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  • C#程序员经常用到的10个实用代码片段

    1 读取操作系统和CLR的版本

    1. OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion; 
      Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform); 
      Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack); 
      Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version); 
      Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString); 
      Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version); 
      

        

    在我的Windows 7系统中,输出以下信息

    Platform: Win32NT 
    Service Pack: 
    Version: 6.1.7600.0 
    VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0 
    CLR Version: 4.0.21006.1 
    

      

    2 读取CPU数量,内存容量

    可以通过Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口读取所需要的信息。

    private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors() 
    { 
         ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher( 
            “SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”); 
         ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get(); 
         foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll) 
        { 
            return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”]; 
        } 
        return 0; 
    } 
    private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory() 
    { 
       ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher( 
          “SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”); 
       ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get(); 
       UInt64 total = 0; 
       foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll) 
       { 
           total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”]; 
        } 
        return total; 
    } 
    

      

    请添加对程序集System.Management的引用,确保代码可以正确编译。

    Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName); 
    Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount); 
    Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}”  CountPhysicalProcessors()); 
    Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”,  CountPhysicalMemory()); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”,   Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”,  Environment.Is64BitProcess); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian); 
    foreach (Screen screen in  System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens) 
    { 
         Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName); 
         Console.WriteLine(“	Primary {0}”, screen.Primary); 
         Console.WriteLine(“	Bounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds); 
         Console.WriteLine(“	Working Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea); 
         Console.WriteLine(“	BitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel); 
    } 
    

      

     

    3 读取注册表键值对

    using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun”)) 
    { 
        foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames()) 
        { 
         Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}	Value: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName)); 
        } 
    } 
    

      

    请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,以确保上面的代码可以编译。

    4 启动,停止Windows服务

    这项API提供的实用功能常常用来管理应用程序中的服务,而不必到控制面板的管理服务中进行操作。

    ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”);      
    controller.Start();      
    if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue)      
    {      
        controller.Pause();      
        controller.Continue();      
    }      
    controller.Stop(); 
    

      

    .net提供的API中,可以实现一句话安装与卸载服务

    if (args[0] == "/i") 
    { 
           ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location }); 
    } 
    else if (args[0] == "/u") 
    { 
       ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location }); 
    } 
    

      

    如代码所示,给应用程序传入i或u参数,以表示是卸载或是安装程序。

    5 验证程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)

    比如在程序中,为了验证程序集是否有签名,可调用如下方法

    [DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] 
    static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool pfWasVerified); 
     
    bool notForced = false; 
    bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced); 
    Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}
    Forced: {1}", verified, !notForced); 
    

      

    这个功能常用在软件保护方法,可用来验证签名的组件。即使你的签名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的签名都被去除,只要程序中有这一项调用代码,则可以停止程序运行。

    6 响应系统配置项的变更

    比如我们锁定系统后,如果QQ没有退出,则它会显示了忙碌状态。

    请添加命名空间Microsoft.Win32,然后对注册下面的事件。

    . DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing) 显示设置

    . InstalledFontsChanged 字体变化

    . PaletteChanged

    . PowerModeChanged 电源状态

    . SessionEnded (用户正在登出或是会话结束)

    . SessionSwitch (变更当前用户)

    . TimeChanged 时间改变

    . UserPreferenceChanged (用户偏号 包含Changing)

    我们的ERP系统,会监测系统时间是否改变,如果将时间调整后ERP许可文件之外的范围,会导致ERP软件不可用。

    7 运用Windows7的新特性

    Windows7系统引入一些新特性,比如打开文件对话框,状态栏可显示当前任务的进度。

    Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog(); 
    ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true; 
    ofd.IsFolderPicker = true; 
    ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true; 
    ofd.ShowDialog(); 
    

      

    用这样的方法打开对话框,与BCL自带类库中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不过只限于Windows 7系统中,所以要调用这段代码,还要检查操作系统的版本要大于6,并且添加对程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft®.NET Framework的引用,请到这个地址下载 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack

    8 检查程序对内存的消耗

    用下面的方法,可以检查.NET给程序分配的内存数量

    long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available); 
    int allocSize = 40000000; 
    byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize]; 
    available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); 
    Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available); 
    

      

    在我的系统中,它运行的结果如下所示

    Before allocations: 651,064
    After allocations: 40,690,080

    使用下面的方法,可以检查当前应用程序占用的内存

    Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess(); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+ 
    “Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine + 
    “Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
    “Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
    “Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
    “Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + 
      “Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine, 
    proc.PrivateMemorySize64,   proc.VirtualMemorySize64,  proc.WorkingSet64,  proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64,  proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 ); 
    

      

    9 使用记秒表检查程序运行时间

    如果你担忧某些代码非常耗费时间,可以用StopWatch来检查这段代码消耗的时间,如下面的代码所示

    System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(); 
    timer.Start(); 
    Decimal total = 0; 
    int limit = 1000000; 
    for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) 
    { 
          total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); 
    } 
    timer.Stop(); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”, 
    timer.ElapsedMilliseconds); 
    Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed); 
    

      

    现在已经有专门的工具来检测程序的运行时间,可以细化到每个方法,比如dotNetPerformance软件。

    以上面的代码为例子,您需要直接修改源代码,如果是用来测试程序,则有些不方便。请参考下面的例子。

    class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable 
    { 
       public AutoStopwatch() 
       { 
           Start(); 
       } 
       public void Dispose() 
       { 
           Stop(); 
           Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed); 
       } 
    } 
    

      

    借助于using语法,像下面的代码所示,可以检查一段代码的运行时间,并打印在控制台上。

    using (new AutoStopwatch()) 
    { 
        Decimal total2 = 0; 
        int limit2 = 1000000; 
        for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i) 
        { 
           total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); 
        } 
    } 
    

      

    10 使用光标

    当程序正在后台运行保存或是册除操作时,应当将光标状态修改为忙碌。可使用下面的技巧。

    class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable 
    { 
    private Control _target; 
    private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default; 
    public AutoWaitCursor(Control control) 
    { 
       if (control == null) 
       { 
         throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”); 
       } 
       _target = control; 
       _prevCursor = _target.Cursor; 
       _target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; 
    } 
    public void Dispose() 
    { 
       _target.Cursor = _prevCursor; 
    } 
    } 
    

      

    用法如下所示,这个写法,是为了预料到程序可能会抛出异常

    using (new AutoWaitCursor(this)) 
    { 
    ... 
    throw new Exception(); 
    } 
    

      

     

    如代码所示,即使抛出异常,光标也可以恢复到之间的状态。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/seanjack/p/7460878.html
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