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  • java并发之读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用

    Lock比传统线程模型中的synchronized方式更加面向对象,与生活中的锁类似,锁本身也应该是一个对象。两个线程执行的代码片段要实现同步互斥的效果,它们必须用同一个Lock对象。

      读写锁:分为读锁和写锁,多个读锁不互斥,读锁与写锁互斥,这是由jvm自己控制的,你只要上好相应的锁即可。如果你的代码只读数据,可以很多人同时读,但不能同时写,那就上读锁;如果你的代码修改数据,只能有一个人在写,且不能同时读取,那就上写锁。总之,读的时候上读锁,写的时候上写锁!

      ReentrantReadWriteLock会使用两把锁来解决问题,一个读锁,一个写锁
    线程进入读锁的前提条件:
           没有其他线程的写锁,
           没有写请求或者有写请求,但调用线程和持有锁的线程是同一个

    线程进入写锁的前提条件:
           没有其他线程的读锁
           没有其他线程的写锁

    到ReentrantReadWriteLock,首先要做的是与ReentrantLock划清界限。它和后者都是单独的实现,彼此之间没有继承或实现的关系。然后就是总结这个锁机制的特性了: 
           (a).重入方面其内部的WriteLock可以获取ReadLock,但是反过来ReadLock想要获得WriteLock则永远都不要想。 
           (b).WriteLock可以降级为ReadLock,顺序是:先获得WriteLock再获得ReadLock,然后释放WriteLock,这时候线程将保持Readlock的持有。反过来ReadLock想要升级为WriteLock则不可能,为什么?参看(a),呵呵. 
           (c).ReadLock可以被多个线程持有并且在作用时排斥任何的WriteLock,而WriteLock则是完全的互斥。这一特性最为重要,因为对于高读取频率而相对较低写入的数据结构,使用此类锁同步机制则可以提高并发量。 
           (d).不管是ReadLock还是WriteLock都支持Interrupt,语义与ReentrantLock一致。 
           (e).WriteLock支持Condition并且与ReentrantLock语义一致,而ReadLock则不能使用Condition,否则抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常。 

    下面看一个读写锁的例子:

     1 /**
     2  * 模拟数据库表 读数据 写数据
     3  * @author ko
     4  *
     5  */
     6 public class DataQueue implements Runnable {
     7 
     8     private int randomNum;// 随机数
     9     private List<String> dataList;// 存放数据的集合
    10     private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock;// 读写锁
    11     
    12     public DataQueue(int randomNum, List<String> dataList, ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock) {
    13         super();
    14         this.randomNum = randomNum;
    15         this.dataList = dataList;
    16         this.rwLock = rwLock;
    17     }
    18 
    19     public void getData(){
    20         rwLock.readLock().lock();// 开启读锁  只能允许读的线程访问
    21         System.out.println("read thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" begin read data");
    22         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    23         for (String data : dataList) {
    24             sb.append(data+" ");
    25         }
    26         System.out.println("read thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" read data:"+sb.toString());
    27         System.out.println("read thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end read data");
    28         rwLock.readLock().unlock();// 释放读锁
    29     }
    30     
    31     public void setData(){
    32         rwLock.writeLock().lock();// 开启写锁  其它线程不管是读还是写都不能访问
    33         System.out.println("write thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" begin write data");
    34         String data = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    35         dataList.add(data);
    36         System.out.println("write thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" write data:"+data);
    37         System.out.println("write thread "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end write data");
    38         rwLock.writeLock().unlock();// 释放读锁
    39     }
    40 
    41     @Override
    42     public void run() {
    43         if (randomNum%2 == 0) {
    44             getData();
    45         } else {
    46             setData();
    47         }
    48     }
    49 }
     1 /**
     2  * 利用ReentrantReadWriteLock模拟数据的读写分离
     3  * @author ko
     4  *
     5  */
     6 public class DatabaseReadWriteSeparation {
     7 
     8     public static void main(String[] args) {
     9         List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
    10         ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    11 //        DataQueue dataQueue = ;
    12         ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    13         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    14             exec.execute(new DataQueue(new Random().nextInt(10), dataList, rwLock));
    15         }
    16         exec.shutdown();
    17     }
    18 }
    read thread pool-1-thread-3 begin read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-2 begin read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-3 read data:
    read thread pool-1-thread-2 read data:
    read thread pool-1-thread-3 end read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-2 end read data
    write thread pool-1-thread-1 begin write data
    write thread pool-1-thread-1 write data:73a8bfcc-7cb9-4a36-aa06-ecbf90c3e612
    write thread pool-1-thread-1 end write data
    write thread pool-1-thread-5 begin write data
    write thread pool-1-thread-5 write data:c334bb7a-1dfe-4f64-a996-1ba6f714710e
    write thread pool-1-thread-5 end write data
    read thread pool-1-thread-4 begin read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-6 begin read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-4 read data:73a8bfcc-7cb9-4a36-aa06-ecbf90c3e612 c334bb7a-1dfe-4f64-a996-1ba6f714710e 
    read thread pool-1-thread-4 end read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-6 read data:73a8bfcc-7cb9-4a36-aa06-ecbf90c3e612 c334bb7a-1dfe-4f64-a996-1ba6f714710e 
    read thread pool-1-thread-6 end read data
    write thread pool-1-thread-7 begin write data
    write thread pool-1-thread-7 write data:7266821f-dc72-4a17-8891-6b7ec80a047b
    write thread pool-1-thread-7 end write data
    write thread pool-1-thread-8 begin write data
    write thread pool-1-thread-8 write data:e5fd7de9-3b5c-4a50-8dcb-539d3ca398fd
    write thread pool-1-thread-8 end write data
    read thread pool-1-thread-10 begin read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-10 read data:73a8bfcc-7cb9-4a36-aa06-ecbf90c3e612 c334bb7a-1dfe-4f64-a996-1ba6f714710e 7266821f-dc72-4a17-8891-6b7ec80a047b e5fd7de9-3b5c-4a50-8dcb-539d3ca398fd 
    read thread pool-1-thread-10 end read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-9 begin read data
    read thread pool-1-thread-9 read data:73a8bfcc-7cb9-4a36-aa06-ecbf90c3e612 c334bb7a-1dfe-4f64-a996-1ba6f714710e 7266821f-dc72-4a17-8891-6b7ec80a047b e5fd7de9-3b5c-4a50-8dcb-539d3ca398fd 
    read thread pool-1-thread-9 end read data
    

      从打印的结果可以看出当读的时候线程2 3、4 6、9 10分别是同时两两进行的,写的时候线程5、7、8分别是单独进行的。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shamo89/p/7244521.html
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