1、问题描述:
Given a set of candidate numbers (C) (without duplicates) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.
The same repeated number may be chosen from C unlimited number of times.
Note:
- All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
- The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set [2, 3, 6, 7]
and target 7
,
A solution set is:
[ [7], [2, 2, 3] ]
2、边界条件:无
3、思路:先取一个数,然后与target比较;==则存贮,!=则继续从所有数里面选择。
从Level-N里面选择一个数,与目标比较,符合则存贮;不符合则再从所有数里面挨个取,从而化为同样的Level-N问题
形成递归。base case:1)与目标匹配;2)target - nums[i]<0,再减下去也是负数,这依赖于题目给的 全正数positive integers 条件
4、实现代码:
class Solution { public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) { List<List<Integer>> results = new ArrayList<>(); //Arrays.sort(candidates); combinationSum(results, new ArrayList<Integer>(), candidates, target); return results; } public void combinationSum(List<List<Integer>> results, List<Integer> cur, int[] candidates, int target) { if (0 == target) {
/** Collections.sort(cur);//这里排序会把原列表改变,所以上层在恢复现场时出错。 if (!results.contains(cur)) {//去重 results.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(cur)); }
**/
ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<Integer>(cur);//先生成新的cur,然后进行排序
Collections.sort(result); //
if (!results.contains(result)) {
results.add(result);
return;
} if (0 > target) { return; } for (int i = 0; i < candidates.length; i++) { cur.add(candidates[i]); combinationSum(results, cur, candidates, target - candidates[i]); cur.remove(cur.size() - 1); } } }
5、时间复杂度:说不好; 空间复杂度:
6、题外知识:Arraylist排序:Collections静态排序API,Collections的排序都是稳定的。Collections.sort(List<T> list)、和Collections.sort(List<T> list,Comparator<?super T> c);使用的排序是稳定的,主要是对list排序。
链接:http://blog.csdn.net/tuke_tuke/article/details/51100219 和 http://www.importnew.com/17211.html
7、优化解法
class Solution { public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) { List<List<Integer>> results = new ArrayList<>(); Arrays.sort(candidates);//排序是为了使得答案有序;如果有重复数字的情况下,可以方便去重。 combinationSum(results, new ArrayList<Integer>(), candidates, target, 0); return results; } public void combinationSum(List<List<Integer>> results, List<Integer> cur, int[] candidates, int target, int start) { if (0 == target) { results.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(cur)); return; } if (0 > target) { return; } for (int i = start; i < candidates.length; i++) { ///从start开始是因为前面的数字已经遍历过自己和后面的数字。 cur.add(candidates[i]); combinationSum(results, cur, candidates, target - candidates[i], i);// not i + 1 because we can reuse same elements cur.remove(cur.size() - 1); } } }