MySQL入门——在Linux下安装和卸载MySQL
摘要：本文主要学习了如何在Linux系统中安装和卸载MySQL数据库。
查看有没有安装过MySQL
使用命令查看有没有安装过：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql 2 [root@localhost ~]#
从CentOS版本6开始，官方版本的yum源中用MariaDB替换了MySQL，新的Linux系统中将不会默认安装MySQL，安装MySQL一般需要去官网下载rpm包或者源码包等方式。
安装MySQL源码包
查看yum可用的软件包
因为如果没有源码包，yum的仓库里是没有MySQL的安装包的，使用命令查看yum仓库里有关MySQL的软件包：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql 2 [root@localhost ~]#
找到源码包下载链接
MySQL的官网地址如下：
https://www.mysql.com
登录官网如图：
将页面滑动到下面，点击Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7对应的Download下载按钮：
在新的页面找到下方的地址链接，右键复制链接地址：
下载源码包
在Linux系统中使用wget命令下载rpm包，地址即为刚刚在MySQL官网复制的链接地址：
1 [root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 2 --2019-07-13 16:19:14-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 3 正在解析主机 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11 4 正在连接 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... 已连接。 5 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 302 Found 6 位置：https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm [跟随至新的 URL] 7 --2019-07-13 16:19:15-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 8 正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 184.26.157.95 9 正在连接 repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.26.157.95|:443... 已连接。 10 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 11 长度：26024 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] 12 正在保存至: “mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm.1” 13 14 100%[=====================================================================================================>] 26,024 88.9KB/s 用时 0.3s 15 16 2019-07-13 16:19:17 (88.9 KB/s) - 已保存 “mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm.1” [26024/26024]) 17 18 [root@localhost ~]#
安装源码包
使用命令安装MySQL的源码包：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 2 已加载插件：fastestmirror 3 正在检查 mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch 4 mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 将被安装 5 正在解决依赖关系 6 --> 正在检查事务 7 ---> 软件包 mysql80-community-release.noarch.0.el7-3 将被 安装 8 --> 解决依赖关系完成 9 10 依赖关系解决 11 ... 12 完毕！ 13 [root@localhost ~]#
再次查看yum仓库中的源码包
使用命令查看yum仓库中有关MySQL的软件包：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql 2 mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community 禁用 3 mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - So 禁用 4 mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community 禁用 5 mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - So 禁用 6 mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community 禁用 7 mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community - So 禁用 8 !mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 启用: 118 9 mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sou 禁用 10 !mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 启用: 95 11 mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source 禁用 12 mysql-tools-preview/x86_64 MySQL Tools Preview 禁用 13 mysql-tools-preview-source MySQL Tools Preview - Source 禁用 14 mysql55-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.5 Community Server 禁用 15 mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sou 禁用 16 mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 禁用 17 mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sou 禁用 18 mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 禁用 19 mysql57-community-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sou 禁用 20 !mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 启用: 129 21 mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sou 禁用 22 [root@localhost ~]#
可以看到，目前默认安装版本是8.0。
修改安装版本
如果要修改MySQL的安装版本，可以通过修改repo配置文件或者通过执行修改命令来实现。
1）修改文件
编辑mysql-community.repo文件，将 [mysql80-community] 下面的enable设置为0表示关闭8.0版本，然后将 [mysql56-community] 下面的enable设置为1表示开启5.6版本。
命令如下：
1 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
2）修改命令
关闭8.0版本：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community 2 已加载插件：fastestmirror 3 ====================================================== repo: mysql80-community ======================================================= 4 [mysql80-community] 5 ... 6 enabled = 0 7 ... 8 [root@localhost ~]#
开启5.6版本：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql56-community 2 已加载插件：fastestmirror 3 ====================================================== repo: mysql56-community ======================================================= 4 [mysql56-community] 5 ... 6 enabled = 1 7 ... 8 [root@localhost ~]#
安装MySQL
安装
使用yum命令安装：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server 2 ... 3 ====================================================================================================================================== 4 Package 架构 版本 源 大小 5 ====================================================================================================================================== 6 正在安装: 7 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 mysql56-community 60 M 8 为依赖而安装: 9 mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 mysql56-community 20 M 10 mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 mysql56-community 257 k 11 mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 mysql56-community 2.0 M 12 net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7 base 306 k 13 ... 14 完毕！ 15 [root@localhost ~]#
查看安装版本
使用命令查看MySQL的安装版本：
1 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -V 2 mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.45, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper 3 [root@localhost ~]#
启动服务
使用systemctl命令启动并查看MySQL的服务状态：
1 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld 2 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld 3 ● mysqld.service - MySQL Community Server 4 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) 5 Active: active (running) since 三 2019-08-14 17:18:54 CST; 23s ago 6 Process: 1851 ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start post (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) 7 Process: 1791 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) 8 Main PID: 1850 (mysqld_safe) 9 CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service 10 ├─1850 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr 11 └─2016 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log... 12 13 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! 14 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: 15 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' 16 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password' 17 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: Alternatively you can run: 18 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation 19 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysql-systemd-start[1791]: which will also give you the option of removing the test 20 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysqld_safe[1850]: 190814 17:18:53 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 21 8月 14 17:18:53 localhost.localdomain mysqld_safe[1850]: 190814 17:18:53 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 22 8月 14 17:18:54 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server. 23 [root@localhost ~]#
连接数据库
MySQL的5.6版本安装完成后，默认root用户是没有密码的，使用命令登录：
1 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot 2 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. 3 Your MySQL connection id is 4 4 Server version: 5.6.45 MySQL Community Server (GPL) 5 6 Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7 8 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 9 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 10 owners. 11 12 Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. 13 14 mysql>
查看版本号
使用 select version(); 命令可以查询MySQL的版本：
1 mysql> select version(); 2 +-----------+ 3 | version() | 4 +-----------+ 5 | 5.6.45 | 6 +-----------+ 7 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 8 9 mysql>
简单配置
使用命令对MySQL进行简单配置：
1 [root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation 2 3 NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL 4 SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
输入当前的密码，如果没有设置就回车：
1 In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current 2 password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and 3 you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, 4 so you should just press enter here. 5 6 Enter current password for root (enter for none): 7 OK, successfully used password, moving on...
是否为root用户设置密码：
1 Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL 2 root user without the proper authorisation. 3 4 Set root password? [Y/n] y 5 New password: 6 Re-enter new password: 7 Password updated successfully! 8 Reloading privilege tables.. 9 ... Success!
是否删除匿名用户：
1 By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone 2 to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for 3 them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation 4 go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a 5 production environment. 6 7 Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] 8 ... Success!
是否允许root用户远程登录：
1 Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This 2 ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. 3 4 Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] 5 ... Success!
是否删除test数据库：
1 By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can 2 access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed 3 before moving into a production environment. 4 5 Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] 6 - Dropping test database... 7 ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist 8 ... Failed! Not critical, keep moving... 9 - Removing privileges on test database... 10 ... Success!
是否重新加载权限表：
1 Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far 2 will take effect immediately. 3 4 Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] 5 ... Success!
设置完成：
1 All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL 2 installation should now be secure. 3 4 Thanks for using MySQL! 5 6 7 Cleaning up... 8 [root@localhost ~]#
卸载MySQL
查看MySQL已安装的软件包：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql 2 mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 3 mysql-community-common.x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 4 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 5 mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 6 mysql80-community-release.noarch el7-3 installed 7 [root@localhost ~]#
使用yum命令卸载：
1 [root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y mysql80-community-release.noarch mysql-community-client mysql-community-server mysql-community-common mysql-community-libs 2 ... 3 ====================================================================================================================================== 4 Package 架构 版本 源 大小 5 ====================================================================================================================================== 6 正在删除: 7 mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 89 M 8 mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 2.1 M 9 mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 9.2 M 10 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.45-2.el7 @mysql56-community 252 M 11 mysql80-community-release noarch el7-3 installed 31 k 12 ... 13 完毕！ 14 [root@localhost ~]#