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  • linux操作系统中安装mysql

    1、安装
    查看有没有安装过:
              yum list installed mysql*
              rpm -qa | grep mysql*

    查看有没有安装包:
              yum list mysql*

    安装mysql客户端:
              yum install mysql

    安装mysql 服务器端:
              yum install mysql-server

    配置MySQL
    [root@sample ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf  ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
    # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
    old_passwords=1  ← 找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
    default-character-set = utf8 ← 添加这一行
    然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句:
    [mysql]
    default-character-set = utf8

    启动MySQL服务
    [root@sample ~]# chkconfig mysqld on  ← 设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动
    [root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld  ← 确认MySQL自启动
    mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off  ← 如果2--5为on的状态就OK
    [root@sample ~]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start  ← 启动MySQL服务
    Initializing MySQL database:         [ OK ]
    Starting MySQL:              [ OK ]
    MySQL初始环境设定

    [1]为MySQL的root用户设置密码
    MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候,它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
    [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root  ← 用root用户登录MySQL服务器
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2 to server version: 4.1.20
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
    mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
    +------+------------------------------+---------------+
    | user | host          | password |
    +------+------------------------------+---------------+
    | root | localhost        |       |  ← root密码为空
    | root | sample.centospub.com  |       |  ← root密码为空
    |   | sample.centospub.com |       |
    |   | localhost       |       |
    |root | %                                 |XXX      |
    |   |                            |       |
    +------+------------------------------+---------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('在这里填入root密码');  ← 设置root密码
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql> set password for root@'sample.centospub.com'=password('在这里填入root密码');  ← 设置root密码
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)只有设置了这个才可以,才可以通过数据库来安装网址


    mysql> set password for root@'xxx'=password('xxx');  ← 设置root密码
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
    +------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
    | user | host          | password     |
    +------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
    | root | localhost        | 19b68057189b027f |  ← root密码被设置
    | root | sample.centospub.com   | 19b68057189b027f |  ← root密码被设置
    |    | sample.centospub.com   |          |
    |    | localhost        |          |
    +------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
    Bye
    然后,测试一下root密码有没有生效。
    [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root  ← 通过空密码用root登录
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)  ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
    [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com  ← 通过空密码用root登录
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'  (using password: NO)  ← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功
    [root@sample ~]#mysql -u root -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
    Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.  ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
    Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 4.1.20
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
    mysql> exit
    Bye
    [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -h sample.centospub.com -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
    Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.  ← 确认用密码能够成功登录
    Your MySQL connection id is 6 to server version: 4.1.20
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
    mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
    Bye


    [2] 删除匿名用户
    在MySQL刚刚被安装后,存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患,将匿名用户删除。
    [root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p  ← 通过密码用root登录
    Enter password:  ← 在这里输入密码
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 7 to server version: 4.1.20
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.
    mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
    +------+----------------------------+
    | user | host         |
    +------+----------------------------+
    |   | localhost       |
    | root | localhost       |
    |   | sample.centospub.com |
    | root | sample.centospub.com  |
    +------+----------------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.02 sec)
    mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';  ← 删除匿名用户
    Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.17 sec)
    mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ← 查看用户信息
    +------+----------------------------+
    | user | host         |
    +------+----------------------------+
    | root | localhost      |
    | root | sample.centospub.com |
    +------+----------------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    mysql> exit  ← 退出MySQL服务器
    Bye
    好了,下面都不是必须的




    忘记密码:
              service mysqld stop

              mysqld_safe --user=root --skip-grant-tables

              mysql -u root

              use mysql

              update user set password=password("new_pass") where user="root";

              flush privileges;  
    数据库目录
             /var/lib/mysql/
    配置文件
             /usr/share /mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
    相关命令
             /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shenming/p/3522878.html
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