英文文档:
class bytes
([source[, encoding[, errors]]])
Return a new “bytes” object, which is an immutable sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256
. bytes
is an immutable version of bytearray
– it has the same non-mutating methods and the same indexing and slicing behavior.
Accordingly, constructor arguments are interpreted as for bytearray()
.
说明:
1. 返回值为一个新的不可修改字节数组,每个数字元素都必须在0 - 255范围内,和bytearray函数的具有相同的行为,差别仅仅是返回的字节数组不可修改。
2. 当3个参数都不传的时候,返回长度为0的字节数组
>>> b = bytes() >>> b b'' >>> len(b) 0
3. 当source参数为字符串时,encoding参数也必须提供,函数将字符串使用str.encode方法转换成字节数组
>>> bytes('中文') #需传入编码格式 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#14>", line 1, in <module> bytes('中文') TypeError: string argument without an encoding >>> bytes('中文','utf-8') b'xe4xb8xadxe6x96x87' >>> '中文'.encode('utf-8') b'xe4xb8xadxe6x96x87'
4. 当source参数为整数时,返回这个整数所指定长度的空字节数组
>>> bytes(2) b'x00x00' >>> bytes(-2) #整数需大于0,用于做数组长度 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module> bytes(-2) ValueError: negative count
5. 当source参数为实现了buffer接口的object对象时,那么将使用只读方式将字节读取到字节数组后返回
6. 当source参数是一个可迭代对象,那么这个迭代对象的元素都必须符合0 <= x < 256,以便可以初始化到数组里
>>> bytes([1,2,3]) b'x01x02x03' >>> bytes([256,2,3]) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#21>", line 1, in <module> bytes([256,2,3]) ValueError: bytes must be in range(0, 256)
7. 返回数组不可修改
>>> b = bytes(10) >>> b b'x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00' >>> b[0] 0 >>> b[1] = 1 #不可修改 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#6>", line 1, in <module> b[1] = 1 TypeError: 'bytes' object does not support item assignment >>> b = bytearray(10) >>> b bytearray(b'x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00') >>> b[1] = 1 #可修改 >>> b bytearray(b'x00x01x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00')