centos7 编译安装python3.8.5

1.安装相应的编译工具

在root用户下(不要用普通用户,麻烦),全部复制粘贴过去,一次性安装即可.

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum install -y libffi-devel zlib1g-dev
yum install zlib* -y

2.下载安装包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.5/Python-3.8.5.tar.xz

3.解压

tar -xvf  Python-3.8.5.tar.xz

4.创建编译安装目录

mkdir /usr/local/python3 

5.安装

cd Python-3.8.5

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl #第一个指定安装的路径,不指定的话,安装过程中可能软件所需要的文件复制到其他不同目录,删除软件很不方便,复制软件也不方便. #第二个可以提高python10%-20%代码运行速度. #第三个是为了安装pip需要用到ssl,后面报错会有提到. make && make install 

what-does-enable-optimizations-do-while-compiling-python

6.创建软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

7.验证是否成功

python3 -V
pip3 -V

8.报错处理

错误0:

xxx/usr/local/Python3/bin # ./python3
Fatal Python error: init_import_size: Failed to import the site module
Python runtime state: initialized
ValueError: source code string cannot contain null bytes

Current thread 0x00007f4a1c334740 (most recent call first):
<no Python frame>

系统中存在多个python版本，默认库路径、python路径不对，找到相应模块路径

PYTHONHOME：指定Python的标准库。
PYTHONPATH：用于扩充Python查找模块文件的路径。

 

这里是导入site模块时出错，所以应该在PYTHONPATH上增加site模块的路径。

/usr/local/Python3/bin # find /usr/local/Python3/ -name site.py*
/usr/local/Python3/lib/python3.8/site.py

查看确认该模块没有在以下路径：

/usr/local/Python3/bin # echo $PYTHONHOME

 /usr/local/Python3/bin # echo $PYTHONPATH
/home/share/Python-2.7/lib:/home/party/spark/python/:/home//share/Python-2.7/lib:/home/share/Python-2.7/lib/site-packages

临时执行：

PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/Python3/lib/python3.8/:$PYTHONPATH ./python3 /data/t.py

将该路劲添加到环境变量：

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/Python3/lib/python3.8/:$PYTHONPATH

错误1.

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available Makefile:1099: recipe for target 'install' failed make: *** [install] Error 1

需要安装依赖

yum -y install zlib1g-dev

错误2.

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

需要安装依赖

yum -y install libffi-devel