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  • 系统设计以及javascript笔记:用户行为分析研究之数据采集

    1.1用户行为分析的重要性

      用户行为分析的重要性,我想做个网站的人都会用很清晰的认识,本来我想谈谈自己想法,但感觉自己毕竟还是做技术的,很难清晰的从商业价值的角度来分析它的重要性,因此放弃了想阐述自己意见的想法。当我第一次见到百度统计,和谷歌分析网站,就有那种惊鸿一瞥的激动,很想自己也能写出一套这样的网站,这也是我持续研究用户行为分析的初衷。

      我估计还是有很多童鞋对“用户行为分析”的概念比较陌生,这里将百度百科里的解释在这里贴出来,抛砖引玉,希望能有更多的志同道合者跟我一起研究这个主题,百度百科的地址如下:

      http://baike.baidu.com/view/2330219.htm

      好了,废话不多说了,马上就进入正题。

    1.2     设计优秀的数据采集系统

      对于大型网站而言,网站响应速度是网站是否优秀一个重要衡量标准,下面我引用一些权威机构的统计数据来说明网站响应速度的重要性:

      用户行为分析的前提就是能准确的采集到用户的相关数据,这就需要我们在网站页面里添加采集数据的代码,如果我们的采集代码写的不好,一定会对网站的性能产生一定的影响,更有甚者还会影响到网站的稳定性。因此设计一套性能卓越,安全性好,耦合度很低的日志采集程序是非常重要的。

      这里我提供一套采集数据方案,方案详情如下:

      我是做java的程序员,经常使用到的web应用服务器是tomact,jboss,weblogic等等,我这里为什么不使用这些我非常熟悉的web应用服务器,而去选择功能相对单一的apache或者是nginx呢?理由非常简单,因为apache和nginx速度更快,更加轻量级,这个经验来源于我做网站的经验,大型网站的服务端设计是很复杂的,但基本都有一个共同的原则:当用户一个请求提交到了服务端,服务端会先判断这个请求,如果请求的是一些对静态资源的访问(比如图片,不会变化的文字等),请求会直接提交到响应的静态资源服务器集群,这样速度会更快,而这些静态资源服务器基本都是apache或者是像nginx这样的轻量级web服务器集群。

    1.3    采集系统之服务端

      本地开发,我就不去搭建集群了,有兴趣的童鞋可以在网上查查相关的资料。本地开发我就搭建一个apache服务器。

      服务器的开发非常简单,只要修改下apache下的conf文件(注意:我的开发平台是window7),代码如下:

    <IfModule log_config_module>
        LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
        LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b" common
    
        <IfModule logio_module>
          # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
          LogFormat "%h %l %u %t [%{%Y-%m-%d %T}t] \"%r\" [%q] [%U] %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
        </IfModule>   

    在htdocs文件夹里添加如下文件:

    1)         a.gif。(1*1像素的透明文件)

    2)         click.html。(用于记录点击日志)

    3)         error.html。(记录错误信息日志)

    启动apache服务器,我们在浏览器录入如下地址:

    http://127.0.0.1/a.gif?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test

    在logs文件夹里找到2012_06_26.access.log文件,打开文件,我们会看到如下日志:

    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:11:37:07 +0800] [2012-06-26 11:37:07] "GET /a.gif?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test HTTP/1.1" [?name=sharpxiajun&msg=test] [/a.gif] 200 43

    访问请求被完整的记录下来了。

    1.4     采集系统之客户端

      采集系统的核心还是客户端的采集脚本,这里我会贴出完整的采集脚本以及测试页面,代码的详细解析我会在以后的博客里进行阐述。

      我的采集脚本可以记录用户访问的日志,还能记录用户的点击日志,不过点击日志一般包含业务含义需要用户根据自己的需求去定义。代码如下:

    up_beacon.js:

    View Code
    (function(window,document,undefined){
        // upLogger对象是采集脚本对外提供的操作对象
        if (window.upLogger){//如果不为空,直接返回,避免重复安装
            return;
        }
        var upBeaconUtil ={//日志记录工具类
            jsName:'up_beacon.js',//程序名称
            defaultVer:20120607,//版本日期
            getVersion:function(){//获取版本号
                var e = this.jsName;
                var a = new RegExp(e + "(\\?(.*))?$");
                var d = document.getElementsByTagName("script");
                for (var i = 0;i < d.length;i++){
                    var b = d[i];
                    if (b.src && b.src.match(a)){
                        var z = b.src.match(a)[2];
                        if (z && (/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/).test(z)){
                             return z;
                        }
                    }
                }
                return this.defaultVer;
            },
            setCookie:function(sName,sValue,oExpires,sPath,sDomain,bSecure){//设置cookie信息
                var currDate = new Date(),
                    sExpires = typeof oExpires == 'undefined'?'':';expires=' + new Date(currDate.getTime() + (oExpires * 24 * 60 * 60* 1000)).toUTCString();
                document.cookie = sName + '=' + sValue + sExpires + ((sPath == null)?'':(' ;path=' + sPath)) + ((sDomain == null)?'':(' ;domain=' + sDomain)) + ((bSecure == true)?' ; secure':'');
            },
            getCookie:function(sName){//获取cookie信息
                var regRes = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )" + sName + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"));
                return (regRes != null)?unescape(regRes[2]):'-';
            },
            getRand:function(){// 生产页面的唯一标示
                var currDate = new Date();
                var randId = currDate.getTime() + '-';    
                for (var i = 0;i < 32;i++)
                {
                    randId += Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);    
                }
                return randId;
            },
            parseError:function(obj){
                var retVal = '';
                for (var key in obj){
                    retVal += key + '=' + obj[key] + ';';    
                }
                return retVal;
            },
            getParam:function(obj,flag){// 参数转化方法
                var retVal = null;
                if (obj){
                    if (upBeaconUtil.isString(obj) || upBeaconUtil.isNumber(obj)){
                        retVal = obj;    
                    }else{
                        if (upBeaconUtil.isObject(obj)){
                            var tmpStr = '';
                            for (var key in obj){
                                if (obj[key] != null && obj[key] != undefined){
                                    var tmpObj = obj[key];
                                    if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(tmpObj)){
                                        tmpObj = tmpObj.join(',');    
                                    }else{
                                        if (upBeaconUtil.isDate(tmpObj)){
                                            tmpObj = tmpObj.getTime();    
                                        }
                                    }
                                    tmpStr += key + '=' + tmpObj + '&';
                                }
                            }
                            tmpStr = tmpStr.substring(0,tmpStr.length - 1);
                            retVal = tmpStr;
                        }else{
                            if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(obj)){
                                if (upBeaconUtil.length & upBeaconUtil.length > 0){
                                    retVal = obj.join(',');
                                }
                            }else{
                                retVal = obj.toString();    
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                if (!retVal){
                    retVal = '-';    
                }
                
                if (flag){
                    retVal = encodeURIComponent(retVal);
                    retVal = this.base64encode(retVal);
                }
                return retVal;
            },
            base64encode: function(G) {//base64加密
                var A = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
                var C, E, z;
                var F, D, B;
                z = G.length;
                E = 0;
                C = "";
                while (E < z) {
                    F = G.charCodeAt(E++) & 255;
                    if (E == z) {
                        C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
                        C += A.charAt((F & 3) << 4);
                        C += "==";
                        break
                    }
                    D = G.charCodeAt(E++);
                    if (E == z) {
                        C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
                        C += A.charAt(((F & 3) << 4) | ((D & 240) >> 4));
                        C += A.charAt((D & 15) << 2);
                        C += "=";
                        break
                    }
                    B = G.charCodeAt(E++);
                    C += A.charAt(F >> 2);
                    C += A.charAt(((F & 3) << 4) | ((D & 240) >> 4));
                    C += A.charAt(((D & 15) << 2) | ((B & 192) >> 6));
                    C += A.charAt(B & 63)
                }
                return C
            },
            getDomain:function(){//获取网站的域名
                return document.URL.substring(document.URL.indexOf("://") + 3,document.URL.lastIndexOf("\/"));
            },
            isString:function(obj){// 判断是不是String类型
                return (obj != null) && (obj != undefined) && (typeof obj == 'string') && (obj.constructor == String);    
            },
            isNumber:function(obj){// 判断是否是数组
                return (typeof obj == 'number') && (obj.constructor == Number);    
            },
            isDate:function(obj){// 判断是否是日期
                return obj && (typeof obj == 'object') && (obj.constructor == Date);
            },
            isArray:function(obj){//判断是否是数组
                return obj && (typeof obj == 'object') && (obj.constructor == Array);    
            },
            isObject:function(obj){//判断是否是对象
                return obj && (typeof obj == 'object') && (obj.constructor == Object)    
            },
            trim:function(str){// 去除左右两边空格
                return str.replace(/(^\s*)|(\s*$)/, "");;
            }
        },
        beacon_vist_num = isNaN(beacon_vist_num = +upBeaconUtil.getCookie('up_beacon_vist_count')) ? 1:beacon_vist_num + 1;// 从cookie里获取访问次数
        upBeaconUtil.setCookie('up_beacon_vist_count',beacon_vist_num);//记录新的访问次数
        var setUpBeaconId = function(){
            var sUpBeaconId = upBeaconUtil.trim(upBeaconUtil.getCookie('up_beacon_id'));
            if (sUpBeaconId == undefined || sUpBeaconId == null || sUpBeaconId == '' || sUpBeaconId == '-'){
                upBeaconUtil.setCookie('up_beacon_id',(upBeaconUtil.getDomain() + '.' + (new Date()).getTime()));
            }        
        }(),
        beaconMethod = {
            uvId:'up_beacon_id',// 
            memId:'up_dw_track'    ,
            beaconUrl:'127.0.0.1/a.gif',//记录访问日志的url
            errorUrl:'127.0.0.1/error.html',//记录错误日志的url
            clickUrl:'127.0.0.1/click.html',//记录click日志的url 
            pageId:typeof _beacon_pageid != 'undefined'?_beacon_pageid:(_beacon_pageid = upBeaconUtil.getRand()),//生产pageId(页面唯一标示)
            protocol:function(){//请求的协议例如http://
                var reqHeader = location.protocol;
                if ('file:' === reqHeader){
                    reqHeader = 'http:';    
                }
                return reqHeader + '//';
            },
            tracking:function(){// 记录访问日志的方法(对外)
                this.beaconLog();
            },
            getRefer:function(){// 获取上游页面信息
                var reqRefer = document.referrer;
                reqRefer == location.href && (reqRefer = '');
                try{
                    reqRefer = '' == reqRefer ? opener.location:reqRefer;
                    reqRefer = '' == reqRefer ? '-':reqRefer;
                }catch(e){
                    reqRefer = '-';
                }
                return reqRefer;
            },
            beaconLog:function(){// 记录访问日志方法
                try{
                    var httpHeadInd = document.URL.indexOf('://'),
                        httpUrlContent = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(document.URL.substring(httpHeadInd + 2)) + '}',
                        hisPageUrl = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(this.getRefer()) + '}',
                        ptId = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(this.memId),
                        cId = upBeaconUtil.getCookie(this.uvId),
                        btsVal = upBeaconUtil.getCookie('b_t_s'),
                        beanconMObj = {};
                    var btsFlag = btsVal == '-' || btsVal.indexOf('s') == -1;
                    if (ptId != '-'){
                        beanconMObj.memId = ptId;    
                    }
                    if (btsFlag){
                        beanconMObj.subIsNew = 1;
                        upBeaconUtil.setCookie('b_t_s',btsVal == '-' ? 's' : (btsVal + 's'),10000,'/');
                    }else{
                        beanconMObj.subIsNew = 0;    
                    }
                    var logParams = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam(beanconMObj) + '}',
                        logPageId = this.pageId,
                        logTitle = document.title;
                    if (logTitle.length > 25){
                        logTitle = logTitle.substring(0,25);
                    }
                    logTitle = encodeURIComponent(logTitle);
                    var logCharset = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') != -1) ? document.charset : document.characterSet,
                        logQuery = '{' + upBeaconUtil.getParam({
                            pageId:logPageId,
                            title:logTitle,
                            charset:logCharset,
                            sr:(window.screen.width + '*' + window.screen.height)
                        }) + '}';
                    var sparam = {
                        logUrl:httpUrlContent,
                        logHisRefer:hisPageUrl,
                        logParams:logParams,
                        logQuery:logQuery
                    };
                    this.sendRequest(this.beaconUrl,sparam);
                }catch(ex){
                    this.sendError(ex);    
                }
            },
            clickLog:function(sparam){// 记录点击日志
                try{
                    // 获得pageId
                    var clickPageId = this.pageId;
                    if (!clickPageId){// 当pageId值为空,重新计算pageId
                        this.pageId = upBeaconUtil.getRand();
                        clickPageId    = this.pageId;
                    }
                    var clickAuthId = this.authId;//authId是针对某个网站的唯一标示
                    if (!clickAuthId){
                        clickAuthId = '-';    
                    }
                    if (upBeaconUtil.isObject(sparam)){// 当传入参数是javascript对象
                        sparam.pageId = clickPageId;
                        sparam.authId = clickAuthId;    
                    }else{
                        if (upBeaconUtil.isString(sparam) && sparam.indexOf('=') > 0){// 当传入参数是字符串
                            sparam += '&pageId=' + clickPageId + "&authId=" + clickAuthId;
                        }else{
                            if (upBeaconUtil.isArray(sparam)){// 当传入参数是数组
                                sparam.push("pageId=" + clickPageId);
                                sparam.push("authId=" + clickAuthId);
                                sparam = sparam.join('&');//数组转化为字符串
                            }else{// 其他数据类型
                                sparam = {pageId:clickPageId,authId:clickAuthId};    
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    this.sendRequest(this.clickUrl, sparam);// 发送点击日志
                }catch(ex){
                    this.sendError(ex);        
                }
            },
            sendRequest:function(url,params){// 日志发送方法
                var urlParam = '',currDate = new Date();
                try{
                    if (params){
                        urlParam = upBeaconUtil.getParam(params,false);
                        urlParam = (urlParam == '')?urlParam:(urlParam + '&');
                    }
                    var tmpUrlParam = 'ver=' + upBeaconUtil.getVersion() + '&time=' + currDate.getTime();
                    url = this.protocol() + url + '?' + urlParam + tmpUrlParam;
                    
                    var logImage = new Image();
                    logImage.onload = function(){
                        logImage = null;    
                    }
                    logImage.src = url;
                }catch(e){
                    this.sendError(e);
                }
            },
            sendError:function(ex){// 发送错误日志
                var errURIParams = upBeaconUtil.parseError(ex),
                    errURL = this.errorUrl + '?type=send&exception=' + encodeURIComponent(errURIParams.toString()),
                    errImage = new Image();
                errImage.onload = function(){
                    errImage = null;    
                };
                errImage.src = this.protocol() + errURL;
            }
        };
        beaconMethod.tracking();
        window.upLogger = beaconMethod;//构建window的upLogger对象
    })(window,document);

    install_up_beacon.js文件,这个文件对外提供:

    (function(window,document,undefined){
        /*安装采集脚本的js程序*/
        // upLogger对象是采集脚本对外提供的操作对象
        if (window.upLogger){//如果不为空,直接返回,避免重复安装
            return;
        }
        var cookieUtil = {//cookie操作工具类
            setCookie:function(sName,sValue,oExpires,sPath,sDomain,bSecure){
                var currDate = new Date(),
                    sExpires = typeof oExpires == 'undefined'?'':';expires=' + new Date(currDate.getTime() + (oExpires * 24 * 60 * 60* 1000)).toUTCString();
                document.cookie = sName + '=' + sValue + sExpires + ((sPath == null)?'':(' ;path=' + sPath)) + ((sDomain == null)?'':(' ;domain=' + sDomain)) + ((bSecure == true)?' ; secure':'');
            },
            getCookie:function(sName){
                var regRes = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )" + sName + "=([^;]*)(;|$)"));
                return (regRes != null)?unescape(regRes[2]):'-';
            }        
        };
        var btsVal = cookieUtil.getCookie('b_t_s'),//b_t_s的cookie作用1.标识该页面是否已经安装了采集脚本;2.记录采集脚本的有效期
            startTime = 0,
            intervalTime = 3 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000,
            currIntervalTime = new Date().getTime() - 1200000000000,
            domainHead = (document.URL.substring(0,document.URL.indexOf('://'))) + '://';
        if (btsVal != '-' && btsVal.indexOf('t') != -1){
            var getBtsTime = btsVal.substring(btsVal.indexOf('t') + 1,btsVal.indexOf('x'));
                getCurrInterVal = currIntervalTime - getBtsTime;
            if (getCurrInterVal > intervalTime){
                startTime = currIntervalTime;
                cookieUtil.setCookie('b_t_s',btsVal.replace('t' + getBtsTime + 'x', 't' + currIntervalTime + 'x'), 10000, '/');
            }else{
                startTime = getBtsTime;
            }
        }else{
            if (btsVal == '-'){
                cookieUtil.setCookie('b_t_s','t' + currIntervalTime + 'x', 10000, '/');    
            }else{
                cookieUtil.setCookie('b_t_s',btsVal + 't' + currIntervalTime + 'x', 10000, '/');        
            }
            startTime = currIntervalTime;
        }
        document.write('<script src="' + domainHead + '127.0.0.1/up_beacon.js?' + startTime + '"><\/script>');//安装采集脚本
    })(window,document);

    下面是测试页面;

    第一个测试页面:testbeacon.html,代码如下:

    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>beacon test page</title>
    </head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="install_up_beacon.js"></script>
    <body>
    <h1>日志测试</h1>
    <input type="button" value="Click Button" id="clickBtn" name="clickBtn" onclick="clickLog('testClickBtn','MyTest')"/>
    </body>
    </html>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    // 用户行为统计代码
    function recordStaticLogerr(authId,type,msg){
        if (window.upLogger){
            upLogger.authId = authId;
            upLogger.clickLog('type=' + type + '&clickTarget=' + msg);    
        }
    }
    
    // 记录click日志的方法
    function clickLog(clog_msg,clog_type){
        var clog_authId    = 'sharpxiajun';
        recordStaticLogerr(clog_authId,clog_type,clog_msg);    
    }
    </script>

    第二个测试页面:parent.html,代码如下:

    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>parent html</title>
    </head>
    
    <body>
    <a href="testbeacon.html" target="_self">child.html</a>
    </body>
    </html>

    1.5     测试结果

    测试地址:

    http://localhost/testbeacon.html

    http://localhost/parent.html

    我们查看cookies信息,如下图:

    日志信息如下:

    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:52 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:52] "GET /parent.html HTTP/1.1" [] [/parent.html] 304 -
    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /testbeacon.html HTTP/1.1" [] [/testbeacon.html] 304 -
    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /install_up_beacon.js HTTP/1.1" [] [/install_up_beacon.js] 304 -
    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /up_beacon.js?140675524644 HTTP/1.1" [?140675524644] [/up_beacon.js] 304 -
    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:01:54 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:01:54] "GET /a.gif?logUrl={/localhost/testbeacon.html}&logHisRefer={http://localhost/parent.html}&logParams={subIsNew=0}&logQuery={pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&title=beacon%20test%20page&charset=UTF-8&sr=1280*1024}&ver=140675524644&time=1340676114791 HTTP/1.1" [?logUrl={/localhost/testbeacon.html}&logHisRefer={http://localhost/parent.html}&logParams={subIsNew=0}&logQuery={pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&title=beacon%20test%20page&charset=UTF-8&sr=1280*1024}&ver=140675524644&time=1340676114791] [/a.gif] 200 43
    127.0.0.1 - - [26/Jun/2012:10:02:01 +0800] [2012-06-26 10:02:01] "GET /click.html?type=MyTest&clickTarget=testClickBtn&pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&authId=sharpxiajun&ver=140675524644&time=1340676121252 HTTP/1.1" [?type=MyTest&clickTarget=testClickBtn&pageId=1340676114790-42900296489937289847295051780050&authId=sharpxiajun&ver=140675524644&time=1340676121252] [/click.html] 200 310

    大家看到了吧,请求都被记录下来,下面我们只要好好分析这些日志文件的信息就行了。

     pdf下载地址:

    https://files.cnblogs.com/sharpxiajun/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%87%87%E9%9B%86.pdf

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sharpxiajun/p/2563509.html
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