snapkit equalto和multipliedby方法

最近在使用snapkit过程中遇到一个问题，在github上搜索之后发现另外一个有趣的问题

frameImageContainer.snp.makeConstraints({ (make) in 
    make.width.equalTo(295).multipliedBy(0.2) 
    make.height.equalTo(355).multipliedBy(0.2) 
    make.top.equalToSuperview().offset(self.view.frame.height/8) 
    make.centerX.equalToSuperview(); 
})

看起来很理所当然的，明显不可以这样写，但是具体是什么原因呢，明明没有报任何错误和警告，但是.multipliedBy()方法却没有效果，那我们来看一下snapkit源码。

1.首先点进equalTo()方法，代码是这样的：

@discardableResult
    public func equalTo(_ other: ConstraintRelatableTarget, _ file: String = #file, _ line: UInt = #line) -> ConstraintMakerEditable {
        return self.relatedTo(other, relation: .equal, file: file, line: line)
    }

再点进relatedTo()方法：

internal func relatedTo(_ other: ConstraintRelatableTarget, relation: ConstraintRelation, file: String, line: UInt) -> ConstraintMakerEditable {
        let related: ConstraintItem
        let constant: ConstraintConstantTarget
        
        if let other = other as? ConstraintItem {
            guard other.attributes == ConstraintAttributes.none ||
                  other.attributes.layoutAttributes.count <= 1 ||
                  other.attributes.layoutAttributes == self.description.attributes.layoutAttributes ||
                  other.attributes == .edges && self.description.attributes == .margins ||
                  other.attributes == .margins && self.description.attributes == .edges else {
                fatalError("Cannot constraint to multiple non identical attributes. ((file), (line))");
            }
            
            related = other
            constant = 0.0
        } else if let other = other as? ConstraintView {
            related = ConstraintItem(target: other, attributes: ConstraintAttributes.none)
            constant = 0.0
        } else if let other = other as? ConstraintConstantTarget {
            related = ConstraintItem(target: nil, attributes: ConstraintAttributes.none)
            constant = other
        } else if #available(iOS 9.0, OSX 10.11, *), let other = other as? ConstraintLayoutGuide {
            related = ConstraintItem(target: other, attributes: ConstraintAttributes.none)
            constant = 0.0
        } else {
            fatalError("Invalid constraint. ((file), (line))")
        }
        
        let editable = ConstraintMakerEditable(self.description)
        editable.description.sourceLocation = (file, line)
        editable.description.relation = relation
        editable.description.related = related
        editable.description.constant = constant
        return editable
    }

可以看到上面红色部分，此时other可以转换为ConstraintConstantTarget类型，设置related的target为nil，attributes为none，constant设置为other，最后将这些变量赋值给description属性保存。

2.multipliedBy()方法：

@discardableResult
    public func multipliedBy(_ amount: ConstraintMultiplierTarget) -> ConstraintMakerEditable {
        self.description.multiplier = amount
        return self
    }

可以看到，multipliedBy方法中只是简单的赋值，将amout值复制到description中保存。

3.再来看一下makeConstraints()方法：

internal static func makeConstraints(item: LayoutConstraintItem, closure: (_ make: ConstraintMaker) -> Void) {
        let maker = ConstraintMaker(item: item)
        closure(maker)
        var constraints: [Constraint] = []
        for description in maker.descriptions {
            guard let constraint = description.constraint else {
                continue
            }
            constraints.append(constraint)
        }
        for constraint in constraints {
            constraint.activateIfNeeded(updatingExisting: false)
        }
    }

首先将要添加约束的对象封装成ConstraintMaker对象，再把它作为参数调用closure，开始添加约束。closure中的每条语句会先被解析ConstraintDescription对象，添加到maker的descriptions属性中。 在第一个for循环中可以看到，每次循环从descriptions中取出一条description，判断是否改description是否有constraint属性；

constraint属性使用的懒加载，值为：

internal lazy var constraint: Constraint? = {
        guard let relation = self.relation,
              let related = self.related,
              let sourceLocation = self.sourceLocation else {
            return nil
        }
        let from = ConstraintItem(target: self.item, attributes: self.attributes)
        
        return Constraint(
            from: from,
            to: related,
            relation: relation,
            sourceLocation: sourceLocation,
            label: self.label,
            multiplier: self.multiplier,
            constant: self.constant,
            priority: self.priority
        )
    }()

先判断relation，related，sourceLocation的值是否为nil，若为nil则返回nil，否则就根据description属性创建一个Constraint对象并返回。

Constraint的构造方法：

    internal init(from: ConstraintItem,
                  to: ConstraintItem,
                  relation: ConstraintRelation,
                  sourceLocation: (String, UInt),
                  label: String?,
                  multiplier: ConstraintMultiplierTarget,
                  constant: ConstraintConstantTarget,
                  priority: ConstraintPriorityTarget) {
        self.from = from
        self.to = to
        self.relation = relation
        self.sourceLocation = sourceLocation
        self.label = label
        self.multiplier = multiplier
        self.constant = constant
        self.priority = priority
        self.layoutConstraints = []

        // get attributes
        let layoutFromAttributes = self.from.attributes.layoutAttributes
        let layoutToAttributes = self.to.attributes.layoutAttributes

        // get layout from
        let layoutFrom = self.from.layoutConstraintItem!

        // get relation
        let layoutRelation = self.relation.layoutRelation

        for layoutFromAttribute in layoutFromAttributes {
            // get layout to attribute
            let layoutToAttribute: LayoutAttribute
            #if os(iOS) || os(tvOS)
                if layoutToAttributes.count > 0 {
                    if self.from.attributes == .edges && self.to.attributes == .margins {
                        switch layoutFromAttribute {
                        case .left:
                            layoutToAttribute = .leftMargin
                        case .right:
                            layoutToAttribute = .rightMargin
                        case .top:
                            layoutToAttribute = .topMargin
                        case .bottom:
                            layoutToAttribute = .bottomMargin
                        default:
                            fatalError()
                        }
                    } else if self.from.attributes == .margins && self.to.attributes == .edges {
                        switch layoutFromAttribute {
                        case .leftMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .left
                        case .rightMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .right
                        case .topMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .top
                        case .bottomMargin:
                            layoutToAttribute = .bottom
                        default:
                            fatalError()
                        }
                    } else if self.from.attributes == self.to.attributes {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                    } else {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutToAttributes[0]
                    }
                } else {
                    if self.to.target == nil && (layoutFromAttribute == .centerX || layoutFromAttribute == .centerY) {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute == .centerX ? .left : .top
                    } else {
                        layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                    }
                }
            #else
                if self.from.attributes == self.to.attributes {
                    layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                } else if layoutToAttributes.count > 0 {
                    layoutToAttribute = layoutToAttributes[0]
                } else {
                    layoutToAttribute = layoutFromAttribute
                }
            #endif

            // get layout constant
            let layoutConstant: CGFloat = self.constant.constraintConstantTargetValueFor(layoutAttribute: layoutToAttribute)

            // get layout to
            var layoutTo: AnyObject? = self.to.target

            // use superview if possible
            if layoutTo == nil && layoutToAttribute != .width && layoutToAttribute != .height {
                layoutTo = layoutFrom.superview
            }

            // create layout constraint
            let layoutConstraint = LayoutConstraint(
                item: layoutFrom,
                attribute: layoutFromAttribute,
                relatedBy: layoutRelation,
                toItem: layoutTo,
                attribute: layoutToAttribute,
                multiplier: self.multiplier.constraintMultiplierTargetValue,
                constant: layoutConstant
            )

            // set label
            layoutConstraint.label = self.label

            // set priority
            layoutConstraint.priority = LayoutPriority(rawValue: self.priority.constraintPriorityTargetValue)

            // set constraint
            layoutConstraint.constraint = self

            // append
            self.layoutConstraints.append(layoutConstraint)
        }
    }

重点看红色部分，遍历layoutAttributes，并根据layoutAttribute的值生成一个LayoutConstraint对象添加到layoutConstraints数组中。LayoutConstraint继承自系统类NSLayoutConstraint。

4.最后再看3中的第二个for循环，使用activeIfNeeded()方法激活约束：

 internal func activateIfNeeded(updatingExisting: Bool = false) {
        guard let item = self.from.layoutConstraintItem else {
            print("WARNING: SnapKit failed to get from item from constraint. Activate will be a no-op.")
            return
        }
        let layoutConstraints = self.layoutConstraints

        if updatingExisting {
            var existingLayoutConstraints: [LayoutConstraint] = []
            for constraint in item.constraints {
                existingLayoutConstraints += constraint.layoutConstraints
            }

            for layoutConstraint in layoutConstraints {
                let existingLayoutConstraint = existingLayoutConstraints.first { $0 == layoutConstraint }
                guard let updateLayoutConstraint = existingLayoutConstraint else {
                    fatalError("Updated constraint could not find existing matching constraint to update: (layoutConstraint)")
                }

                let updateLayoutAttribute = (updateLayoutConstraint.secondAttribute == .notAnAttribute) ? updateLayoutConstraint.firstAttribute : updateLayoutConstraint.secondAttribute
                updateLayoutConstraint.constant = self.constant.constraintConstantTargetValueFor(layoutAttribute: updateLayoutAttribute)
            }
        } else {
            NSLayoutConstraint.activate(layoutConstraints)
            item.add(constraints: [self])
        }
    }

当updatingExisting为false时，进入else语句，使用的系统类NSLayoutConstraint的方法激活约束：

/* Convenience method that activates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=YES. This is often more efficient than activating each constraint individually. */
    @available(iOS 8.0, *)
    open class func activate(_ constraints: [NSLayoutConstraint])

并将设置过的约束添加到item的constraintSet这个私有属性中：

internal var constraints: [Constraint] {
        return self.constraintsSet.allObjects as! [Constraint]
    }
    
    internal func add(constraints: [Constraint]) {
        let constraintsSet = self.constraintsSet
        for constraint in constraints {
            constraintsSet.add(constraint)
        }
    }
    
    internal func remove(constraints: [Constraint]) {
        let constraintsSet = self.constraintsSet
        for constraint in constraints {
            constraintsSet.remove(constraint)
        }
    }
    
    private var constraintsSet: NSMutableSet {
        let constraintsSet: NSMutableSet
        
        if let existing = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &constraintsKey) as? NSMutableSet {
            constraintsSet = existing
        } else {
            constraintsSet = NSMutableSet()
            objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &constraintsKey, constraintsSet, .OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC)
        }
        return constraintsSet
        
    }

5.通过这个过程不难发现，使用make.width.equalTo(295).multipliedBy(0.2) 这种方式不能得到想要的结果。在3中Constraint的构造方法的红色部分，其实构造LayoutConstraint对象时调用的NSLayoutConstraint的便利构造器方法：

    /* Create constraints explicitly.  Constraints are of the form "view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant" 
     If your equation does not have a second view and attribute, use nil and NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute.
     */
    public convenience init(item view1: Any, attribute attr1: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute, relatedBy relation: NSLayoutConstraint.Relation, toItem view2: Any?, attribute attr2: NSLayoutConstraint.Attribute, multiplier: CGFloat, constant c: CGFloat)

注意上面注释 view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant 如果只设置为数字，则相当于view2为nil，所以view1的属性值只能等于constant的值，不会乘以multiplier。

6.终于写完了，哈哈。  demo工程地址，对应的方法已打断点，可以跟着代码一步步调试，有助于理解。

疑问：在4中最后一部分红色字体的内容，私有属性constraintsSet为啥不直接使用，还要使用runtime给当前对象绑定一个同名的属性，每次使用时获取绑定的属性的值，不懂，希望知道的同学不吝赐教。