JavaPersistenceWithHibernate第二版笔记-第四章-Mapping persistent classes-003映射实体时的可选操作(<delimited-identifiers/>、PhysicalNamingStrategy、PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl、、、)

一、自定义映射的表名

1.

@Entity
@Table(name = "USERS")
public class User implements Serializable {
    // ...
}

2.用定界符

//@Table(name = "`USER`")的标准
@Table(name = "`USER`")

//JPA的标准
@Table(name = ""USER"")

若全部SQL都加定界符, create an orm.xml file and add the setting <delimited-identifiers/> to its <persistence-unit-defaults> section，Hibernate then enforces quoted identifiers everywhere.

3.若要映射的表都有前缀，则可用实现PhysicalNamingStrategy接口或继承已有的实现

package org.jpwh.shared;

import org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.Identifier;
import org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment;

/**
 * Prefixes all SQL table names with "CE_", for CaveatEmptor.
 */
public class CENamingStrategy extends
    org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl {

    @Override
    public Identifier toPhysicalTableName(Identifier name,
                                          JdbcEnvironment context) {
        return new Identifier("CE_" + name.getText(), name.isQuoted());
    }

}

You have to enable the naming-strategy implementation in persistence.xml:

<persistence-unit>name="CaveatEmptorPU"> 
    ...
    <properties>
        <property name="hibernate.physical_naming_strategy" value="org.jpwh.shared.CENamingStrategy" />
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>

4.用ImplicitNamingStrategy

二、自定义实体名

1.

package my.other.model;
@javax.persistence.Entity(name = "AuctionItem")
public class Item {
    // ...
}

三、动态生成SQL

To disable generation of INSERT and UPDATE SQL statements on startup, you need native Hibernate annotations:

@Entity
@org.hibernate.annotations.DynamicInsert
@org.hibernate.annotations.DynamicUpdate
public class Item {
    // ...
}

四、实体相关选项

1.Making an entity immutable

@Entity
@org.hibernate.annotations.Immutable
public class Bid {
    // ...
}

2.Mapping an entity to a subselect

When an instance of ItemBidSummary is loaded, Hibernate executes your custom SQL
SELECT as a subselect:

Synchronize注解的作用：Hibernate will then know it has to flush modifications of Item and Bid instances
before it executes a query against ItemBidSummary

package org.jpwh.model.advanced;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
@org.hibernate.annotations.Immutable
@org.hibernate.annotations.Subselect(
    value = "select i.ID as ITEMID, i.ITEM_NAME as NAME, " +
            "count(b.ID) as NUMBEROFBIDS " +
            "from ITEM i left outer join BID b on i.ID = b.ITEM_ID " +
            "group by i.ID, i.ITEM_NAME"
)

// TODO Table names are case sensitive, Hibernate bug HHH-8430
@org.hibernate.annotations.Synchronize({"Item", "Bid"})
public class ItemBidSummary {

    @Id
    protected Long itemId;

    protected String name;

    protected long numberOfBids;

    public ItemBidSummary() {
    }

    // Getter methods...
    public Long getItemId() {
        return itemId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public long getNumberOfBids() {
        return numberOfBids;
    }

    // ...
}

五、测试代码

1.

package org.jpwh.test.advanced;

import org.jpwh.env.JPATest;
import org.jpwh.model.advanced.Bid;
import org.jpwh.model.advanced.Item;
import org.jpwh.model.advanced.ItemBidSummary;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;

public class MappedSubselect extends JPATest {

    @Override
    public void configurePersistenceUnit() throws Exception {
        configurePersistenceUnit("AdvancedPU");
    }

    @Test
    public void loadSubselectEntity() throws Exception {
        long ITEM_ID = storeItemAndBids();

        UserTransaction tx = TM.getUserTransaction();
        try {
            tx.begin();
            EntityManager em = JPA.createEntityManager();

            {
                ItemBidSummary itemBidSummary = em.find(ItemBidSummary.class, ITEM_ID);
                // select * from (
                //      select i.ID as ITEMID, i.ITEM_NAME as NAME, ...
                // ) where ITEMID = ?

                assertEquals(itemBidSummary.getName(), "AUCTION: Some item");
            }
            em.clear();

            { // Hibernate will synchronize the right tables before querying
                Item item = em.find(Item.class, ITEM_ID);
                item.setName("New name");

                // No flush before retrieval by identifier!
                 //ItemBidSummary itemBidSummary = em.find(ItemBidSummary.class, ITEM_ID);

                // Automatic flush before queries if synchronized tables are affected!
                Query query = em.createQuery(
                    "select ibs from ItemBidSummary ibs where ibs.itemId = :id"
                );
                ItemBidSummary itemBidSummary =
                    (ItemBidSummary)query.setParameter("id", ITEM_ID).getSingleResult();

                assertEquals(itemBidSummary.getName(), "AUCTION: New name");
            }

            tx.commit();
            em.close();
        } finally {
            TM.rollback();
        }
    }

    public Long storeItemAndBids() throws Exception {
        UserTransaction tx = TM.getUserTransaction();
        tx.begin();
        EntityManager em = JPA.createEntityManager();
        Item item = new Item();
        item.setName("Some item");
        item.setDescription("This is some description.");
        em.persist(item);
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            Bid bid = new Bid();
            bid.setAmount(new BigDecimal(10 + i));
            bid.setItem(item);
            em.persist(bid);
        }
        tx.commit();
        em.close();
        return item.getId();
    }

}

 Note that Hibernate doesn’t flush automatically before a find() operation—only before a Query is executed, if necessary. Hibernate detects that the modified Item will affect the result of the query, because the ITEM table is synchronized with ItemBid-Summary . Hence, a flush and the UPDATE of the ITEM row are necessary to avoid the

query returning stale data.

2.

package org.jpwh.model.advanced;

import org.jpwh.model.Constants;

import javax.persistence.Access;
import javax.persistence.AccessType;
import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.EnumType;
import javax.persistence.Enumerated;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Lob;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.sql.Blob;
import java.util.Date;

@Entity
public class Item {

    /* 
       The <code>Item</code> entity defaults to field access, the <code>@Id</code> is on a field. (We
       have also moved the brittle <code>ID_GENERATOR</code> string into a constant.)
     */
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = Constants.ID_GENERATOR)
    protected Long id;

    @org.hibernate.annotations.Type(type = "yes_no")
    protected boolean verified = false;

    // JPA says @Temporal is required but Hibernate will default to TIMESTAMP without it
    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(updatable = false)
    @org.hibernate.annotations.CreationTimestamp
    protected Date createdOn;

    // Java 8 API
    // protected Instant reviewedOn;

    @NotNull
    @Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY) // Defaults to EAGER
    protected String description;

    @Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @Column(length = 131072) // 128 kilobyte maximum for the picture
    protected byte[] image; // Maps to SQL VARBINARY type

    @Lob
    protected Blob imageBlob;

    @NotNull
    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) // Defaults to ORDINAL
    protected AuctionType auctionType = AuctionType.HIGHEST_BID;

    @org.hibernate.annotations.Formula(
        "substr(DESCRIPTION, 1, 12) || '...'"
    )
    protected String shortDescription;

    @org.hibernate.annotations.Formula(
        "(select avg(b.AMOUNT) from BID b where b.ITEM_ID = ID)"
    )
    protected BigDecimal averageBidAmount;

    @Column(name = "IMPERIALWEIGHT")
    @org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnTransformer(
        read = "IMPERIALWEIGHT / 2.20462",
        write = "? * 2.20462"
    )
    protected double metricWeight;

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(insertable = false, updatable = false)
    @org.hibernate.annotations.Generated(
        org.hibernate.annotations.GenerationTime.ALWAYS
    )
    protected Date lastModified;

    @Column(insertable = false)
    @org.hibernate.annotations.ColumnDefault("1.00")
    @org.hibernate.annotations.Generated(
        org.hibernate.annotations.GenerationTime.INSERT
    )
    protected BigDecimal initialPrice;

    /* 
        The <code>@Access(AccessType.PROPERTY)</code> setting on the <code>name</code> field switches this
        particular property to runtime access through getter/setter methods by the JPA provider.
     */
    @Access(AccessType.PROPERTY)
    @Column(name = "ITEM_NAME") // Mappings are still expected here!
    protected String name;

    /* 
        Hibernate will call <code>getName()</code> and <code>setName()</code> when loading and storing items.
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name =
            !name.startsWith("AUCTION: ") ? "AUCTION: " + name : name;
    }

    public Long getId() { // Optional but useful
        return id;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getShortDescription() {
        return shortDescription;
    }

    public BigDecimal getAverageBidAmount() {
        return averageBidAmount;
    }

    public double getMetricWeight() {
        return metricWeight;
    }

    public void setMetricWeight(double metricWeight) {
        this.metricWeight = metricWeight;
    }

    public Date getLastModified() {
        return lastModified;
    }

    public BigDecimal getInitialPrice() {
        return initialPrice;
    }

    public Date getCreatedOn() {
        return createdOn;
    }

    public boolean isVerified() {
        return verified;
    }

    public void setVerified(boolean verified) {
        this.verified = verified;
    }

    public byte[] getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setImage(byte[] image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    public Blob getImageBlob() {
        return imageBlob;
    }

    public void setImageBlob(Blob imageBlob) {
        this.imageBlob = imageBlob;
    }

    public AuctionType getAuctionType() {
        return auctionType;
    }

    public void setAuctionType(AuctionType auctionType) {
        this.auctionType = auctionType;
    }
}

3.

package org.jpwh.model.advanced;

import org.jpwh.model.Constants;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

@Entity
@org.hibernate.annotations.Immutable
public class Bid {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = Constants.ID_GENERATOR)
    protected Long id;

    @NotNull
    protected BigDecimal amount;

    @ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.LAZY) // NOT NULL
    @JoinColumn(name = "ITEM_ID") // Actually the default name
    protected Item item;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public BigDecimal getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }

    public void setAmount(BigDecimal amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public Item getItem() {
        return item;
    }

    public void setItem(Item item) {
        this.item = item;
    }
}