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  • yolov3输出检测图片位置信息

    前言

    我们在进行图片识别后需要进行进一步的处理,该文章会介绍:1.怎样取消lables;2.输出并保存(.txt)标记框的位置信息

    一.去掉label

    在darknet/src/image.c 收索draw_detections_v3 .在该函数对应目录下进行修改。

     

    二.目标定位(Object localization)框的数据信息

    以图片左上角为(0,0),以右下角为(1,1),这些数字均为位置或长度所在图片的比例大小。

    下面的代码是实现提取上述数据并且保存到本地文件夹下:

    #include "image.h"
    #include "utils.h"
    #include "blas.h"
    #include "cuda.h"
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <math.h>
    
    #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
    #include "stb_image.h"
    #define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
    #include "stb_image_write.h"
    
    #ifdef OPENCV
    #include "opencv2/highgui/highgui_c.h"
    #include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc_c.h"
    #include "opencv2/core/types_c.h"
    #include "opencv2/core/version.hpp"
    #ifndef CV_VERSION_EPOCH
    #include "opencv2/videoio/videoio_c.h"
    #include "opencv2/imgcodecs/imgcodecs_c.h"
    #include "http_stream.h"
    #endif
    #include "http_stream.h"
    #endif
    
    int windows = 0;
    
    float colors[6][3] = { {1,0,1}, {0,0,1},{0,1,1},{0,1,0},{1,1,0},{1,0,0} };
    
    float get_color(int c, int x, int max)
    {
        float ratio = ((float)x/max)*5;
        int i = floor(ratio);
        int j = ceil(ratio);
        ratio -= i;
        float r = (1-ratio) * colors[i][c] + ratio*colors[j][c];
        //printf("%f
    ", r);
        return r;
    }
    
    static float get_pixel(image m, int x, int y, int c)
    {
        assert(x < m.w && y < m.h && c < m.c);
        return m.data[c*m.h*m.w + y*m.w + x];
    }
    static float get_pixel_extend(image m, int x, int y, int c)
    {
        if (x < 0 || x >= m.w || y < 0 || y >= m.h) return 0;
        /*
        if(x < 0) x = 0;
        if(x >= m.w) x = m.w-1;
        if(y < 0) y = 0;
        if(y >= m.h) y = m.h-1;
        */
        if (c < 0 || c >= m.c) return 0;
        return get_pixel(m, x, y, c);
    }
    static void set_pixel(image m, int x, int y, int c, float val)
    {
        if (x < 0 || y < 0 || c < 0 || x >= m.w || y >= m.h || c >= m.c) return;
        assert(x < m.w && y < m.h && c < m.c);
        m.data[c*m.h*m.w + y*m.w + x] = val;
    }
    static void add_pixel(image m, int x, int y, int c, float val)
    {
        assert(x < m.w && y < m.h && c < m.c);
        m.data[c*m.h*m.w + y*m.w + x] += val;
    }
    
    void composite_image(image source, image dest, int dx, int dy)
    {
        int x,y,k;
        for(k = 0; k < source.c; ++k){
            for(y = 0; y < source.h; ++y){
                for(x = 0; x < source.w; ++x){
                    float val = get_pixel(source, x, y, k);
                    float val2 = get_pixel_extend(dest, dx+x, dy+y, k);
                    set_pixel(dest, dx+x, dy+y, k, val * val2);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    image border_image(image a, int border)
    {
        image b = make_image(a.w + 2*border, a.h + 2*border, a.c);
        int x,y,k;
        for(k = 0; k < b.c; ++k){
            for(y = 0; y < b.h; ++y){
                for(x = 0; x < b.w; ++x){
                    float val = get_pixel_extend(a, x - border, y - border, k);
                    if(x - border < 0 || x - border >= a.w || y - border < 0 || y - border >= a.h) val = 1;
                    set_pixel(b, x, y, k, val);
                }
            }
        }
        return b;
    }
    
    image tile_images(image a, image b, int dx)
    {
        if(a.w == 0) return copy_image(b);
        image c = make_image(a.w + b.w + dx, (a.h > b.h) ? a.h : b.h, (a.c > b.c) ? a.c : b.c);
        fill_cpu(c.w*c.h*c.c, 1, c.data, 1);
        embed_image(a, c, 0, 0); 
        composite_image(b, c, a.w + dx, 0);
        return c;
    }
    
    image get_label(image **characters, char *string, int size)
    {
        if(size > 7) size = 7;
        image label = make_empty_image(0,0,0);
        while(*string){
            image l = characters[size][(int)*string];
            image n = tile_images(label, l, -size - 1 + (size+1)/2);
            free_image(label);
            label = n;
            ++string;
        }
        image b = border_image(label, label.h*.25);
        free_image(label);
        return b;
    }
    
    image get_label_v3(image **characters, char *string, int size)
    {
        size = size / 10;
        if (size > 7) size = 7;
        image label = make_empty_image(0, 0, 0);
        while (*string) {
            image l = characters[size][(int)*string];
            image n = tile_images(label, l, -size - 1 + (size + 1) / 2);
            free_image(label);
            label = n;
            ++string;
        }
        image b = border_image(label, label.h*.25);
        free_image(label);
        return b;
    }
    
    void draw_label(image a, int r, int c, image label, const float *rgb)
    {
        int w = label.w;
        int h = label.h;
        if (r - h >= 0) r = r - h;
    
        int i, j, k;
        for(j = 0; j < h && j + r < a.h; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < w && i + c < a.w; ++i){
                for(k = 0; k < label.c; ++k){
                    float val = get_pixel(label, i, j, k);
                    set_pixel(a, i+c, j+r, k, rgb[k] * val);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    void draw_box(image a, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, float r, float g, float b)
    {
        //normalize_image(a);
        int i;
        if(x1 < 0) x1 = 0;
        if(x1 >= a.w) x1 = a.w-1;
        if(x2 < 0) x2 = 0;
        if(x2 >= a.w) x2 = a.w-1;
    
        if(y1 < 0) y1 = 0;
        if(y1 >= a.h) y1 = a.h-1;
        if(y2 < 0) y2 = 0;
        if(y2 >= a.h) y2 = a.h-1;
    
        for(i = x1; i <= x2; ++i){
            a.data[i + y1*a.w + 0*a.w*a.h] = r;
            a.data[i + y2*a.w + 0*a.w*a.h] = r;
    
            a.data[i + y1*a.w + 1*a.w*a.h] = g;
            a.data[i + y2*a.w + 1*a.w*a.h] = g;
    
            a.data[i + y1*a.w + 2*a.w*a.h] = b;
            a.data[i + y2*a.w + 2*a.w*a.h] = b;
        }
        for(i = y1; i <= y2; ++i){
            a.data[x1 + i*a.w + 0*a.w*a.h] = r;
            a.data[x2 + i*a.w + 0*a.w*a.h] = r;
    
            a.data[x1 + i*a.w + 1*a.w*a.h] = g;
            a.data[x2 + i*a.w + 1*a.w*a.h] = g;
    
            a.data[x1 + i*a.w + 2*a.w*a.h] = b;
            a.data[x2 + i*a.w + 2*a.w*a.h] = b;
        }
    }
    
    void draw_box_width(image a, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int w, float r, float g, float b)
    {
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < w; ++i){
            draw_box(a, x1+i, y1+i, x2-i, y2-i, r, g, b);
        }
    }
    
    void draw_bbox(image a, box bbox, int w, float r, float g, float b)
    {
        int left  = (bbox.x-bbox.w/2)*a.w;
        int right = (bbox.x+bbox.w/2)*a.w;
        int top   = (bbox.y-bbox.h/2)*a.h;
        int bot   = (bbox.y+bbox.h/2)*a.h;
    
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < w; ++i){
            draw_box(a, left+i, top+i, right-i, bot-i, r, g, b);
        }
    }
    
    image **load_alphabet()
    {
        int i, j;
        const int nsize = 8;
        image **alphabets = calloc(nsize, sizeof(image));
        for(j = 0; j < nsize; ++j){
            alphabets[j] = calloc(128, sizeof(image));
            for(i = 32; i < 127; ++i){
                char buff[256];
                sprintf(buff, "data/labels/%d_%d.png", i, j);
                alphabets[j][i] = load_image_color(buff, 0, 0);
            }
        }
        return alphabets;
    }
    
    void draw_detections_v3(image im, detection *dets, int num, float thresh, char **names, image **alphabet, int classes)
    {
        int i, j;
        FILE * fp;
             fp = fopen("BoxValue.txt", "w");
        if(NULL == fp)
            {
            printf("error");
            return;
            }
    
        for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
            char labelstr[4096] = { 0 };
            int class_id = -1;
            for (j = 0; j < classes; ++j) {
                if (dets[i].prob[j] > thresh) {
                    if (class_id < 0) {
                        strcat(labelstr, names[j]);
                        class_id = j;
                    }
                    else {
                        strcat(labelstr, ", ");
                        strcat(labelstr, names[j]);
                    }
                    printf("%s: %.0f%%
    ", names[j], dets[i].prob[j] * 100);
                }
            }
            if (class_id >= 0) {
                int width = im.h * .006;
                if (width < 1)
                    width = 1;
    
                /*
                if(0){
                width = pow(prob, 1./2.)*10+1;
                alphabet = 0;
                }
                */
    
                //printf("%d %s: %.0f%%
    ", i, names[class_id], prob*100);
                int offset = class_id * 123457 % classes;
                float red = get_color(2, offset, classes);
                float green = get_color(1, offset, classes);
                float blue = get_color(0, offset, classes);
                float rgb[3];
    
                //width = prob*20+2;
    
                rgb[0] = red;
                rgb[1] = green;
                rgb[2] = blue;
                box b = dets[i].bbox;
                //printf("%f %f %f %f
    ", b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h);
    
                int left = (b.x - b.w / 2.)*im.w;
                int right = (b.x + b.w / 2.)*im.w;
                int top = (b.y - b.h / 2.)*im.h;
                int bot = (b.y + b.h / 2.)*im.h;
    
                if (left < 0) left = 0;
                if (right > im.w - 1) right = im.w - 1;
                if (top < 0) top = 0;
                if (bot > im.h - 1) bot = im.h - 1;
    
                float b_x_center = (left + right) / 2;
                float b_y_center = (top + bot) / 2;
                float b_width = right - left;
                float b_height = bot - top;
                //sprintf(labelstr, "%d x %d - w: %d, h: %d", b_x_center, b_y_center, b_width, b_height);
    
                draw_box_width(im, left, top, right, bot, width, red, green, blue);
                //fprintf(fp,"%.1f %.1f %.1f %.1f %d
    ",left, top, right, bot, width, height, class_id);
                fprintf(fp,"%.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %d
    ",b_x_center, b_y_center, b_width, b_height, class_id);
                if (alphabet) {
                    image label = get_label_v3(alphabet, labelstr, (im.h*.03));
                    //draw_label(im, top + width, left, label, rgb);
                    free_image(label);
                }
                if (dets[i].mask) {
                    image mask = float_to_image(14, 14, 1, dets[i].mask);
                    image resized_mask = resize_image(mask, b.w*im.w, b.h*im.h);
                    image tmask = threshold_image(resized_mask, .5);
                    embed_image(tmask, im, left, top);
                    free_image(mask);
                    free_image(resized_mask);
                    free_image(tmask);
                }
            }
        }
        fclose(fp);
    }
    
    
    void draw_detections(image im, int num, float thresh, box *boxes, float **probs, char **names, image **alphabet, int classes)
    {
        int i;
    
        for(i = 0; i < num; ++i){
            int class_id = max_index(probs[i], classes);
            float prob = probs[i][class_id];
            if(prob > thresh){
    
                //// for comparison with OpenCV version of DNN Darknet Yolo v2
                //printf("
     %f, %f, %f, %f, ", boxes[i].x, boxes[i].y, boxes[i].w, boxes[i].h);
                // int k;
                //for (k = 0; k < classes; ++k) {
                //    printf("%f, ", probs[i][k]);
                //}
                //printf("
    ");
    
                int width = im.h * .012;
    
                if(0){
                    width = pow(prob, 1./2.)*10+1;
                    alphabet = 0;
                }
    
                int offset = class_id*123457 % classes;
                float red = get_color(2,offset,classes);
                float green = get_color(1,offset,classes);
                float blue = get_color(0,offset,classes);
                float rgb[3];
    
                //width = prob*20+2;
    
                rgb[0] = red;
                rgb[1] = green;
                rgb[2] = blue;
                box b = boxes[i];
    
                int left  = (b.x-b.w/2.)*im.w;
                int right = (b.x+b.w/2.)*im.w;
                int top   = (b.y-b.h/2.)*im.h;
                int bot   = (b.y+b.h/2.)*im.h;
    
                if(left < 0) left = 0;
                if(right > im.w-1) right = im.w-1;
                if(top < 0) top = 0;
                if(bot > im.h-1) bot = im.h-1;
                printf("%s: %.0f%%", names[class_id], prob * 100);
                
                //printf(" - id: %d, x_center: %d, y_center: %d,  %d, height: %d",
                //    class_id, (right + left) / 2, (bot - top) / 2, right - left, bot - top);
    
                printf("
    ");
                draw_box_width(im, left, top, right, bot, width, red, green, blue);
                if (alphabet) {
                    image label = get_label(alphabet, names[class_id], (im.h*.03)/10);
                    draw_label(im, top + width, left, label, rgb);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    #ifdef OPENCV
    
    void draw_detections_cv_v3(IplImage* show_img, detection *dets, int num, float thresh, char **names, image **alphabet, int classes)
    {
        int i, j;
        if (!show_img) return;
    
        for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
            char labelstr[4096] = { 0 };
            int class_id = -1;
            for (j = 0; j < classes; ++j) {
                if (dets[i].prob[j] > thresh) {
                    if (class_id < 0) {
                        strcat(labelstr, names[j]);
                        class_id = j;
                    }
                    else {
                        strcat(labelstr, ", ");
                        strcat(labelstr, names[j]);
                    }
                    printf("%s: %.0f%%
    ", names[j], dets[i].prob[j] * 100);
                }
            }
            if (class_id >= 0) {
                int width = show_img->height * .006;
    
                /*
                if(0){
                width = pow(prob, 1./2.)*10+1;
                alphabet = 0;
                }
                */
    
                //printf("%d %s: %.0f%%
    ", i, names[class_id], prob*100);
                int offset = class_id * 123457 % classes;
                float red = get_color(2, offset, classes);
                float green = get_color(1, offset, classes);
                float blue = get_color(0, offset, classes);
                float rgb[3];
    
                //width = prob*20+2;
    
                rgb[0] = red;
                rgb[1] = green;
                rgb[2] = blue;
                box b = dets[i].bbox;
                //printf("%f %f %f %f
    ", b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h);
    
                int left = (b.x - b.w / 2.)*show_img->width;
                int right = (b.x + b.w / 2.)*show_img->width;
                int top = (b.y - b.h / 2.)*show_img->height;
                int bot = (b.y + b.h / 2.)*show_img->height;
    
                if (left < 0) left = 0;
                if (right > show_img->width - 1) right = show_img->width - 1;
                if (top < 0) top = 0;
                if (bot > show_img->height - 1) bot = show_img->height - 1;
    
                //int b_x_center = (left + right) / 2;
                //int b_y_center = (top + bot) / 2;
                //int b_width = right - left;
                //int b_height = bot - top;
                //sprintf(labelstr, "%d x %d - w: %d, h: %d", b_x_center, b_y_center, b_width, b_height);
    
                float const font_size = show_img->height / 1000.F;
                CvPoint pt1, pt2, pt_text, pt_text_bg1, pt_text_bg2;
                pt1.x = left;
                pt1.y = top;
                pt2.x = right;
                pt2.y = bot;
                pt_text.x = left;
                pt_text.y = top - 12;
                pt_text_bg1.x = left;
                pt_text_bg1.y = top - (10 + 25 * font_size);
                pt_text_bg2.x = right;
                pt_text_bg2.y = top;
                CvScalar color;
                color.val[0] = red * 256;
                color.val[1] = green * 256;
                color.val[2] = blue * 256;
    
                cvRectangle(show_img, pt1, pt2, color, width, 8, 0);
                //printf("left=%d, right=%d, top=%d, bottom=%d, obj_id=%d, obj=%s 
    ", left, right, top, bot, class_id, names[class_id]);
                cvRectangle(show_img, pt_text_bg1, pt_text_bg2, color, width, 8, 0);
                cvRectangle(show_img, pt_text_bg1, pt_text_bg2, color, CV_FILLED, 8, 0);    // filled
                CvScalar black_color;
                black_color.val[0] = 0;
                CvFont font;
                cvInitFont(&font, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_size, font_size, 0, font_size * 3, 8);
                cvPutText(show_img, labelstr, pt_text, &font, black_color);
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    void draw_detections_cv(IplImage* show_img, int num, float thresh, box *boxes, float **probs, char **names, image **alphabet, int classes)
    {
        int i;
    
        for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
            int class_id = max_index(probs[i], classes);
            float prob = probs[i][class_id];
            if (prob > thresh) {
    
                int width = show_img->height * .012;
    
                if (0) {
                    width = pow(prob, 1. / 2.) * 10 + 1;
                    alphabet = 0;
                }
    
                printf("%s: %.0f%%
    ", names[class_id], prob * 100);
                int offset = class_id * 123457 % classes;
                float red = get_color(2, offset, classes);
                float green = get_color(1, offset, classes);
                float blue = get_color(0, offset, classes);
                float rgb[3];
    
                //width = prob*20+2;
    
                rgb[0] = red;
                rgb[1] = green;
                rgb[2] = blue;
                box b = boxes[i];
    
                int left = (b.x - b.w / 2.)*show_img->width;
                int right = (b.x + b.w / 2.)*show_img->width;
                int top = (b.y - b.h / 2.)*show_img->height;
                int bot = (b.y + b.h / 2.)*show_img->height;
    
                if (left < 0) left = 0;
                if (right > show_img->width - 1) right = show_img->width - 1;
                if (top < 0) top = 0;
                if (bot > show_img->height - 1) bot = show_img->height - 1;
    
                float const font_size = show_img->height / 1000.F;
                CvPoint pt1, pt2, pt_text, pt_text_bg1, pt_text_bg2;
                pt1.x = left;
                pt1.y = top;
                pt2.x = right;
                pt2.y = bot;
                pt_text.x = left;
                pt_text.y = top - 12;
                pt_text_bg1.x = left;
                pt_text_bg1.y = top - (10+25*font_size);
                pt_text_bg2.x = right;
                pt_text_bg2.y = top;
                CvScalar color;
                color.val[0] = red * 256;
                color.val[1] = green * 256;
                color.val[2] = blue * 256;
    
                cvRectangle(show_img, pt1, pt2, color, width, 8, 0);
                //printf("left=%d, right=%d, top=%d, bottom=%d, obj_id=%d, obj=%s 
    ", left, right, top, bot, class_id, names[class_id]);
                cvRectangle(show_img, pt_text_bg1, pt_text_bg2, color, width, 8, 0);
                cvRectangle(show_img, pt_text_bg1, pt_text_bg2, color, CV_FILLED, 8, 0);    // filled
                CvScalar black_color;
                black_color.val[0] = 0;
                CvFont font;
                cvInitFont(&font, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, font_size, font_size, 0, font_size * 3, 8);    
                cvPutText(show_img, names[class_id], pt_text, &font, black_color);
            }
        }
    }
    
    IplImage* draw_train_chart(float max_img_loss, int max_batches, int number_of_lines, int img_size)
    {
        int img_offset = 50;
        int draw_size = img_size - img_offset;
        IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(img_size, img_size), 8, 3);
        cvSet(img, CV_RGB(255, 255, 255), 0);
        CvPoint pt1, pt2, pt_text;
        CvFont font;
        cvInitFont(&font, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX_SMALL, 0.7, 0.7, 0, 1, CV_AA);
        char char_buff[100];
        int i;
        // vertical lines
        pt1.x = img_offset; pt2.x = img_size, pt_text.x = 10;
        for (i = 1; i <= number_of_lines; ++i) {
            pt1.y = pt2.y = (float)i * draw_size / number_of_lines;
            cvLine(img, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(224, 224, 224), 1, 8, 0);
            if (i % 10 == 0) {
                sprintf(char_buff, "%2.1f", max_img_loss*(number_of_lines - i) / number_of_lines);
                pt_text.y = pt1.y + 5;
                cvPutText(img, char_buff, pt_text, &font, CV_RGB(0, 0, 0));
                cvLine(img, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(128, 128, 128), 1, 8, 0);
            }
        }
        // horizontal lines
        pt1.y = draw_size; pt2.y = 0, pt_text.y = draw_size + 15;
        for (i = 0; i <= number_of_lines; ++i) {
            pt1.x = pt2.x = img_offset + (float)i * draw_size / number_of_lines;
            cvLine(img, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(224, 224, 224), 1, 8, 0);
            if (i % 10 == 0) {
                sprintf(char_buff, "%d", max_batches * i / number_of_lines);
                pt_text.x = pt1.x - 20;
                cvPutText(img, char_buff, pt_text, &font, CV_RGB(0, 0, 0));
                cvLine(img, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(128, 128, 128), 1, 8, 0);
            }
        }
        cvPutText(img, "Iteration number", cvPoint(draw_size / 2, img_size - 10), &font, CV_RGB(0, 0, 0));
        cvPutText(img, "Press 's' to save: chart.jpg", cvPoint(5, img_size - 10), &font, CV_RGB(0, 0, 0));
        printf(" If error occurs - run training with flag: -dont_show 
    ");
        cvNamedWindow("average loss", CV_WINDOW_NORMAL);
        cvMoveWindow("average loss", 0, 0);
        cvResizeWindow("average loss", img_size, img_size);
        cvShowImage("average loss", img);
        cvWaitKey(20);
        return img;
    }
    
    void draw_train_loss(IplImage* img, int img_size, float avg_loss, float max_img_loss, int current_batch, int max_batches)
    {
        int img_offset = 50;
        int draw_size = img_size - img_offset;
        CvFont font;
        cvInitFont(&font, CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX_SMALL, 0.7, 0.7, 0, 1, CV_AA);
        char char_buff[100];
        CvPoint pt1, pt2;
        pt1.x = img_offset + draw_size * (float)current_batch / max_batches;
        pt1.y = draw_size * (1 - avg_loss / max_img_loss);
        if (pt1.y < 0) pt1.y = 1;
        cvCircle(img, pt1, 1, CV_RGB(0, 0, 255), CV_FILLED, 8, 0);
    
        sprintf(char_buff, "current avg loss = %2.4f", avg_loss);
        pt1.x = img_size / 2, pt1.y = 30;
        pt2.x = pt1.x + 250, pt2.y = pt1.y + 20;
        cvRectangle(img, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(255, 255, 255), CV_FILLED, 8, 0);
        pt1.y += 15;
        cvPutText(img, char_buff, pt1, &font, CV_RGB(0, 0, 0));
        cvShowImage("average loss", img);
        int k = cvWaitKey(20);
        if (k == 's' || current_batch == (max_batches-1)) cvSaveImage("chart.jpg", img, 0);
    }
    #endif    // OPENCV
    
    void transpose_image(image im)
    {
        assert(im.w == im.h);
        int n, m;
        int c;
        for(c = 0; c < im.c; ++c){
            for(n = 0; n < im.w-1; ++n){
                for(m = n + 1; m < im.w; ++m){
                    float swap = im.data[m + im.w*(n + im.h*c)];
                    im.data[m + im.w*(n + im.h*c)] = im.data[n + im.w*(m + im.h*c)];
                    im.data[n + im.w*(m + im.h*c)] = swap;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    void rotate_image_cw(image im, int times)
    {
        assert(im.w == im.h);
        times = (times + 400) % 4;
        int i, x, y, c;
        int n = im.w;
        for(i = 0; i < times; ++i){
            for(c = 0; c < im.c; ++c){
                for(x = 0; x < n/2; ++x){
                    for(y = 0; y < (n-1)/2 + 1; ++y){
                        float temp = im.data[y + im.w*(x + im.h*c)];
                        im.data[y + im.w*(x + im.h*c)] = im.data[n-1-x + im.w*(y + im.h*c)];
                        im.data[n-1-x + im.w*(y + im.h*c)] = im.data[n-1-y + im.w*(n-1-x + im.h*c)];
                        im.data[n-1-y + im.w*(n-1-x + im.h*c)] = im.data[x + im.w*(n-1-y + im.h*c)];
                        im.data[x + im.w*(n-1-y + im.h*c)] = temp;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    void flip_image(image a)
    {
        int i,j,k;
        for(k = 0; k < a.c; ++k){
            for(i = 0; i < a.h; ++i){
                for(j = 0; j < a.w/2; ++j){
                    int index = j + a.w*(i + a.h*(k));
                    int flip = (a.w - j - 1) + a.w*(i + a.h*(k));
                    float swap = a.data[flip];
                    a.data[flip] = a.data[index];
                    a.data[index] = swap;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    image image_distance(image a, image b)
    {
        int i,j;
        image dist = make_image(a.w, a.h, 1);
        for(i = 0; i < a.c; ++i){
            for(j = 0; j < a.h*a.w; ++j){
                dist.data[j] += pow(a.data[i*a.h*a.w+j]-b.data[i*a.h*a.w+j],2);
            }
        }
        for(j = 0; j < a.h*a.w; ++j){
            dist.data[j] = sqrt(dist.data[j]);
        }
        return dist;
    }
    
    void embed_image(image source, image dest, int dx, int dy)
    {
        int x,y,k;
        for(k = 0; k < source.c; ++k){
            for(y = 0; y < source.h; ++y){
                for(x = 0; x < source.w; ++x){
                    float val = get_pixel(source, x,y,k);
                    set_pixel(dest, dx+x, dy+y, k, val);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    image collapse_image_layers(image source, int border)
    {
        int h = source.h;
        h = (h+border)*source.c - border;
        image dest = make_image(source.w, h, 1);
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < source.c; ++i){
            image layer = get_image_layer(source, i);
            int h_offset = i*(source.h+border);
            embed_image(layer, dest, 0, h_offset);
            free_image(layer);
        }
        return dest;
    }
    
    void constrain_image(image im)
    {
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < im.w*im.h*im.c; ++i){
            if(im.data[i] < 0) im.data[i] = 0;
            if(im.data[i] > 1) im.data[i] = 1;
        }
    }
    
    void normalize_image(image p)
    {
        int i;
        float min = 9999999;
        float max = -999999;
    
        for(i = 0; i < p.h*p.w*p.c; ++i){
            float v = p.data[i];
            if(v < min) min = v;
            if(v > max) max = v;
        }
        if(max - min < .000000001){
            min = 0;
            max = 1;
        }
        for(i = 0; i < p.c*p.w*p.h; ++i){
            p.data[i] = (p.data[i] - min)/(max-min);
        }
    }
    
    void normalize_image2(image p)
    {
        float *min = calloc(p.c, sizeof(float));
        float *max = calloc(p.c, sizeof(float));
        int i,j;
        for(i = 0; i < p.c; ++i) min[i] = max[i] = p.data[i*p.h*p.w];
    
        for(j = 0; j < p.c; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < p.h*p.w; ++i){
                float v = p.data[i+j*p.h*p.w];
                if(v < min[j]) min[j] = v;
                if(v > max[j]) max[j] = v;
            }
        }
        for(i = 0; i < p.c; ++i){
            if(max[i] - min[i] < .000000001){
                min[i] = 0;
                max[i] = 1;
            }
        }
        for(j = 0; j < p.c; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < p.w*p.h; ++i){
                p.data[i+j*p.h*p.w] = (p.data[i+j*p.h*p.w] - min[j])/(max[j]-min[j]);
            }
        }
        free(min);
        free(max);
    }
    
    image copy_image(image p)
    {
        image copy = p;
        copy.data = calloc(p.h*p.w*p.c, sizeof(float));
        memcpy(copy.data, p.data, p.h*p.w*p.c*sizeof(float));
        return copy;
    }
    
    void rgbgr_image(image im)
    {
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < im.w*im.h; ++i){
            float swap = im.data[i];
            im.data[i] = im.data[i+im.w*im.h*2];
            im.data[i+im.w*im.h*2] = swap;
        }
    }
    
    #ifdef OPENCV
    void show_image_cv(image p, const char *name)
    {
        int x,y,k;
        image copy = copy_image(p);
        constrain_image(copy);
        if(p.c == 3) rgbgr_image(copy);
        //normalize_image(copy);
    
        char buff[256];
        //sprintf(buff, "%s (%d)", name, windows);
        sprintf(buff, "%s", name);
    
        IplImage *disp = cvCreateImage(cvSize(p.w,p.h), IPL_DEPTH_8U, p.c);
        int step = disp->widthStep;
        cvNamedWindow(buff, CV_WINDOW_NORMAL); 
        //cvMoveWindow(buff, 100*(windows%10) + 200*(windows/10), 100*(windows%10));
        ++windows;
        for(y = 0; y < p.h; ++y){
            for(x = 0; x < p.w; ++x){
                for(k= 0; k < p.c; ++k){
                    disp->imageData[y*step + x*p.c + k] = (unsigned char)(get_pixel(copy,x,y,k)*255);
                }
            }
        }
        free_image(copy);
        if(0){
            int w = 448;
            int h = w*p.h/p.w;
            if(h > 1000){
                h = 1000;
                w = h*p.w/p.h;
            }
            IplImage *buffer = disp;
            disp = cvCreateImage(cvSize(w, h), buffer->depth, buffer->nChannels);
            cvResize(buffer, disp, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
            cvReleaseImage(&buffer);
        }
        cvShowImage(buff, disp);
    
        cvReleaseImage(&disp);
    }
    
    
    void show_image_cv_ipl(IplImage *disp, const char *name)
    {
        if (disp == NULL) return;
        char buff[256];
        //sprintf(buff, "%s (%d)", name, windows);
        sprintf(buff, "%s", name);
        cvNamedWindow(buff, CV_WINDOW_NORMAL);
        //cvMoveWindow(buff, 100*(windows%10) + 200*(windows/10), 100*(windows%10));
        ++windows;
        cvShowImage(buff, disp);
        //cvReleaseImage(&disp);
    }
    #endif
    
    void show_image(image p, const char *name)
    {
    #ifdef OPENCV
        show_image_cv(p, name);
    #else
        fprintf(stderr, "Not compiled with OpenCV, saving to %s.png instead
    ", name);
        save_image(p, name);
    #endif
    }
    
    #ifdef OPENCV
    
    image ipl_to_image(IplImage* src)
    {
        unsigned char *data = (unsigned char *)src->imageData;
        int h = src->height;
        int w = src->width;
        int c = src->nChannels;
        int step = src->widthStep;
        image out = make_image(w, h, c);
        int i, j, k, count=0;;
    
        for(k= 0; k < c; ++k){
            for(i = 0; i < h; ++i){
                for(j = 0; j < w; ++j){
                    out.data[count++] = data[i*step + j*c + k]/255.;
                }
            }
        }
        return out;
    }
    
    image load_image_cv(char *filename, int channels)
    {
        IplImage* src = 0;
        int flag = -1;
        if (channels == 0) flag = -1;
        else if (channels == 1) flag = 0;
        else if (channels == 3) flag = 1;
        else {
            fprintf(stderr, "OpenCV can't force load with %d channels
    ", channels);
        }
    
        if( (src = cvLoadImage(filename, flag)) == 0 )
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot load image "%s"
    ", filename);
            char buff[256];
            sprintf(buff, "echo %s >> bad.list", filename);
            system(buff);
            return make_image(10,10,3);
            //exit(0);
        }
        image out = ipl_to_image(src);
        cvReleaseImage(&src);
        rgbgr_image(out);
        return out;
    }
    
    image get_image_from_stream(CvCapture *cap)
    {
        IplImage* src = cvQueryFrame(cap);
        if (!src) return make_empty_image(0,0,0);
        image im = ipl_to_image(src);
        rgbgr_image(im);
        return im;
    }
    
    image get_image_from_stream_resize(CvCapture *cap, int w, int h, IplImage** in_img, int cpp_video_capture)
    {
        printf("start to get_image_from_stream_resize.................
    ");
        IplImage* src;
        if (cpp_video_capture) {
            static int once = 1;
            if (once) {
                once = 0;
                do {
                    src = get_webcam_frame(cap);
                    if (!src) return make_empty_image(0, 0, 0);
                } while (src->width < 1 || src->height < 1 || src->nChannels < 1);
            } else
                src = get_webcam_frame(cap);
        }
        else src = cvQueryFrame(cap);
    
        if (!src) return make_empty_image(0, 0, 0);
        if (src->width < 1 || src->height < 1 || src->nChannels < 1) return make_empty_image(0, 0, 0);
        IplImage* new_img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(w, h), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3);
        *in_img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(src->width, src->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3);
        cvResize(src, *in_img, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
        cvResize(src, new_img, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
        image im = ipl_to_image(new_img);
        cvReleaseImage(&new_img);
        if (cpp_video_capture) cvReleaseImage(&src);
        rgbgr_image(im);
        printf("im is 
    ",im);
        return im;
    }
    
    void save_image_jpg(image p, const char *name)
    {
        image copy = copy_image(p);
        if(p.c == 3) rgbgr_image(copy);
        int x,y,k;
    
        char buff[256];
        sprintf(buff, "%s.jpg", name);
    
        IplImage *disp = cvCreateImage(cvSize(p.w,p.h), IPL_DEPTH_8U, p.c);
        int step = disp->widthStep;
        for(y = 0; y < p.h; ++y){
            for(x = 0; x < p.w; ++x){
                for(k= 0; k < p.c; ++k){
                    disp->imageData[y*step + x*p.c + k] = (unsigned char)(get_pixel(copy,x,y,k)*255);
                }
            }
        }
        cvSaveImage(buff, disp,0);
        cvReleaseImage(&disp);
        free_image(copy);
    }
    #endif
    
    void save_image_png(image im, const char *name)
    {
        char buff[256];
        //sprintf(buff, "%s (%d)", name, windows);
        sprintf(buff, "%s.png", name);
        unsigned char *data = calloc(im.w*im.h*im.c, sizeof(char));
        int i,k;
        for(k = 0; k < im.c; ++k){
            for(i = 0; i < im.w*im.h; ++i){
                data[i*im.c+k] = (unsigned char) (255*im.data[i + k*im.w*im.h]);
            }
        }
        int success = stbi_write_png(buff, im.w, im.h, im.c, data, im.w*im.c);
        free(data);
        if(!success) fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write image %s
    ", buff);
    }
    
    void save_image(image im, const char *name)
    {
    #ifdef OPENCV
        save_image_jpg(im, name);
    #else
        save_image_png(im, name);
    #endif
    }
    
    
    void show_image_layers(image p, char *name)
    {
        int i;
        char buff[256];
        for(i = 0; i < p.c; ++i){
            sprintf(buff, "%s - Layer %d", name, i);
            image layer = get_image_layer(p, i);
            show_image(layer, buff);
            free_image(layer);
        }
    }
    
    void show_image_collapsed(image p, char *name)
    {
        image c = collapse_image_layers(p, 1);
        show_image(c, name);
        free_image(c);
    }
    
    image make_empty_image(int w, int h, int c)
    {
        image out;
        out.data = 0;
        out.h = h;
        out.w = w;
        out.c = c;
        return out;
    }
    
    image make_image(int w, int h, int c)
    {
        image out = make_empty_image(w,h,c);
        out.data = calloc(h*w*c, sizeof(float));
        return out;
    }
    
    image make_random_image(int w, int h, int c)
    {
        image out = make_empty_image(w,h,c);
        out.data = calloc(h*w*c, sizeof(float));
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < w*h*c; ++i){
            out.data[i] = (rand_normal() * .25) + .5;
        }
        return out;
    }
    
    image float_to_image(int w, int h, int c, float *data)
    {
        image out = make_empty_image(w,h,c);
        out.data = data;
        return out;
    }
    
    
    image rotate_crop_image(image im, float rad, float s, int w, int h, float dx, float dy, float aspect)
    {
        int x, y, c;
        float cx = im.w/2.;
        float cy = im.h/2.;
        image rot = make_image(w, h, im.c);
        for(c = 0; c < im.c; ++c){
            for(y = 0; y < h; ++y){
                for(x = 0; x < w; ++x){
                    float rx = cos(rad)*((x - w/2.)/s*aspect + dx/s*aspect) - sin(rad)*((y - h/2.)/s + dy/s) + cx;
                    float ry = sin(rad)*((x - w/2.)/s*aspect + dx/s*aspect) + cos(rad)*((y - h/2.)/s + dy/s) + cy;
                    float val = bilinear_interpolate(im, rx, ry, c);
                    set_pixel(rot, x, y, c, val);
                }
            }
        }
        return rot;
    }
    
    image rotate_image(image im, float rad)
    {
        int x, y, c;
        float cx = im.w/2.;
        float cy = im.h/2.;
        image rot = make_image(im.w, im.h, im.c);
        for(c = 0; c < im.c; ++c){
            for(y = 0; y < im.h; ++y){
                for(x = 0; x < im.w; ++x){
                    float rx = cos(rad)*(x-cx) - sin(rad)*(y-cy) + cx;
                    float ry = sin(rad)*(x-cx) + cos(rad)*(y-cy) + cy;
                    float val = bilinear_interpolate(im, rx, ry, c);
                    set_pixel(rot, x, y, c, val);
                }
            }
        }
        return rot;
    }
    
    void translate_image(image m, float s)
    {
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < m.h*m.w*m.c; ++i) m.data[i] += s;
    }
    
    void scale_image(image m, float s)
    {
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < m.h*m.w*m.c; ++i) m.data[i] *= s;
    }
    
    image crop_image(image im, int dx, int dy, int w, int h)
    {
        image cropped = make_image(w, h, im.c);
        int i, j, k;
        for(k = 0; k < im.c; ++k){
            for(j = 0; j < h; ++j){
                for(i = 0; i < w; ++i){
                    int r = j + dy;
                    int c = i + dx;
                    float val = 0;
                    r = constrain_int(r, 0, im.h-1);
                    c = constrain_int(c, 0, im.w-1);
                    if (r >= 0 && r < im.h && c >= 0 && c < im.w) {
                        val = get_pixel(im, c, r, k);
                    }
                    set_pixel(cropped, i, j, k, val);
                }
            }
        }
        return cropped;
    }
    
    int best_3d_shift_r(image a, image b, int min, int max)
    {
        if(min == max) return min;
        int mid = floor((min + max) / 2.);
        image c1 = crop_image(b, 0, mid, b.w, b.h);
        image c2 = crop_image(b, 0, mid+1, b.w, b.h);
        float d1 = dist_array(c1.data, a.data, a.w*a.h*a.c, 10);
        float d2 = dist_array(c2.data, a.data, a.w*a.h*a.c, 10);
        free_image(c1);
        free_image(c2);
        if(d1 < d2) return best_3d_shift_r(a, b, min, mid);
        else return best_3d_shift_r(a, b, mid+1, max);
    }
    
    int best_3d_shift(image a, image b, int min, int max)
    {
        int i;
        int best = 0;
        float best_distance = FLT_MAX;
        for(i = min; i <= max; i += 2){
            image c = crop_image(b, 0, i, b.w, b.h);
            float d = dist_array(c.data, a.data, a.w*a.h*a.c, 100);
            if(d < best_distance){
                best_distance = d;
                best = i;
            }
            printf("%d %f
    ", i, d);
            free_image(c);
        }
        return best;
    }
    
    void composite_3d(char *f1, char *f2, char *out, int delta)
    {
        if(!out) out = "out";
        image a = load_image(f1, 0,0,0);
        image b = load_image(f2, 0,0,0);
        int shift = best_3d_shift_r(a, b, -a.h/100, a.h/100);
    
        image c1 = crop_image(b, 10, shift, b.w, b.h);
        float d1 = dist_array(c1.data, a.data, a.w*a.h*a.c, 100);
        image c2 = crop_image(b, -10, shift, b.w, b.h);
        float d2 = dist_array(c2.data, a.data, a.w*a.h*a.c, 100);
    
        if(d2 < d1 && 0){
            image swap = a;
            a = b;
            b = swap;
            shift = -shift;
            printf("swapped, %d
    ", shift);
        }
        else{
            printf("%d
    ", shift);
        }
    
        image c = crop_image(b, delta, shift, a.w, a.h);
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < c.w*c.h; ++i){
            c.data[i] = a.data[i];
        }
    #ifdef OPENCV
        save_image_jpg(c, out);
    #else
        save_image(c, out);
    #endif
    }
    
    void fill_image(image m, float s)
    {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < m.h*m.w*m.c; ++i) m.data[i] = s;
    }
    
    void letterbox_image_into(image im, int w, int h, image boxed)
    {
        int new_w = im.w;
        int new_h = im.h;
        if (((float)w / im.w) < ((float)h / im.h)) {
            new_w = w;
            new_h = (im.h * w) / im.w;
        }
        else {
            new_h = h;
            new_w = (im.w * h) / im.h;
        }
        image resized = resize_image(im, new_w, new_h);
        embed_image(resized, boxed, (w - new_w) / 2, (h - new_h) / 2);
        free_image(resized);
    }
    
    image letterbox_image(image im, int w, int h)
    {
        int new_w = im.w;
        int new_h = im.h;
        if (((float)w / im.w) < ((float)h / im.h)) {
            new_w = w;
            new_h = (im.h * w) / im.w;
        }
        else {
            new_h = h;
            new_w = (im.w * h) / im.h;
        }
        image resized = resize_image(im, new_w, new_h);
        image boxed = make_image(w, h, im.c);
        fill_image(boxed, .5);
        //int i;
        //for(i = 0; i < boxed.w*boxed.h*boxed.c; ++i) boxed.data[i] = 0;
        embed_image(resized, boxed, (w - new_w) / 2, (h - new_h) / 2);
        free_image(resized);
        return boxed;
    }
    
    image resize_max(image im, int max)
    {
        int w = im.w;
        int h = im.h;
        if(w > h){
            h = (h * max) / w;
            w = max;
        } else {
            w = (w * max) / h;
            h = max;
        }
        if(w == im.w && h == im.h) return im;
        image resized = resize_image(im, w, h);
        return resized;
    }
    
    image resize_min(image im, int min)
    {
        int w = im.w;
        int h = im.h;
        if(w < h){
            h = (h * min) / w;
            w = min;
        } else {
            w = (w * min) / h;
            h = min;
        }
        if(w == im.w && h == im.h) return im;
        image resized = resize_image(im, w, h);
        return resized;
    }
    
    image random_crop_image(image im, int w, int h)
    {
        int dx = rand_int(0, im.w - w);
        int dy = rand_int(0, im.h - h);
        image crop = crop_image(im, dx, dy, w, h);
        return crop;
    }
    
    image random_augment_image(image im, float angle, float aspect, int low, int high, int size)
    {
        aspect = rand_scale(aspect);
        int r = rand_int(low, high);
        int min = (im.h < im.w*aspect) ? im.h : im.w*aspect;
        float scale = (float)r / min;
    
        float rad = rand_uniform(-angle, angle) * TWO_PI / 360.;
    
        float dx = (im.w*scale/aspect - size) / 2.;
        float dy = (im.h*scale - size) / 2.;
        if(dx < 0) dx = 0;
        if(dy < 0) dy = 0;
        dx = rand_uniform(-dx, dx);
        dy = rand_uniform(-dy, dy);
    
        image crop = rotate_crop_image(im, rad, scale, size, size, dx, dy, aspect);
    
        return crop;
    }
    
    float three_way_max(float a, float b, float c)
    {
        return (a > b) ? ( (a > c) ? a : c) : ( (b > c) ? b : c) ;
    }
    
    float three_way_min(float a, float b, float c)
    {
        return (a < b) ? ( (a < c) ? a : c) : ( (b < c) ? b : c) ;
    }
    
    // http://www.cs.rit.edu/~ncs/color/t_convert.html
    void rgb_to_hsv(image im)
    {
        assert(im.c == 3);
        int i, j;
        float r, g, b;
        float h, s, v;
        for(j = 0; j < im.h; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < im.w; ++i){
                r = get_pixel(im, i , j, 0);
                g = get_pixel(im, i , j, 1);
                b = get_pixel(im, i , j, 2);
                float max = three_way_max(r,g,b);
                float min = three_way_min(r,g,b);
                float delta = max - min;
                v = max;
                if(max == 0){
                    s = 0;
                    h = 0;
                }else{
                    s = delta/max;
                    if(r == max){
                        h = (g - b) / delta;
                    } else if (g == max) {
                        h = 2 + (b - r) / delta;
                    } else {
                        h = 4 + (r - g) / delta;
                    }
                    if (h < 0) h += 6;
                    h = h/6.;
                }
                set_pixel(im, i, j, 0, h);
                set_pixel(im, i, j, 1, s);
                set_pixel(im, i, j, 2, v);
            }
        }
    }
    
    void hsv_to_rgb(image im)
    {
        assert(im.c == 3);
        int i, j;
        float r, g, b;
        float h, s, v;
        float f, p, q, t;
        for(j = 0; j < im.h; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < im.w; ++i){
                h = 6 * get_pixel(im, i , j, 0);
                s = get_pixel(im, i , j, 1);
                v = get_pixel(im, i , j, 2);
                if (s == 0) {
                    r = g = b = v;
                } else {
                    int index = floor(h);
                    f = h - index;
                    p = v*(1-s);
                    q = v*(1-s*f);
                    t = v*(1-s*(1-f));
                    if(index == 0){
                        r = v; g = t; b = p;
                    } else if(index == 1){
                        r = q; g = v; b = p;
                    } else if(index == 2){
                        r = p; g = v; b = t;
                    } else if(index == 3){
                        r = p; g = q; b = v;
                    } else if(index == 4){
                        r = t; g = p; b = v;
                    } else {
                        r = v; g = p; b = q;
                    }
                }
                set_pixel(im, i, j, 0, r);
                set_pixel(im, i, j, 1, g);
                set_pixel(im, i, j, 2, b);
            }
        }
    }
    
    image grayscale_image(image im)
    {
        assert(im.c == 3);
        int i, j, k;
        image gray = make_image(im.w, im.h, 1);
        float scale[] = {0.587, 0.299, 0.114};
        for(k = 0; k < im.c; ++k){
            for(j = 0; j < im.h; ++j){
                for(i = 0; i < im.w; ++i){
                    gray.data[i+im.w*j] += scale[k]*get_pixel(im, i, j, k);
                }
            }
        }
        return gray;
    }
    
    image threshold_image(image im, float thresh)
    {
        int i;
        image t = make_image(im.w, im.h, im.c);
        for(i = 0; i < im.w*im.h*im.c; ++i){
            t.data[i] = im.data[i]>thresh ? 1 : 0;
        }
        return t;
    }
    
    image blend_image(image fore, image back, float alpha)
    {
        assert(fore.w == back.w && fore.h == back.h && fore.c == back.c);
        image blend = make_image(fore.w, fore.h, fore.c);
        int i, j, k;
        for(k = 0; k < fore.c; ++k){
            for(j = 0; j < fore.h; ++j){
                for(i = 0; i < fore.w; ++i){
                    float val = alpha * get_pixel(fore, i, j, k) + 
                        (1 - alpha)* get_pixel(back, i, j, k);
                    set_pixel(blend, i, j, k, val);
                }
            }
        }
        return blend;
    }
    
    void scale_image_channel(image im, int c, float v)
    {
        int i, j;
        for(j = 0; j < im.h; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < im.w; ++i){
                float pix = get_pixel(im, i, j, c);
                pix = pix*v;
                set_pixel(im, i, j, c, pix);
            }
        }
    }
    
    void translate_image_channel(image im, int c, float v)
    {
        int i, j;
        for(j = 0; j < im.h; ++j){
            for(i = 0; i < im.w; ++i){
                float pix = get_pixel(im, i, j, c);
                pix = pix+v;
                set_pixel(im, i, j, c, pix);
            }
        }
    }
    
    image binarize_image(image im)
    {
        image c = copy_image(im);
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < im.w * im.h * im.c; ++i){
            if(c.data[i] > .5) c.data[i] = 1;
            else c.data[i] = 0;
        }
        return c;
    }
    
    void saturate_image(image im, float sat)
    {
        rgb_to_hsv(im);
        scale_image_channel(im, 1, sat);
        hsv_to_rgb(im);
        constrain_image(im);
    }
    
    void hue_image(image im, float hue)
    {
        rgb_to_hsv(im);
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < im.w*im.h; ++i){
            im.data[i] = im.data[i] + hue;
            if (im.data[i] > 1) im.data[i] -= 1;
            if (im.data[i] < 0) im.data[i] += 1;
        }
        hsv_to_rgb(im);
        constrain_image(im);
    }
    
    void exposure_image(image im, float sat)
    {
        rgb_to_hsv(im);
        scale_image_channel(im, 2, sat);
        hsv_to_rgb(im);
        constrain_image(im);
    }
    
    void distort_image(image im, float hue, float sat, float val)
    {
        rgb_to_hsv(im);
        scale_image_channel(im, 1, sat);
        scale_image_channel(im, 2, val);
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < im.w*im.h; ++i){
            im.data[i] = im.data[i] + hue;
            if (im.data[i] > 1) im.data[i] -= 1;
            if (im.data[i] < 0) im.data[i] += 1;
        }
        hsv_to_rgb(im);
        constrain_image(im);
    }
    
    void random_distort_image(image im, float hue, float saturation, float exposure)
    {
        float dhue = rand_uniform_strong(-hue, hue);
        float dsat = rand_scale(saturation);
        float dexp = rand_scale(exposure);
        distort_image(im, dhue, dsat, dexp);
    }
    
    void saturate_exposure_image(image im, float sat, float exposure)
    {
        rgb_to_hsv(im);
        scale_image_channel(im, 1, sat);
        scale_image_channel(im, 2, exposure);
        hsv_to_rgb(im);
        constrain_image(im);
    }
    
    float bilinear_interpolate(image im, float x, float y, int c)
    {
        int ix = (int) floorf(x);
        int iy = (int) floorf(y);
    
        float dx = x - ix;
        float dy = y - iy;
    
        float val = (1-dy) * (1-dx) * get_pixel_extend(im, ix, iy, c) + 
            dy     * (1-dx) * get_pixel_extend(im, ix, iy+1, c) + 
            (1-dy) *   dx   * get_pixel_extend(im, ix+1, iy, c) +
            dy     *   dx   * get_pixel_extend(im, ix+1, iy+1, c);
        return val;
    }
    
    image resize_image(image im, int w, int h)
    {
        image resized = make_image(w, h, im.c);   
        image part = make_image(w, im.h, im.c);
        int r, c, k;
        float w_scale = (float)(im.w - 1) / (w - 1);
        float h_scale = (float)(im.h - 1) / (h - 1);
        for(k = 0; k < im.c; ++k){
            for(r = 0; r < im.h; ++r){
                for(c = 0; c < w; ++c){
                    float val = 0;
                    if(c == w-1 || im.w == 1){
                        val = get_pixel(im, im.w-1, r, k);
                    } else {
                        float sx = c*w_scale;
                        int ix = (int) sx;
                        float dx = sx - ix;
                        val = (1 - dx) * get_pixel(im, ix, r, k) + dx * get_pixel(im, ix+1, r, k);
                    }
                    set_pixel(part, c, r, k, val);
                }
            }
        }
        for(k = 0; k < im.c; ++k){
            for(r = 0; r < h; ++r){
                float sy = r*h_scale;
                int iy = (int) sy;
                float dy = sy - iy;
                for(c = 0; c < w; ++c){
                    float val = (1-dy) * get_pixel(part, c, iy, k);
                    set_pixel(resized, c, r, k, val);
                }
                if(r == h-1 || im.h == 1) continue;
                for(c = 0; c < w; ++c){
                    float val = dy * get_pixel(part, c, iy+1, k);
                    add_pixel(resized, c, r, k, val);
                }
            }
        }
    
        free_image(part);
        return resized;
    }
    
    
    void test_resize(char *filename)
    {
        image im = load_image(filename, 0,0, 3);
        float mag = mag_array(im.data, im.w*im.h*im.c);
        printf("L2 Norm: %f
    ", mag);
        image gray = grayscale_image(im);
    
        image c1 = copy_image(im);
        image c2 = copy_image(im);
        image c3 = copy_image(im);
        image c4 = copy_image(im);
        distort_image(c1, .1, 1.5, 1.5);
        distort_image(c2, -.1, .66666, .66666);
        distort_image(c3, .1, 1.5, .66666);
        distort_image(c4, .1, .66666, 1.5);
    
    
        show_image(im,   "Original");
        show_image(gray, "Gray");
        show_image(c1, "C1");
        show_image(c2, "C2");
        show_image(c3, "C3");
        show_image(c4, "C4");
    #ifdef OPENCV
        while(1){
            image aug = random_augment_image(im, 0, .75, 320, 448, 320);
            show_image(aug, "aug");
            free_image(aug);
    
    
            float exposure = 1.15;
            float saturation = 1.15;
            float hue = .05;
    
            image c = copy_image(im);
    
            float dexp = rand_scale(exposure);
            float dsat = rand_scale(saturation);
            float dhue = rand_uniform(-hue, hue);
    
            distort_image(c, dhue, dsat, dexp);
            show_image(c, "rand");
            printf("%f %f %f
    ", dhue, dsat, dexp);
            free_image(c);
            cvWaitKey(0);
        }
    #endif
    }
    
    
    image load_image_stb(char *filename, int channels)
    {
        int w, h, c;
        unsigned char *data = stbi_load(filename, &w, &h, &c, channels);
        if (!data) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot load image "%s"
    STB Reason: %s
    ", filename, stbi_failure_reason());
            exit(0);
        }
        if(channels) c = channels;
        int i,j,k;
        image im = make_image(w, h, c);
        for(k = 0; k < c; ++k){
            for(j = 0; j < h; ++j){
                for(i = 0; i < w; ++i){
                    int dst_index = i + w*j + w*h*k;
                    int src_index = k + c*i + c*w*j;
                    im.data[dst_index] = (float)data[src_index]/255.;
                }
            }
        }
        free(data);
        return im;
    }
    
    image load_image(char *filename, int w, int h, int c)
    {
    #ifdef OPENCV
    
    #ifndef CV_VERSION_EPOCH
        //image out = load_image_stb(filename, c);    // OpenCV 3.x
        image out = load_image_cv(filename, c);
    #else
        image out = load_image_cv(filename, c);        // OpenCV 2.4.x
    #endif
    
    #else
        image out = load_image_stb(filename, c);    // without OpenCV
    #endif
    
        if((h && w) && (h != out.h || w != out.w)){
            image resized = resize_image(out, w, h);
            free_image(out);
            out = resized;
        }
        return out;
    }
    
    image load_image_color(char *filename, int w, int h)
    {
        return load_image(filename, w, h, 3);
    }
    
    image get_image_layer(image m, int l)
    {
        image out = make_image(m.w, m.h, 1);
        int i;
        for(i = 0; i < m.h*m.w; ++i){
            out.data[i] = m.data[i+l*m.h*m.w];
        }
        return out;
    }
    
    void print_image(image m)
    {
        int i, j, k;
        for(i =0 ; i < m.c; ++i){
            for(j =0 ; j < m.h; ++j){
                for(k = 0; k < m.w; ++k){
                    printf("%.2lf, ", m.data[i*m.h*m.w + j*m.w + k]);
                    if(k > 30) break;
                }
                printf("
    ");
                if(j > 30) break;
            }
            printf("
    ");
        }
        printf("
    ");
    }
    
    image collapse_images_vert(image *ims, int n)
    {
        int color = 1;
        int border = 1;
        int h,w,c;
        w = ims[0].w;
        h = (ims[0].h + border) * n - border;
        c = ims[0].c;
        if(c != 3 || !color){
            w = (w+border)*c - border;
            c = 1;
        }
    
        image filters = make_image(w, h, c);
        int i,j;
        for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
            int h_offset = i*(ims[0].h+border);
            image copy = copy_image(ims[i]);
            //normalize_image(copy);
            if(c == 3 && color){
                embed_image(copy, filters, 0, h_offset);
            }
            else{
                for(j = 0; j < copy.c; ++j){
                    int w_offset = j*(ims[0].w+border);
                    image layer = get_image_layer(copy, j);
                    embed_image(layer, filters, w_offset, h_offset);
                    free_image(layer);
                }
            }
            free_image(copy);
        }
        return filters;
    } 
    
    image collapse_images_horz(image *ims, int n)
    {
        int color = 1;
        int border = 1;
        int h,w,c;
        int size = ims[0].h;
        h = size;
        w = (ims[0].w + border) * n - border;
        c = ims[0].c;
        if(c != 3 || !color){
            h = (h+border)*c - border;
            c = 1;
        }
    
        image filters = make_image(w, h, c);
        int i,j;
        for(i = 0; i < n; ++i){
            int w_offset = i*(size+border);
            image copy = copy_image(ims[i]);
            //normalize_image(copy);
            if(c == 3 && color){
                embed_image(copy, filters, w_offset, 0);
            }
            else{
                for(j = 0; j < copy.c; ++j){
                    int h_offset = j*(size+border);
                    image layer = get_image_layer(copy, j);
                    embed_image(layer, filters, w_offset, h_offset);
                    free_image(layer);
                }
            }
            free_image(copy);
        }
        return filters;
    } 
    
    void show_image_normalized(image im, const char *name)
    {
        image c = copy_image(im);
        normalize_image(c);
        show_image(c, name);
        free_image(c);
    }
    
    void show_images(image *ims, int n, char *window)
    {
        image m = collapse_images_vert(ims, n);
        /*
           int w = 448;
           int h = ((float)m.h/m.w) * 448;
           if(h > 896){
           h = 896;
           w = ((float)m.w/m.h) * 896;
           }
           image sized = resize_image(m, w, h);
         */
        normalize_image(m);
        save_image(m, window);
        show_image(m, window);
        free_image(m);
    }
    
    void free_image(image m)
    {
        if(m.data){
            free(m.data);
        }
    }

    上边的代码是darknet/image.c的相关代码,我们主要在函数draw_detections_v3下进行修改,主要几处修改如下:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shierlou-123/p/11169870.html
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