最近学习C++11,看到了强大的shared_ptr,心想,为何有了shared_ptr,还需要weak_ptr,weak_ptr是做什么的呢?经过探索,看到原因是shared_ptr内部也是基于引用计数的,引用计数的问题在于循环引用时,由于无法将计数值降为0而可能无法析构,示例如下:
View Code
#include "stdafx.h" using namespace std; struct Linker { shared_ptr<Linker> link; }; void DoWork() { shared_ptr<Linker> l1(new Linker()); shared_ptr<Linker> l2(new Linker()); l1->link = l2; l2->link = l1; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { DoWork(); _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks(); return 0; }
输出窗口内容如下:
View Code
Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects -> {196} normal block at 0x0060DD30, 16 bytes long. Data: < ` > A4 D9 06 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 E8 DC 60 00 {195} normal block at 0x0060DCE8, 8 bytes long. Data: <P ` ` > 50 DC 60 00 98 DC 60 00 {194} normal block at 0x0060DC98, 16 bytes long. Data: < P ` > A4 D9 06 00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 50 DC 60 00 {193} normal block at 0x0060DC50, 8 bytes long. Data: < ` 0 ` > E8 DC 60 00 30 DD 60 00 Object dump complete.
说明内存有泄露,解决办法很简单,只需要将Linker中的link成员类型从shared_ptr改成weak_ptr,作用是让该指针不引入计数:
View Code
#include "stdafx.h" using namespace std; struct Linker { weak_ptr<Linker> link; }; void DoWork() { shared_ptr<Linker> l1(new Linker()); shared_ptr<Linker> l2(new Linker()); l1->link = l2; l2->link = l1; } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { DoWork(); _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks(); return 0; }
现在输出窗口平静了,什么也没有,说明没有内存泄漏!