python 用 matplotlib 在 3D 空间中连点成线，绘制立体图形

图形预览：

  

0、import

import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

1、简单的连点成线

# 创建画布
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8),
                 facecolor='lightyellow'
                )

# 创建 3D 坐标系
ax = fig.gca(fc='whitesmoke',
               projection='3d' 
              )


# 绘制 3D 图形

ax.plot3D(xs=[2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2],    # x 轴坐标
          ys=[0, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2],    # y 轴坐标
          zs=[2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2],    # z 轴坐标
          zdir='z',    # 
          c='k',    # color
          marker='o',    # 标记点符号
          mfc='r',    # marker facecolor
          mec='g',    # marker edgecolor
          ms=10,    # size
        )


ax.plot(xs=[2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2],
        ys=[0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2],
        zs=[2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0],
        ls=':',
        color='grey',
        marker='o',
        mfc='r',
        mec='g'
       )



# 设置坐标轴标题和刻度
ax.set(xlabel='X',
       ylabel='Y',
       zlabel='Z',
       xticks=np.arange(0, 4, 0.5),
       yticks=np.arange(0, 4, 0.5),
       zticks=np.arange(0, 4, 0.5)
      )

# 调整视角
ax.view_init(elev=20,    # 仰角
             azim=40    # 方位角
            )
          
# 显示图形
plt.show()

图形：

 

2、立方体

# 创建画布
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8),
                 facecolor='lightyellow'
                )

# 创建 3D 坐标系
ax = fig.gca(fc='whitesmoke',
               projection='3d' 
              )

x = [7, 7, 7, 7, 3, 3, 3, 3]
y = [3, 7, 7, 3, 3, 7, 7, 3]
z = [7, 7, 3, 3, 7, 7, 3, 3]
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H = zip(x, y, z)

# 绘制 3D 图形
lines_1 = zip(A, B, C, D, A, E, F, G, C, B, F)
ax.plot3D(*lines_1,
          zdir='z',    # 
          c='k',    # color
          marker='o',    # 标记点符号
          mfc='r',    # marker facecolor
          mec='g',    # marker edgecolor
          ms=10,    # size
        )

lines_2 = zip(D, H, E, G, H)
ax.plot(*lines_2,
        ls=':',
        color='b',
        marker='o',
        mfc='r',
        mec='g'
       )


# 设置坐标轴标题和刻度
ax.set(xlabel='X',
       ylabel='Y',
       zlabel='Z',
       xlim=(0, 9),
       ylim=(0, 9),
       zlim=(0, 9),
       xticks=np.arange(0, 10, 2),
       yticks=np.arange(0, 10, 1),
       zticks=np.arange(0, 10, 1)
      )

# 添加顶点字母标注
for pos in list('abcdefgh'.upper()):
    ax.text(*eval(pos),
           s=pos,
           fontsize=18,
           color='darkgreen')

# 调整网格线
ax.grid() 

# 调整视角
ax.view_init(elev=15,    # 仰角
             azim=40   # 方位角
            )
     
# 显示图形
plt.show()

图形：

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