo'] = {
                "username": user.name,
                'id': user.id
            }
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/')  # 回到首页
        except:
            return HttpResponse("登陆失败")



def mylogout(request):
    '退出登陆'
    if 'userinfo' in request.session:
        del request.session['userinfo']
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/')  # 注销后跳转到主页



# def myregister(request):
#     if request.method == 'GET':
#         return render(request, 'userinfo/register.html')
#     elif request.method == 'POST':
#         username = request.POST.get('username', '')
#         password = request.POST.get('password', '')
#         password2 = request.POST.get('password2', '')
#         if username == '':
#             username_error = "用户名不能为空"
#             return render(request, 'userinfo/register.html', locals())
#         if password == '':
#             return HttpResponse("密码不能为空")
#         if password != password2:
#             return HttpResponse('两次密码不一致!')
#         # 开始注册功能
#         try:
#             from . import models
#             user = models.User.objects.create(
#                 name=username,
#                 password=password
#             )
#             return HttpResponse("注册成功")
#         except:
#             return HttpResponse("注册失败")

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/sd-xyy/p/12781360.html