如何找回SQL Server实例安装时的序列号

当需要再次安装SQL Server时，如果序列号找不到了，可以试着从已经安装的实例里找回序列号，因为安装完SQL Server后，序列号(Product Key)被保存在注册表里；

MSDN订阅下载的安装包是内置序列号的，则没有这个困扰。

一. 序列号保存在哪

通过无文档记载的扩展存储过程xp_regread读取注册表：

--For SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2
use master
GO
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server100ToolsSetup','ProductCode'
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server100ToolsSetup','DigitalProductID'
GO

--For SQL Server 2012
use master
GO
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server110ToolsSetup','ProductCode'
exec xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server110ToolsSetup','DigitalProductId'
GO

不要被ProductCode迷惑，就算只安装了SQL Server客户端，注册表里也会有这个键值，并不是序列号，DigitalProductID才是，但经过了Base24编码，需要解码才行。

可以看到，对于不同版本，注册表的路径不一样，但是键是一致的。

Express版是免费的，没有序列号，从而注册表也没DigitalProductID这个键。

二. 如何解码序列号

1. Base24, Base64 编码简介

可能很多人听说过Base64编码，它用于对比较长的字符串进行编码，以方便传输；

Base24编码主要应用在序列号生成上，两者的实现思路是类似的，只是编码的模式有点变化。

Base64所对应的编码表是：

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=

共计64个字符。

Base24所对应的编码表是：

BCDFGHJKMPQRTVWXY2346789

共计24个字符，这里主要去掉了一些对于序列号来说不容易识别和容易混淆的字符。

SQL Server的序列号采用的是Base24编码，对编码后的字符进行解码，即可以得到原文。

编码/解码并不是加密/解密，没有秘钥的说法，只有字符转换的规则，Base24, Base64详细的算法可以在网上找到。

2. 利用Powershell 解码

以下powershell函数用于解码/找回SQL Server序列号，在SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2实例上测试通过：

function Get-SQLServerKey {
    ## function to retrieve the license key of a SQL 2008 Server.
     param ($targets = ".")
    $hklm = 2147483650
    $regPath = "SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server100ToolsSetup"
    $regValue1 = "DigitalProductId"
    $regValue2 = "PatchLevel"
    $regValue3 = "Edition"
    Foreach ($target in $targets) {
        $productKey = $null
        $win32os = $null
        $wmi = [WMIClass]"\$target
ootdefault:stdRegProv"
        $data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue1)
        [string]$SQLver = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue2).svalue
        [string]$SQLedition = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue3).svalue
        $binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66]
        $charsArray = "B","C","D","F","G","H","J","K","M","P","Q","R","T","V","W","X","Y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9"
        ## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
        For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
            $k = 0
            For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
                $k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
                $binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
                $k = $k % 24
         }
            $productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
            If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
                $productKey = "-" + $productKey
            }
        }
        $win32os = Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -computer $target
        $obj = New-Object Object
        $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty Computer -value $target
        $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSCaption -value $win32os.Caption
        $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSArch -value $win32os.OSArchitecture
        $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLver -value $SQLver
        $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLedition -value $SQLedition
        $obj | Add-Member Noteproperty ProductKey -value $productkey
        $obj
    }
}

SQL Server 2012序列号里字符的格式发生了变化，$binArray = ($data.uValue)[0..16] 不同于SQL Server 2008的$binArray = ($data.uValue)[52..66]，同时别忘了改下注册表路径$regPath = "SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server110ToolsSetup"，修改后如下，在SQL Server 2012实例上测试通过： 

function Get-SQLServerKey {
## function to retrieve the license key of a SQL 2012 Server.
## by Jakob Bindslet (jakob@bindslet.dk)
## 2012 Modification by Xian Wang (daanno2@gmail.com)
param ($targets = ".")
$hklm = 2147483650
$regPath = "SOFTWAREMicrosoftMicrosoft SQL Server110ToolsSetup"
$regValue1 = "DigitalProductId"
$regValue2 = "PatchLevel"
$regValue3 = "Edition"
Foreach ($target in $targets) {
$productKey = $null
$win32os = $null
$wmi = [WMIClass]"\$target
ootdefault:stdRegProv"
$data = $wmi.GetBinaryValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue1)
[string]$SQLver = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue2).svalue
[string]$SQLedition = $wmi.GetstringValue($hklm,$regPath,$regValue3).svalue
$binArray = ($data.uValue)[0..16]
$charsArray = "B","C","D","F","G","H","J","K","M","P","Q","R","T","V","W","X","Y","2","3","4","6","7","8","9"
## decrypt base24 encoded binary data
For ($i = 24; $i -ge 0; $i--) {
$k = 0
For ($j = 14; $j -ge 0; $j--) {
$k = $k * 256 -bxor $binArray[$j]
$binArray[$j] = [math]::truncate($k / 24)
$k = $k % 24
}
$productKey = $charsArray[$k] + $productKey
If (($i % 5 -eq 0) -and ($i -ne 0)) {
$productKey = "-" + $productKey
}
}
$win32os = Get-WmiObject Win32_OperatingSystem -computer $target
$obj = New-Object Object
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty Computer -value $target
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSCaption -value $win32os.Caption
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty OSArch -value $win32os.OSArchitecture
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLver -value $SQLver
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty SQLedition -value $SQLedition
$obj | Add-Member Noteproperty ProductKey -value $productkey
$obj
}
}

3. 调用powershell函数并输出序列号

打开powershell，把上面的函数贴进去，回车，输入Get-SQLServerKey 并回车；

或者把上面的函数存为.ps1文件直接引用：

PS C:Windowssystem32> . C:UsersusernameDesktoppk.ps1
PS C:Windowssystem32> Get-SQLserverKey

输出结果如下，首尾几个字符被人为改成星号，没有贴出来。

Computer   : .
OSCaption  : Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard
OSArch     : 64-bit
SQLver     : 11.2.5058.0
SQLedition : Developer Edition
ProductKey : *****-G8T4R-QW4XX-BVH62-*****

 

对于SQL Server 2000, 2005，由于手头没有环境，没有测试；对于Office，Windows系统，应该也都可以通过类似的方式拿到序列号。