N: 自然数集,$N={1,2,3,...n,...}$
Z: 整数集,$Z={...,-n,...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...,n,...}$
Q: 有理数集,$Q={frac{p}{q} lvert p in Z,q in N,且p与q互质}$
R: 实数集,$R={x|-infty < x < +infty}$
$m{mathring{U}(x_0, delta)}$: $x_0$的$delta$去心邻域
$m{U(x_0,delta)}$: $x_0$的$delta$邻域
xOy面:平面直角坐标系x轴和y轴组成的平面