Zipkin 分布式数据追踪系统

Zipkin 是一个分布式数据追踪系统，适用于微服务架构下的调用链路数据采集及分析工作。

可通过一个 Web 前端轻松的收集和分析数据，例如用户每次请求服务的处理时间等，可方便的监测系统中存在的瓶颈。

一、配置 Java 环境 安装 JDK

Zipkin 使用 Java8

yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -y
java -version

二、安装 Zipkin 

1、创建zipkin安装目录
mkdir -p /opt/server/zipkin && cd "$_"

2、下载 Zipkin
wget -O zipkin.jar 'https://search.maven.org/remote_content?g=io.zipkin.java&a=zipkin-server&v=LATEST&c=exec'

3、启动 Zipkin （nohup & 可以进行后台运行 ）
java -jar zipkin.jar

　　 Zipkin 默认监听 9411 端口

三、配置 MySQL 数据持久化 

　　1、Zipkin 支持的持久化方案很多： Cassandra, MySQL, Elasticsearch。

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server -y
systemctl start mysqld.service

设置 mysql 密码 创建一个zipkin 库；
mysql -uroot -p

> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd';

> create database zipkin;

exit

　　2、创建 Zipkin初始化文件  zipkin_init.sql 

　　　  创建了 zipkin_annotations, zipkin_dependencies, zipkin_spans 三张数据表

# cat /opt/server/zipkin/zipkin_init.sql

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
`trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
`trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
`id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
`parent_id` BIGINT,
`debug` BIT(1),
`start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
`duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_annotations';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
`trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
`trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
`span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
`a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
`a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
`a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
`a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
`endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
`endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
`endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
`endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
`day` DATE NOT NULL,
`parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
`child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
`call_count` BIGINT
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);

　　3、初始化导入：

mysql -u root --password='passwd'

> use zipkin; 
> source /opt/server/zipkin/zipkin_init.sql 
> show tables;
> exit

四、重新启动 zipkin

cd /opt/server/zipkin
STORAGE_TYPE=mysql MYSQL_HOST=localhost MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 MYSQL_DB=zipkin MYSQL_USER=root MYSQL_PASS='passwd' 
nohup java -jar zipkin.jar &

五、创建一个dome 示例

　　1、搭建 NodeJS 环境

curl --silent --location https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo bash -
yum install nodejs -y

　　2、创建 /opt/server/service_testing 工作目录

mkdir -p /opt/server/service_testing 

　　3、在 /opt/server/service_testing 目录下创建并编辑 package.json

# cat /opt/server/service_testing/package.json

{
"name": "service_testing",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {},
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"dependencies": {
"express": "^4.15.3",
"zipkin": "^0.7.2",
"zipkin-instrumentation-express": "^0.7.2",
"zipkin-transport-http": "^0.7.2"
}
}

　　4、安装相关依赖

# npm install

　　5、创建并编辑 app.js

# cat /opt/server/service_testing/app.js

const express = require('express');
const {Tracer, ExplicitContext, BatchRecorder} = require('zipkin');
const {HttpLogger} = require('zipkin-transport-http');
const zipkinMiddleware = require('zipkin-instrumentation-express').expressMiddleware;

const ctxImpl = new ExplicitContext();
const recorder = new BatchRecorder({
logger: new HttpLogger( {
endpoint: 'http://127.0.0.1:9411/api/v1/spans'
})
});

const tracer = new Tracer({ctxImpl, recorder});

const app = express();

app.use(zipkinMiddleware({
tracer,
serviceName: 'service-testing'
}));

app.use('/', (req, res, next) => {
res.send('hello one');
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('service-testing listening on port 3000!')
});

　　6、启动服务 （监听 3000 端口）http://IP:3000

# node app.js

六、zipkin 访问 http://IP:9411