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  • python 基础之第二天

     1 [root@master script]# vim while_counter.py 
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding: utf-8
 4 
 5 sum = 0
 6 counter = 0
 7 
 8 while counter < 101:
 9 　　sum += counter
10 　　counter += 1
11 print sum
     1 [root@master script]# cat game.py 
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding: utf-8
 4 import random
 5 ch_list = ["剪刀","石头","布"]
 6 prompt = """
 7 (0) 剪刀
 8 (1) 石头
 9 (2) 布
10 请选择(0/1/2):
11 """
12 win_list = [["石头","剪刀"],["布","石头"],['剪刀',"布"]]
13 computer = random.choice(ch_list)
14 ind = int(raw_input(prompt))
15 player = ch_list[ind]
16     
17 print 'Your_choice:%s,computer_choice:%s' % (player,computer)
18 
19 if [player,computer] in win_list:
20     print '33[31;1mplayer win !!!!33[0m'
21 elif player == computer:
22     print '33[32;1m平局33[0m'
23 
24 else:
25     print '33[33;1mcomputer win!!!33[0m'

     ###############range用法################

    1 >>> range(10)
2 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
3 >>> range(1,10,2)
4 [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
5 >>> range(2,10,2)
6 [2, 4, 6, 8]
7 >>> range(10,1,-1)
8 [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]

    ##################len用法###############

     1 [fush@xm35 ~ 11:11:47]$ vim alist.py   
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding: utf-8
 4 
 5 alist = ['bob','jerry','hali','cherry']
 6 
 7 for i in range(len(alist)):
 8     print '%s: %s' %(i,alist[i])
 9 
10 [fush@xm35 ~ 11:12:11]$ python alist.py
11 0: bob
12 1: jerry
13 2: hali
14 3: cherry

    ###############斐波那契数列##############

    #!/usr/bin/python
# coding: utf-8

alist = [0,1]

for i in range(8):
    sum = alist[-1] + alist[-2]
    alist.append(sum)
for n in alist:
    print n,

[root@master script]# python fbnq.py 
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

####改进#########
[root@master script]# vim  fbnq.py   
#!/usr/bin/python
# coding: utf-8

alist = [0,1]
num = int(raw_input('Please a number: '))
for i in range(num):
    sum = alist[-1] + alist[-2]
    alist.append(sum)
for n in alist:
    print n,

[root@master script]# python fbnq.py 
Please a number: 11
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144
[root@master script]# python fbnq.py 
Please a number: 9
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55

     ###############os.system 返回码###############

    os.system()操作的结果是一个等价于echo $? 的一个值，成功为0，不成功非0值

     1 [root@master script]# vim system.py    
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding:utf-8
 4 
 5 import os
 6 
 7 result = os.system('cat /etc/passwd &> /dev/null')
 8 print result
 9 
10 [root@master script]# python system.py 
11 0

    ping 主机连通性例子：

     1 [root@master script]# vim ping.py    
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding:utf-8
 4 
 5 import os
 6 
 7 for i in range(1,255):
 8     ip = '192.168.244.%s' % i
 9     result = os.system('ping -c2 %s &> /dev/null' % ip)
10     if result:
11         print '%s: down' % ip
12     else:
13         print '%s: up' % ip
14 
15 检测：
16 [root@master script]# python ping.py 
17 192.168.244.1: down
18 192.168.244.2: up
19 192.168.244.3: down
20 192.168.244.4: down
21 192.168.244.5: down

    多线程：

    ##################解析列表##############

     1 >>> ['hello' for i in range(3)]
 2 ['hello', 'hello', 'hello']
 3 >>> [10 for i in range(3)]       
 4 [10, 10, 10]
 5 >>> [i for i in range(10)] 
 6 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 7 >>> [i**2 for i in range(10)] 
 8 [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
 9 >>> [i**2 for i in range(10) if i%2]
10 [1, 9, 25, 49, 81]

    #############文件对象##############

    1.文件读取

    例子：

    1 >>> f = open('/etc/hosts')
2 >>> data = f.read()
3 >>> print data,
4 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
5 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
6 192.168.244.200 master
7 192.168.244.201 slave1
8 192.168.244.202 slave2
9 >>> f.close()

    2.文件写入

    1 >>> f= open('hi.txt','w')
2 >>> f.write('hello
')   
3 >>> f.close()
4 >>> f= open('hi.txt','a')
5 >>> f.write('fush
')
6 >>> f.flush()
    注释：‘w’表示以只写方式，不能读取，再次写入内容会覆盖前面的内容，‘a’ 追加内容
    >>> f.writelines(['1st line.
','2th line.
'])

    [root@master script]# cat /root/hi.txt
    111
    1st line.
    2th line.

    ###########cp例子###########

     1 [root@master script]# vim cp.py        
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding:utf-8
 4 
 5 f = open('/etc/passwd')
 6 k = open('/root/passwd','a')
 7 while True:
 8     data = f.read(4096)
 9     if not data:
10         break
11     k.write(data)
12 
13 f.close()
14 k.close()
15 
16 检测：
17 [root@master script]# python cp.py
18 [root@master script]# cat /root/passwd 
19 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
20 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
21 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
22 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
23 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
24 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
25 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
26 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
27 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
28 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
29 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
30 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
31 gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
32 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
33 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
34 vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
35 saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
36 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
37 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

     1 改进版：函数方式
 2 
 3 [root@master script]# vim cp.py       
 4 #!/usr/bin/python
 5 # coding:utf-8
 6 
 7 def cp(sfname,dfname):
 8     f = open(sfname)
 9     k = open(dfname,'w')
10     while True:
11          data = f.read(4096)
12          if not data:
13              break
14          k.write(data)
15 
16     f.close()
17     k.close()
18 sname = raw_input('source_name: ')
19 dname = raw_input('destination_name: ')
20 cp(sname,dname)
21 
22 检测：
23 [root@master script]# python cp.py    
24 source_name: /etc/passwd
25 destination_name: /usr/local/src/passwd         
26 [root@master script]# cat /usr/local/src/passwd
27 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
28 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
29 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
30 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
31 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
32 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
33 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
34 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
35 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
36 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
37 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
38 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
39 gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
40 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
41 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
42 vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
43 saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
44 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
45 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
     1 增强版：
 2 [root@master script]# vim cp.py
 3 #!/usr/bin/python
 4 # coding:utf-8
 5 
 6 import sys
 7 def cp(sfname,dfname):
 8     f = open(sfname)
 9     k = open(dfname,'w')
10     while True:
11          data = f.read(4096)
12          if not data:
13              break
14          k.write(data)
15 
16     f.close()
17     k.close()
18 cp(sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2])
19 
20 检测：
21 [root@master script]# python cp.py /etc/hosts /home/zhuji
22 [root@master script]# cat !$
23 cat /home/zhuji
24 127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
25 ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
26 192.168.244.200 master
27 192.168.244.201 slave1
28 192.168.244.202 slave2

    ##############函数初识##################

    [root@master ~]# vim func01.py   
#!/usr/bin/python
# coding:utf-8

def pstar():
    print '*' * 20
    print '#' * 20

a= pstar()
print a

[root@master ~]# python func01.py
********************
####################
None             
    备注：当函数没有返回值，返回None
    形参例子：
     1     [root@master ~]# vim func01.py 
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding:utf-8
 4 
 5 def pstar(num):
 6     return '*' * num
 7 
 8 n = int(raw_input('number: '))
 9     print pstar(n)
10 
11 
12 [root@master ~]# python func01.py
13 number: 15
14 ***************

    默认参数例子：

    [root@master ~]# vim func01.py
    #!/usr/bin/python
    # coding:utf-8

    def pstar(num=20):
         return '*' * num

    n = int(raw_input('number: '))
    print pstar()
    print pstar(n)

    [root@master ~]# python func01.py
    number: 15
    ********************
    ***************

    备注：调用函数不带参数时，用默认参数20；有带参数时，不用默认，会覆盖默认的参数

    ##############函数的位置参数#############

     1 [root@master script]# vim position.py
 2 #!/usr/bin/python
 3 # coding:utf-8
 4 
 5 import sys
 6 
 7 print sys.argv
 8 
 9 检测：
10 [root@master script]# ./position.py 
11 ['./position.py']
12 [root@master script]# ./position.py hello
13 ['./position.py', 'hello']
14 [root@master script]# ./position.py hello fush
15 ['./position.py', 'hello', 'fush']
    备注：sys.argv 是一个list

    ###############模块相关################

     1 >>> import string
 2 >>> string.upper('abc')
 3 'ABC'
 4 >>> string.__file__
 5 '/usr/lib64/python2.6/string.pyc'     ###string模块文件位置
 6 
 7 查看模块文件：
 8 [root@master script]# vim /usr/lib64/python2.6/string.py
 9 """A collection of string operations (most are no longer used).
10 
11 Warning: most of the code you see here isn't normally used nowadays.
12 Beginning with Python 1.6, many of these functions are implemented as
13 """A collection of string operations (most are no longer used).
     1 导入模块：
 2 >>> from random import choice    ##只导入random的choice
 3 >>> choice('adfe')
 4 'a'
 5 >>> choice('adfe')
 6 'a'
 7 >>> choice('adfe')
 8 'd'
 9 >>> choice('adfe')
10 'd'
11 >>> choice('adfe')
12 'e'
13 >>> choice('adfe')
14 'f'
15 >>> random.choice('fush')          ###前面没有导入random，会报错
16 Traceback (most recent call last):
17   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
18 NameError: name 'random' is not defined
19 >>> import random as rdm     ##把random模块起了个别名rdm
20 >>> rdm.choice('fush')
21 's'
22 >>> rdm.choice('fush')
23 's'
24 >>> rdm.choice('fush')
25 'f'
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/shanhua-fu/p/7241203.html
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