UNP学习笔记（1）Sockets Introduction：Socket Address Structure

1. 1、IPv4 Socket Address Structure

struct in_addr {
  in_addr_t   s_addr;           /* 32-bit IPv4 address */
                                /* network byte ordered */
};

struct sockaddr_in {
  uint8_t         sin_len;      /* length of structure (16) */
  sa_family_t     sin_family;   /* AF_INET */
  in_port_t       sin_port;     /* 16-bit TCP or UDP port number */
                                /* network byte ordered */
  struct in_addr  sin_addr;     /* 32-bit IPv4 address */
                                /* network byte ordered */
  char            sin_zero[8];  /* unused */
};

定义在：<netinet/in.h>

2、Generic Socket Address Structure

struct sockaddr {
  uint8_t      sa_len;
  sa_family_t  sa_family;    /* address family: AF_xxx value */
  char         sa_data[14];  /* protocol-specific address */
};

定义在：<sys/socket.h>

这个结构是通用的，符合ANSI C,所以socket函数都使用此结构作为参数进行传递。比如：

1. int bind(int, struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
2. 故在使用IPv4 Socket Address Structure时，就会有以下的转换：

struct sockaddr_in  serv;      /* IPv4 socket address structure */

/* fill in serv{} */

bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv, sizeof(serv));

3、IPv6 Socket Address Structure

3. 
   

struct in6_addr {
  uint8_t  s6_addr[16];          /* 128-bit IPv6 address */
                                 /* network byte ordered */
};

#define SIN6_LEN      /* required for compile-time tests */

struct sockaddr_in6 {
  uint8_t         sin6_len;      /* length of this struct (28) */
  sa_family_t     sin6_family;   /* AF_INET6 */
  in_port_t       sin6_port;     /* transport layer port# */
                                 /* network byte ordered */
  uint32_t        sin6_flowinfo; /* flow information, undefined */
  struct in6_addr sin6_addr;     /* IPv6 address */
                                 /* network byte ordered */
  uint32_t        sin6_scope_id; /* set of interfaces for a scope */
};
4、New Generic Socket Address Structure

struct sockaddr_storage {
  uint8_t      ss_len;       /* length of this struct (implementation dependent) */
  sa_family_t  ss_family;    /* address family: AF_xxx value */
  /* implementation-dependent elements to provide:
   * a) alignment sufficient to fulfill the alignment requirements of
   *    all socket address types that the system supports.
   * b) enough storage to hold any type of socket address that the
   *    system supports.
   */
};