poj 1639 Picnic Planning

Time Limit: 5000MS Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 11507 Accepted: 4136

Description
The Contortion Brothers are a famous set of circus clowns, known worldwide for their incredible ability to cram an unlimited number of themselves into even the smallest vehicle. During the off-season, the brothers like to get together for an Annual Contortionists Meeting at a local park. However, the brothers are not only tight with regard to cramped quarters, but with money as well, so they try to find the way to get everyone to the party which minimizes the number of miles put on everyone’s cars (thus saving gas, wear and tear, etc.). To this end they are willing to cram themselves into as few cars as necessary to minimize the total number of miles put on all their cars together. This often results in many brothers driving to one brother’s house, leaving all but one car there and piling into the remaining one. There is a constraint at the park, however: the parking lot at the picnic site can only hold a limited number of cars, so that must be factored into the overall miserly calculation. Also, due to an entrance fee to the park, once any brother’s car arrives at the park it is there to stay; he will not drop off his passengers and then leave to pick up other brothers. Now for your average circus clan, solving this problem is a challenge, so it is left to you to write a program to solve their milage minimization problem.

Input
Input will consist of one problem instance. The first line will contain a single integer n indicating the number of highway connections between brothers or between brothers and the park. The next n lines will contain one connection per line, of the form name1 name2 dist, where name1 and name2 are either the names of two brothers or the word Park and a brother’s name (in either order), and dist is the integer distance between them. These roads will all be 2-way roads, and dist will always be positive.The maximum number of brothers will be 20 and the maximumlength of any name will be 10 characters.Following these n lines will be one final line containing an integer s which specifies the number of cars which can fit in the parking lot of the picnic site. You may assume that there is a path from every brother’s house to the park and that a solution exists for each problem instance.

Output
Output should consist of one line of the form
Total miles driven: xxx
where xxx is the total number of miles driven by all the brothers’ cars.

Sample Input

10
Alphonzo Bernardo 32
Alphonzo Park 57
Alphonzo Eduardo 43
Bernardo Park 19
Bernardo Clemenzi 82
Clemenzi Park 65
Clemenzi Herb 90
Clemenzi Eduardo 109
Park Herb 24
Herb Eduardo 79
3

Sample Output

Total miles driven: 183

解题思路

有度数限制的最小生成树，做法是将一号点挖去，得到几个联通块，在每个联通块里跑一遍最小生成树，只后选取每个联通块里最小的与1号点相连的边记录答案。假设有T个联通块，1的限制为S，那么还可以有S-T条边可以被改动。然后继续选择与1相连的点x，将1与x连起来会得到一个环，然后在环上找一条最大的边删去，枚举所有的点x执行以上操作。直到S==T或没有更优的边可以加为止。确定环上的边为了避免重复计算，用动态规划，dp[x]=max(dp[father[x]]，val[x][father[x]] ) 。

代码

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>

using namespace std;
const int N = 105;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;

struct Edge{
    int fr,to,w;
}dp[N];

int n,fa[N],minedge[N];
int num=0,val[N][N];
int g[N][N],ans,S;
int where[N],T;
bool tree[N][N];
map<string,int> mp;
vector<Edge> edges;

inline int find(int x){
    if(x==fa[x]) return x;
    return fa[x]=find(fa[x]);
}

inline bool cmp(Edge A,Edge B){
    return A.w<B.w;
}

inline void kruskal(){
    sort(edges.begin(),edges.end(),cmp);
    for(register int i=0;i<edges.size();i++){
        int u=find(edges[i].fr);
        int v=find(edges[i].to);
        if(u!=v && edges[i].fr!=1 && edges[i].to!=1) {
            fa[u]=v;
            tree[edges[i].fr][edges[i].to]=tree[edges[i].to][edges[i].fr]=1;
            ans+=edges[i].w;
        }
    }
}

inline void dfs(int x,int pre){
    for(register int i=2;i<=num;i++){
        if(i==pre || !tree[i][x]) continue;
        if(dp[i].w==-1){
            if(dp[x].w>g[i][x]) dp[i]=dp[x];
            else {
                dp[i].w=g[i][x];
                dp[i].fr=x;
                dp[i].to=i;
            }
        }
        dfs(i,x);
    }
}

int main(){
    while(cin>>n){
        num=0;ans=0;T=0;
        mp.clear();edges.clear();
        memset(where,0,sizeof(where));
        memset(tree,0,sizeof(tree));
        memset(minedge,0x3f,sizeof(minedge));
        memset(g,0x3f,sizeof(g));mp["Park"]=++num;
        for(register int i=1;i<N;i++) fa[i]=i;
        for(register int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            string a,b;int c;
            cin>>a>>b>>c;
            if(!mp[a]) mp[a]=++num;
            if(!mp[b]) mp[b]=++num;
            int xxx=mp[a],yyy=mp[b];
            edges.push_back((Edge){xxx,yyy,c});
            g[xxx][yyy]=g[yyy][xxx]=min(g[xxx][yyy],c);
        }
        cin>>S;kruskal();
        for(register int i=2;i<=num;i++)
            if(g[i][1]!=inf){
                int v=find(i);
                if(minedge[v]>g[i][1]){
                    minedge[v]=g[i][1];
                    where[v]=i; 
                }
            }
        for(register int i=1;i<=num;i++)
            if(minedge[i]!=inf){
                ans+=g[1][where[i]];
                tree[where[i]][1]=tree[1][where[i]]=1;
                T++;
            }
        for(register int i=T+1;i<=S;i++){
            memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));
            dp[1].w=-inf;
            for(register int j=2;j<=num;j++)
                if(tree[1][j]) dp[j].w=-inf;
            dfs(1,-1);
            int maxnum=-1,idx;
            for(register int j=2;j<=num;j++)
                if(dp[j].w-g[1][j]>maxnum){
                    maxnum=dp[j].w-g[1][j];
                    idx=j;
                }   
            if(maxnum<=0) break;
            ans-=dp[idx].w;ans+=g[1][idx];
            tree[idx][1]=tree[1][idx]=1;
            tree[dp[idx].fr][dp[idx].to]=tree[dp[idx].to][dp[idx].fr]=0;
        }
        printf("Total miles driven: %d
", ans);
        printf("
");
    }
    return 0;
}