Python——阶段总结（一）

import xlrd # 读xlsx
import xlsxwriter # 写xlsx
import urllib.request # url请求，Python3自带，Python2与3中urllib的区别见：http://blog.csdn.net/Jurbo/article/details/52313636
import os # 创建output文件夹
import glob # 获取文件夹下文件名称
import time # 记录时间
import json # 读取json格式文件

def xlsx_merge(folder,header,filename):
    fileList = []
    for fileName in glob.glob(folder + "*.xlsx"):
        fileList.append(fileName)
    fileNum = len(fileList)
    matrix = [None] * fileNum
    for i in range(fileNum):
        fileName = fileList[i]
        workBook = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName)
        try:
            sheet = workBook.sheet_by_index(0)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        nRows = sheet.nrows
        matrix[i] = [0]*(nRows - 1)
        nCols = sheet.ncols
        for m in range(nRows - 1):
            matrix[i][m] = ["0"]* nCols
        for j in range(1,nRows):
            for k in range(nCols):
                matrix[i][j-1][k] = sheet.cell(j,k).value
    fileName = xlsxwriter.Workbook(folder + filename + ".xlsx")
    sheet = fileName.add_worksheet("merged")
    for i in range(len(header)):
        sheet.write(0,i,header[i])
    rowIndex = 1
    for fileIndex in range(fileNum):
        for j in range(len(matrix[fileIndex])):
            for colIndex in range (len(matrix[fileIndex][j])):
                sheet.write(rowIndex,colIndex,matrix[fileIndex][j][colIndex])
            rowIndex += 1
    print("已完成%d个文件的合并"%fileNum)
    fileName.close()
    
def poi_by_adcode_poicode(folder,city_file = "city",poi_file = "poi",merge_or_not = 1):
    city_file = city_file
    poi_file = poi_file
    merge_or_not = merge_or_not
    header_full = ["id","name","type","typecode","biz_type","address","location","tel","pname","cityname","adname","rating","cost"] #返回结果控制为base时，输出的POI标签类别
    header = ["id","name","type","typecode","biz_type","address","location","tel","pname","cityname","adname"]
    offset = 25 # 实例设置每页展示10条POI（官方限定25条,实际测试可以为50）
    # 读取列表
    folder_sheet = xlrd.open_workbook(folder + "input/" + "folder.xlsx").sheet_by_index(0)
    folder_list = folder_sheet.col_values(0)
    folder_code_list = folder_sheet.col_values(1)
    city_sheet =  xlrd.open_workbook(folder+ "input/" + city_file + ".xlsx").sheet_by_index(0)
    city_list =city_sheet.col_values(0)
    city_code_list = city_sheet.col_values(1)
    poi_type_sheet = xlrd.open_workbook(folder+ "input/" + poi_file + ".xlsx").sheet_by_index(0)    
    poi_type_list = poi_type_sheet.col_values(1)
    total_work = (city_sheet.nrows - 1) * (poi_type_sheet.nrows - 1) # 指示工作总量
    city_col_index = 1 # 用于记录上次已经读取到的行数
    work_index = 1
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) + "：抓取开始！")
    for folder_index in range(1,len(folder_list)): # 区分地级市
        output_folder = folder + folder_list[folder_index] +"/" # 创建输出路径
        if os.path.isdir(output_folder):
            pass
        else:
            os.makedirs(output_folder)
        for city_index in range(city_col_index,len(city_list)): # 对行政区
            if folder_code_list[folder_index][0:4] == city_code_list[city_index][0:4]: # 如果前四数字相同，则在该地级市目录下写入，否则退出循环
                for poi_type_index in range(1,len(poi_type_list)): # 对兴趣点类别
                    workbook_file = output_folder + str(city_list[city_index]) + str(poi_type_list[poi_type_index]) + ".xlsx"
                    if os.path.exists(workbook_file):
                        print(str(city_list[city_index]) + str(poi_type_list[poi_type_index]) + " 已存在")
                    else:
                        workbook =xlsxwriter.Workbook(workbook_file) # 新建工作簿
                        sheet = workbook.add_worksheet("result") # 新建工作表
                        for col_index in range(len(header_full)):
                            sheet.write(0,col_index,header_full[col_index]) # 写表头
                        row_index = 1
                        for page_index in range(1, 101): # 制定行政区和兴趣点类别后，POI信息已固定， 现针对页数写入
                            try:
                                url = "http://restapi.amap.com/v3/place/text?&keywords=&types=" + str(poi_type_list[poi_type_index]) + "&city=" + city_code_list[city_index] + "&citylimit=true&offset=" + str(offset) + "&page="+ str(page_index) + "&key=你的key&extensions=all"
                                # 请求的结构化url地址如上，见：http://lbs.amap.com/api/webservice/guide/api/search/
                                data = json.load(urllib.request.urlopen(url))["pois"]
                                for i in range(offset):
                                    for col_index in range(len(header)):
                                        sheet.write(row_index, col_index, str(data[i][header[col_index]])) # 写入简略表头内容
                                        sheet.write(row_index,len(header),str(data[i]["biz_ext"]["rating"])) # 写入详细表头内容
                                        sheet.write(row_index,len(header) + 1,str(data[i]["biz_ext"]["cost"]))
                                    row_index += 1
                            except:
                                break
                        workbook.close()
                        work_index = (city_index - 1) * len(poi_type_list) + poi_type_index
                        print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) + "：" + str(city_list[city_index]) + " " + str(poi_type_list[poi_type_index]) + " 已获取!进度：%.3f%%"  %(work_index / total_work *100))
                city_col_index += 1
            else:
                break
        print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) + "" + folder_list[folder_index] + "已完成！")
        
        if merge_or_not == 1:
            if os.path.exists(output_folder + folder_list[folder_index] + ".xlsx"):
                pass
            else:
                xlsx_merge(output_folder, header_full, folder_list[folder_index])
                print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) + "：已对文件进行合并！")
        else:
            print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) + "：未进行合并！")
    print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) + "：所有工作完成！")
    
poi_by_adcode_poicode("E:/XXDir/","city", "poi",1)

1、如果是将数据储存在excel中（存储在数据库中时，不用考虑），最好将结果分阶段保存成单独文件并及时输出时间和进度。

2、可以通过判断以前保存的文件是否存在达到断点续爬的目的，也可以通过此方式，实现多主机共享进度（农村人的分布式爬取^-^，通过建立共享文件夹）。

3、做多重循环时，要考虑清楚循环之间的步骤应该置哪个循环之下。

4、通过将复杂的功能拆分成多个小的功能，可以更好的完成一段复杂代码的编写。

5、尽可能将实现的功能编写成函数和库，以便下次调用。