docker
环境：
centos 6.5 64位
默认装完系统的话centos内核是
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
docker支持的内核是3.xx以上版本 系统必须是64位的
一、首先先升级自己本身的内核等级2.6-》3.xx
步骤：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.mbaRhP: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
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1
2
3
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cd /etc/yum.repos.dwget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repoyum install kernel-ml-aufs kernel-ml-aufs-devel更新内核
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修改 /etc/grub.conf
连得default=1 给成0 默认选择 重启 内核会更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install docker-io
二、首先启动docker 并且再做成开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# service docker start
Starting cgconfig service: [确定]
Starting docker: [确定]
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig docker on
获取cnetos镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos:latest
centos:latest: The image you are pulling has been verified
511136ea3c5a: Pull complete
5b12ef8fd570: Pull complete
34943839435d: Downloading [===> ] 18.38 MB/232.5 MB 1h7m49s
#官方安装方式docker pull imagename从docker的索引中心下载，imagename是镜像名称，例如docker pull Ubuntu就是下载base ubuntu并且tag是latest。
我们还可以搜索基于 Fedora 和 Ubuntu 操作系统的容器。
[root@localhost ~]# docker search ubuntu
[root@localhost ~]# docker search fedora
查看docker镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images centos
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
centos latest 34943839435d Less than a second ago 224 MB
运行docker运行shell
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
[root@2ce733141ece /]#
停止容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop <CONTAINER ID>
删除所有容器
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
查看docker的子命令，直接敲docker 或完整的docker help 就可以
常用命令
总结一下常用命令:
其中<>阔起来的参数为必选，[]阔起来为可选
•docker version 查看docker的版本号，包括客户端、服务端、依赖的Go等
docker info 查看系统(docker)层面信息，包括管理的images, containers数等
docker search <image> 在docker index中搜索image
docker pull <image> 从docker registry server 中下拉image
docker push <image|repository> 推送一个image或repository到registry
docker push <image|repository>:TAG 同上，指定tag
docker inspect <image|container> 查看image或container的底层信息
docker images TODO filter out the intermediate image layers (intermediate image layers 是什么)
docker images -a 列出所有的images
docker ps 默认显示正在运行中的container
docker ps -l 显示最后一次创建的container，包括未运行的
docker ps -a 显示所有的container，包括未运行的
docker logs <container> 查看container的日志，也就是执行命令的一些输出
docker rm <container...> 删除一个或多个container
docker rm `docker ps -a -q` 删除所有的container
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm 同上, 删除所有的container
docker rmi <image...> 删除一个或多个image
docker start/stop/restart <container> 开启/停止/重启container
docker start -i <container> 启动一个container并进入交互模式
docker attach <container> attach一个运行中的container
docker run <image> <command> 使用image创建container并执行相应命令，然后停止
docker run -i -t <image> /bin/bash 使用image创建container并进入交互模式, login shell是/bin/bash
docker run -i -t -p <host_port:contain_port> 将container的端口映射到宿主机的端口
docker commit <container> [repo:tag] 将一个container固化为一个新的image，后面的repo:tag可选
docker build <path> 寻找path路径下名为的Dockerfile的配置文件，使用此配置生成新的image
docker build -t repo[:tag] 同上，可以指定repo和可选的tag
docker build - < <dockerfile> 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件，docker以stdin方式获取内容，使用此配置生成新的image
docker port <container> <container port> 查看本地哪个端口映射到container的指定端口，其实用docker ps 也可以看到
docker 把宿主机的目录挂载到docker容器里
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker run -t -i -v /root/convirt-install:/mnt/convirt docker.cn/docker/centos:centos5 /bin/bash #将宿主机目录挂载到容器里 -t 表示分配伪终端 -i表示以交互式方式运行 -v表示本地那个目录 ：后面的是容器目录
[root@fe943ba99287 /]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
rootfs 10190136 530928 9118536 6% /
/dev/mapper/docker-253:0-1314559-fe943ba9928734269761263a95fc81b2208544b976e79b6b55d397dc35961c38
10190136 530928 9118536 6% /
tmpfs 989592 0 989592 0% /dev
shm 65536 0 65536 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /etc/resolv.conf
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /etc/hostname
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /etc/hosts
/dev/mapper/vg_linuxidc-LogVol01
49212216 19620096 27069192 43% /mnt/convirt
tmpfs 989592 0 989592 0% /proc/kcore
[root@fe943ba99287 /]# cd /mnt/convirt/
[root@fe943ba99287 convirt]# ls
common convirt-install-2.1.1.tar.gz install
创建容器并提交镜像
在容器里安装程序并且提交到镜像里
在docker容器里安装一个httpd用来测试，装完退出
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fe943ba99287 docker.cn/docker/centos:5 "/bin/bash" 17 minutes ago Exited (0) 20 seconds ago distracted_archimedes
记住容器ID
提交容器到镜像
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker commit fe943ba99287 web #提交容器到镜像 web 是为镜像起的名字
49bc0d42b01698a462868f2ecaedfec267fed02c393f1ad06ec17b0d1012eff2
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
web latest 49bc0d42b016 54 seconds ago 532.9 MB #这是提交的镜像
docker.cn/docker/centos 5 bac0c97c3010 3 weeks ago 466.9 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos centos5 bac0c97c3010 3 weeks ago 466.9 MB
centos 6 510cf09a7986 3 weeks ago 215.8 MB
centos centos6 510cf09a7986 3 weeks ago 215.8 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos 7 8efe422e6104 3 weeks ago 224 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos centos7 8efe422e6104 3 weeks ago 224 MB
docker.cn/docker/centos latest 8efe422e6104 3 weeks ago 224 MB
映射端口启动机镜像
[root@linuxidc ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name apacheWEB web:latest /etc/init.d/httpd start
9eee2939f55a587d8a67b5ce5863318452c16c5254de608bdbc9a912d3ecee46
docker images
显示镜像列表
docker ps
显示容器列表
docker run IMAGE_ID
指定镜像, 运行一个容器
docker start/stop/pause/unpause/kill/restart CONTAINER_ID
操作容器状态
docker tag IMAGE_ID [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
给指定镜像命名
docker pull/push NAME:TAG
下载, 推送镜像到 Docker registry server , NAME 部分包括了服务地址
docker rm/rmi CONTAINER_ID/IMAGE_ID
删除容器, 镜像
docker inspect CONTAINER_ID/IMAGE_ID
查看细节信息
docker top CONTAINER_ID
查看指定的运行容器的进程情况
docker info
查看系统配置信息
docker save/load
保存, 恢复镜像信息
docker commit CONTAINER_ID
从容器创建镜像
docker export > xxx.tar
保存一个容器
docker import - < xxx.tar
恢复一个容器
docker cp CONTAINER_ID:PATH HOSTPATH
从镜像复制文件到实体机
docker diff CONTAINER_ID
查看容器相对于镜像的文件变化
docker logs CONTAINER_ID
查看容器日志
docker build
从 Dockerfile 构建镜像
docker history IMAGE_ID
查看镜像的构建历史
注意：如果发现docker起不来
[root@localhost ~]# service docker status
docker 已死，但 pid 文件仍存
首先要检查你的内核版本号是否正确，如果没更新过来需要更新
[root@localhost ~]# yum upgrade device-mapper-libs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* epel: mirror.premi.st
* extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
* updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
Setting up Upgrade Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-libs = 1.02.79-8.el6 for package: device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64
---> Package device-mapper-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper = 1.02.79-8.el6 for package: device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64
---> Package device-mapper.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: device-mapper-event-libs = 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 for package: device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.79-8.el6 will be updated
---> Package device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Updating:
device-mapper-libs x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 256 k
Updating for dependencies:
device-mapper x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 211 k
device-mapper-event x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 133 k
device-mapper-event-libs x86_64 1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 updates 125 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade 4 Package(s)
Total download size: 725 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): device-mapper-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 211 kB 00:00
(2/4): device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 133 kB 00:00
(3/4): device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 125 kB 00:00
(4/4): device-mapper-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64.rpm | 256 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 121 kB/s | 725 kB 00:06
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : device-mapper-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 1/8
Updating : device-mapper-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 2/8
Updating : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 3/8
Updating : device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 4/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 5/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 6/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 7/8
Cleanup : device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 8/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 2/8
Verifying : device-mapper-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : device-mapper-libs-1.02.117-7.el6_8.1.x86_64 4/8
Verifying : device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 5/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 7/8
Verifying : device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 8/8
Updated:
device-mapper-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1
Dependency Updated:
device-mapper.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 device-mapper-event.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 0:1.02.117-7.el6_8.1
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# service docker restart
停止 docker： [确定]
Starting docker: [确定]
[root@localhost ~]# service docker status
docker (pid 3692) 正在运行...
[root@localhost ~]#