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  • canvas粒子系统的构建

    前面的话

      本文将从最基本的imageData对象的理论知识说开去,详细介绍canvas粒子系统的构建

    效果演示

      下面是实例效果演示,博文结尾有全部源码

    imageData

      关于图像数据imageData共有3个方法,包括getImageData()、putImageData()、createImageData()

    【getImageData()】

      2D上下文可以通过getImageData()取得原始图像数据。这个方法接收4个参数:画面区域的x和y坐标以及该区域的像素宽度和高度

      例如,要取得左上角坐标为(10,5)、大小为50*50像素的区域的图像数据,可以使用以下代码:

    var imageData = context.getImageData(10,5,50,50);

      返回的对象是ImageData的实例,每个ImageData对象有3个属性:widthheightdata

      1、width:表示imageData对角的宽度

      2、height:表示imageData对象的高度

      3、data是一个数组,保存着图像中每一个像素的数据。在data数组中,每一个像素用4个元素来保存,分别表示red、green、blue、透明度

      [注意]图像中有多少像素,data的长度就等于像素个数乘以4

    复制代码
    复制代码
    //第一个像素如下
    var data = imageData.data;
    var red = data[0];
    var green = data[1]; 
    var blue = data[2];
    var alpha = data[3];
    复制代码
    复制代码

      数组中每个元素的值是在0-255之间,能够直接访问到原始图像数据,就能够以各种方式来操作这些数据

      [注意]如果要使用getImageData()获取的canvas中包含drawImage()方法,则该方法中的URL不能跨域

    【createImageData()】

      createImageData(width,height)方法创建新的空白ImageData对象。新对象的默认像素值 transparent black,相当于rgba(0,0,0,0)

    var imgData = context.createImageData(100,100);

    【putImageData()】

      putImageData()方法将图像数据从指定的ImageData对象放回画布上,该方法共有以下参数

    复制代码
    复制代码
    imgData:要放回画布的ImageData对象(必须)
    x:imageData对象的左上角的x坐标(必须)
    y:imageData对象的左上角的y坐标(必须)
    dirtyX:在画布上放置图像的水平位置(可选)
    dirtyY:在画布上放置图像的垂直位置(可选)
    dirtyWidth:在画布上绘制图像所使用的宽度(可选)
    dirtyHeight:在画布上绘制图像所使用的高度(可选)
    复制代码
    复制代码

      [注意]参数3到7要么都没有,要么都存在

    context.putImageData(imgData,0,0);    
    context.putImageData(imgData,0,0,50,50,200,200);

    粒子写入

      粒子,指图像数据imageData中的每一个像素点。下面以一个简易实例来说明完全写入与粒子写入

    【完全写入】

      200*200的canvas1中存在文字'小火柴',并将canvas1整个作为图像数据写入同样尺寸的canvas2中

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <canvas id="drawing2" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    var drawing2 = document.getElementById('drawing2');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = drawing2.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = drawing2.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      //写入drawing2中 
      cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0);
    </script>  
    复制代码

    【粒子写入】

      对于完全写入而言,相当于只是简单的复制粘贴,如果要对每个像素点进行精细地控制,则需要使用粒子写入。canvas1中存在着大量的空白区域,只有'小火柴'这三个字的区域是有效的。于是,可以根据图像数据imageData中的透明度对粒子进行筛选,只筛选出透明度大于0的粒子

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <canvas id="drawing2" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    var drawing2 = document.getElementById('drawing2');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = drawing2.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = drawing2.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      //写入drawing2中 
      cxt2.putImageData(setData(imageData),0,0);
      function setData(imageData){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i++){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j++){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
            }
          }
        }
        //40000 2336
        console.log(i*j,dots.length);
        //新建一个imageData,并将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中
        var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H);
        for(var i = 0; i < dots.length; i++){
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+0] = imageData.data[dots[i]+0];
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+1] = imageData.data[dots[i]+1];
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+2] = imageData.data[dots[i]+2];
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+3] = imageData.data[dots[i]+3];
        }
        return oNewImage;
      }
    }
    </script>  
    复制代码

      虽然结果看上去相同,但canvas2只使用了canvas1中40000个粒子中的2336个

    粒子筛选

      当粒子完全写入时,与canvas复制粘贴的效果相同。而当粒子有所筛选时,则会出现一些奇妙的效果

    【按序筛选】

      由于取得粒子时,使用的是宽度值*高度值的双重循环,且都以加1的形式递增。如果不是加1,而是加n,则可以实现按序筛选的效果

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <canvas id="drawing2" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <div id="con">
      <button>1</button>
      <button>2</button>
      <button>3</button>
      <button>4</button>
      <button>5</button>
    </div>
    <script>
    var oCon = document.getElementById('con');
    oCon.onclick = function(e){
      e = e || event;
      var tempN = e.target.innerHTML;
      if(tempN){
        cxt2.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
        cxt2.putImageData(setData(imageData,Number(tempN)),0,0);
      }
    }
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    var drawing2 = document.getElementById('drawing2');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = drawing2.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = drawing2.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      //写入drawing2中 
      cxt2.putImageData(setData(imageData,1),0,0);
      function setData(imageData,n){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
            }
          }
        }
        //新建一个imageData,并将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中
        var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H);
        for(var i = 0; i < dots.length; i++){
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+0] = imageData.data[dots[i]+0];
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+1] = imageData.data[dots[i]+1];
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+2] = imageData.data[dots[i]+2];
          oNewImage.data[dots[i]+3] = imageData.data[dots[i]+3];
        }
        return oNewImage;
      }
    }
    </script>  
    复制代码

      点击下面的不同按钮,可以得到不同程度的粒子筛选

    【随机筛选】

      除了使用按序筛选,还可以使用随机筛选。 通过双重循环得到的粒子的位置信息,放到dots数组中。通过splice()方法进行筛选,将筛选后的位置信息放到新建的newDots数组中,然后再使用createImageData(),新建一个图像数据对象并返回

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <canvas id="drawing2" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <div id="con">
      <button>1000</button>
      <button>2000</button>
      <button>3000</button>
      <button>4000</button>
    </div>
    <script>
    var oCon = document.getElementById('con');
    oCon.onclick = function(e){
      e = e || event;
      var tempN = e.target.innerHTML;
      if(tempN){
        cxt2.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
        cxt2.putImageData(setData(imageData,1,Number(tempN)),0,0);
      }
    }
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    var drawing2 = document.getElementById('drawing2');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = drawing2.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = drawing2.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      //写入drawing2中 
      cxt2.putImageData(setData(imageData,1),0,0);
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存m个到newDots数组中。如果不传入m,则不进行筛选
        var newDots = [];
        if(m && (dots.length > m)){
          for(var i = 0; i < m; i++){
            newDots.push(Number(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)));
          }
        }else{
          newDots = dots;
        }    
        //新建一个imageData,并将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中
        var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H);
        for(var i = 0; i < newDots.length; i++){
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+0] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+0];
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+1] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+1];
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+2] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+2];
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+3] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+3];
        }
        return oNewImage;
      }
    }
    </script>  
    复制代码

      点击下面的不同按钮,可以筛选出对应数量的随机的粒子

    像素显字

      下面来使用粒子筛选来实现一个像素显字的效果。像素显字即从不清晰的效果逐步过渡到完全显示

    【按序像素显字】

      按序像素显字的实现原理非常简单,比如,共有2000个粒子,共10个程度的过渡效果。则使用10个数组,分别保存200,400,600,800,100,1200,1400,1600,1800和2000个粒子。然后使用定时器将其逐步显示出来即可

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <button id="btn">开始显字</button>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
      //获得10组粒子
      var imageDataArr = [];
      var n = 10;
      var index = 0;
      for(var i = n; i > 0; i--){
        imageDataArr.push(setData(imageData,i));
      }
      var oTimer = null;
      btn.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(oTimer);
        showData();
      }
      function showData(){
        oTimer = setTimeout(function(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          //写入drawing1中 
          cxt.putImageData(imageDataArr[index++],0,0); 
          //迭代函数       
          showData();      
          if(index == 10){
       index = 0; clearTimeout(oTimer); } },100); } function setData(imageData,n,m){ //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中 var dots = []; for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){ for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){ //data值中的红色值 var k = 4*(i + j*W); //data值中的透明度 if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){ //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中 dots.push(k); } } } //筛选粒子,仅保存m个到newDots数组中。如果不传入m,则不进行筛选 var newDots = []; if(m && (dots.length > m)){ for(var i = 0; i < m; i++){ newDots.push(Number(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1))); } }else{ newDots = dots; } //新建一个imageData,并将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中 var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H); for(var i = 0; i < newDots.length; i++){ oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+0] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+0]; oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+1] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+1]; oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+2] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+2]; oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+3] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+3]; } return oNewImage; } } </script>
    复制代码

      点击开始显字,即可出现效果

    【随机像素显字】

      随机像素显字的原理类似,保存多个不同数量的随机像素的数组即可

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <button id="btn">开始显字</button>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
      //获得10组粒子
      var imageDataArr = [];
      var n = 10;
      var index = 0;
      for(var i = n; i > 0; i--){
        imageDataArr.push(setData(imageData,1,i));
      }
      var oTimer = null;
      btn.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(oTimer);
        showData();
      }
      function showData(){
        oTimer = setTimeout(function(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          //写入drawing1中 
          cxt.putImageData(imageDataArr[index++],0,0); 
          //迭代函数       
          showData();      
          if(index == 10){
            clearTimeout(oTimer);
            index = 0;
          }      
        },100);      
      }    
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存dots.length/m个到newDots数组中
        var newDots = [];
        var len = Math.floor(dots.length/m);
        for(var i = 0; i < len; i++){
          newDots.push(Number(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)));
        }
        //新建一个imageData,并将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中
        var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H);
        for(var i = 0; i < newDots.length; i++){
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+0] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+0];
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+1] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+1];
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+2] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+2];
          oNewImage.data[newDots[i]+3] = imageData.data[newDots[i]+3];
        }
        return oNewImage;
      }
    }
    </script> 
    复制代码

    粒子动画

      粒子动画并不是粒子在做动画,而是通过getImageData()方法获得粒子的随机坐标和最终坐标后,通过fillRect()方法绘制的小方块在做运动。使用定时器,不断的绘制坐标变化的小方块,以此来产生运动的效果

    【随机位置】

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <button id="btn1">开始显字</button>
    <button id="btn2">重新混乱</button>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        //dots的索引
        var index = 0;
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
              dots[index++] = {
                'index':index,
                'x':i,
                'y':j,
                'red':k,
                'randomX':Math.random()*W,
                'randomY':Math.random()*H,
              }
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存dots.length/m个到newDots数组中
        var newDots = [];
        var len = Math.floor(dots.length/m);
        for(var i = 0; i < len; i++){
          newDots.push(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)[0]);
        }
        return newDots;
      }
      //获得粒子数组
      var dataArr = setData(imageData,1,1);
      var oTimer1 = null;
      var oTimer2 = null;
      btn1.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(oTimer1);
        showData(10);
      }  
      btn2.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(oTimer2);
        showRandom(10);
      }    
      function showData(n){
        oTimer1 = setTimeout(function(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
            var temp = dataArr[i];
            var x0 = temp.randomX;
            var y0 = temp.randomY;
            var disX = temp.x - temp.randomX;
            var disY = temp.y - temp.randomY;
            cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);  
          }   
          showData(n-1);    
          if(n === 1){
            clearTimeout(oTimer1);
          }      
        },60);  
      } 
      function showRandom(n){
        oTimer2 = setTimeout(function fn(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
            var temp = dataArr[i];
            var x0 = temp.x;
            var y0 = temp.y;
            var disX = temp.randomX - temp.x;
            var disY = temp.randomY - temp.y;
            cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);             
          }     
          showRandom(n-1);    
          if(n === 1){
            clearTimeout(oTimer2);
          }      
        },60);  
      } 
    }
    </script>  
    复制代码

    【飘入效果】 

       飘入效果与随机显字的原理相似,不再赘述

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <button id="btn1">左上角飘入</button>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        //dots的索引
        var index = 0;
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
              dots[index++] = {
                'index':index,
                'x':i,
                'y':j,
                'red':k,
                'randomX':Math.random()*W,
                'randomY':Math.random()*H,
              }
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存dots.length/m个到newDots数组中
        var newDots = [];
        var len = Math.floor(dots.length/m);
        for(var i = 0; i < len; i++){
          newDots.push(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)[0]);
        }
        return newDots;
      }
      //获得粒子数组
      var dataArr = setData(imageData,1,1);
      var oTimer1 = null;
      btn1.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(oTimer1);
        showData(10);
      }    
      function showData(n){
        oTimer1 = setTimeout(function(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
            var temp = dataArr[i];
            var x0 = 0;
            var y0 = 0;
            var disX = temp.x - 0;
            var disY = temp.y - 0;
            cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);  
          }   
          showData(n-1);    
          if(n === 1){
            clearTimeout(oTimer1);
          }      
        },60);  
      } 
    }
    </script>  
    复制代码

    鼠标交互

      一般地,粒子的鼠标交互都与isPointInPath(x,y)方法有关

    【移入变色】

      当鼠标接近粒子时,该粒子变红。实现原理很简单。鼠标移动时,通过isPointInPath(x,y)方法检测,有哪些粒子处于当前指针范围内。如果处于,绘制1像素的红色矩形即可

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        //dots的索引
        var index = 0;
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
              dots[index++] = {
                'index':index,
                'x':i,
                'y':j,
                'red':k,
                'randomX':Math.random()*W,
                'randomY':Math.random()*H,
              }
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存dots.length/m个到newDots数组中
        var newDots = [];
        var len = Math.floor(dots.length/m);
        for(var i = 0; i < len; i++){
          newDots.push(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)[0]);
        }
        return newDots;
      }
      //获得粒子数组
      var dataArr = setData(imageData,1,1);  
      //鼠标移动时,当粒子距离鼠标指针小于10时,则进行相关操作
      drawing1.onmousemove = function(e){
        e = e || event;
        var x = e.clientX - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().left;
        var y = e.clientY - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        cxt.beginPath();
        cxt.arc(x,y,10,0,Math.PI*2);
        for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
          var temp = dataArr[i];
          if(cxt.isPointInPath(temp.x,temp.y)){   
            cxt.fillStyle = 'red';
            cxt.fillRect(temp.x,temp.y,1,1);
          }        
        }   
      }
    }
    </script> 
    复制代码

      鼠标靠近文字时,可将靠近文字的区域变成红色

     【远离鼠标】

      鼠标点击时,以鼠标指针为圆心的一定范围内的粒子需要移动到该范围以外。一段时间后,粒子回到原始位置

      实现原理并不复杂,使用isPointInPath(x,y)方法即可,如果粒子处于当前路径中,则沿着鼠标指针与粒子坐标组成的直线方向,移动到路径的边缘

    复制代码
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <script>
    var drawing1 = document.getElementById('drawing1');
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 200;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200;
      var str = '小火柴';
      cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
      var sh = 60;
      cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
      var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
      if(sw > W){
          sw = W;
      }
      //渲染文字
      cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);
      //获取imageData
      var imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
      cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        //dots的索引
        var index = 0;
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
              dots[index++] = {
                'index':index,
                'x':i,
                'y':j,
                'red':k,
                'randomX':Math.random()*W,
                'randomY':Math.random()*H,
                'mark':false
              }
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存dots.length/m个到newDots数组中
        var newDots = [];
        var len = Math.floor(dots.length/m);
        for(var i = 0; i < len; i++){
          newDots.push(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)[0]);
        }
        return newDots;
      }
      //获得粒子数组
      var dataArr = setData(imageData,2,1); 
      //将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中
      var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H);
      for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
        for(var j = 0; j < 4; j++){
          oNewImage.data[dataArr[i].red+j] = imageData.data[dataArr[i].red+j];
        }
      }    
      //写入canvas中
      cxt.putImageData(oNewImage,0,0);
      //设置鼠标检测半径为r
      var r = 20;
      //鼠标移动时,当粒子距离鼠标指针小于20时,则进行相关操作
      drawing1.onmousedown = function(e){
        e = e || event;
        var x = e.clientX - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().left;
        var y = e.clientY - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        cxt.beginPath();
        cxt.arc(x,y,r,0,Math.PI*2);
        for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
          var temp = dataArr[i];
          if(cxt.isPointInPath(temp.x,temp.y)){  
            temp.mark = true;
            var angle = Math.atan2((temp.y - y),(temp.x - x));
            temp.endX =  x - r*Math.cos(angle);
            temp.endY =  y - r*Math.sin(angle);
            var disX = temp.x - temp.endX;
            var disY = temp.y - temp.endY;
            cxt.fillStyle = '#fff';
            cxt.fillRect(temp.x,temp.y,1,1);
            cxt.fillStyle = '#000';
            cxt.fillRect(temp.endX,temp.endY,1,1);  
            dataRecovery(10);
          }else{
            temp.mark = false;
          }     
        }
        var oTimer = null;
        function dataRecovery(n){
          clearTimeout(oTimer);
          oTimer = setTimeout(function(){
            cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
            for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
              var temp = dataArr[i];
              if(temp.mark){
                var x0 = temp.endX;
                var y0 = temp.endY;
                var disX = temp.x - x0;
                var disY = temp.y - y0;
                cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);  
              }else{
                cxt.fillRect(temp.x,temp.y,1,1);
              }
            }   
            dataRecovery(n-1);    
            if(n === 1){
              clearTimeout(oTimer);
            }      
          },17);
        } 
      }  
    }
    </script>  
    复制代码

      使用鼠标点击canvas中的文字,出现效果

    综合实例

      下面将上面的效果制作为一个可编辑的综合实例

    复制代码
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <title>Document</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <canvas id="drawing1" style="border:1px solid black"></canvas>
    <br>
    <div style="margin-bottom:10px">
      <span>粒子设置:</span>
      <input type="text" id="textValue" value="小火柴的蓝色理想">  
      <button id="btnSetText">文字设置确认</button>
      <button id="btnchoose2">按序筛选</button>
      <button id="btnchoose3">随机筛选</button>
      <button id="btnchoose1">不筛选</button>  
    </div>
    <div style="margin-bottom:10px">
      <span>粒子效果:</span>
      <button id="btn1">按序显字</button>
      <button id="btn2">随机显字</button>  
      <button id="btn3">混乱聚合</button>
      <button id="btn4">重新混乱</button>
    </div>
    <div>
      <span>鼠标效果:</span>
      <span>1、鼠标移到文字上时,文字颜色变红;</span>
      <span>2、鼠标在文字上点击时,粒子远离鼠标指针</span>
    </div>
    <script>
    if(drawing1.getContext){
      var cxt = drawing1.getContext('2d');
      var W = drawing1.width = 300;
      var H = drawing1.height = 200; 
      var imageData;
      var dataArr;
      btnSetText.onclick = function(){
        fnSetText(textValue.value);
      }  
      function fnSetText(str){
        cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
        cxt.textBaseline = 'top';
        var sh = 60;
        cxt.font = sh + 'px  宋体'
        var sw = cxt.measureText(str).width;
        if(sw > W){
            sw = W;
        }
        cxt.fillText(str,(W - sw)/2,(H - sh)/2,W);  
        imageData = cxt.getImageData(0,0,W,H); 
        dataArr = setData(imageData,1,1); 
      }
      fnSetText('小火柴');
      btnchoose1.onclick = function(){
        dataArr = setData(imageData,1,1);
        saveData(dataArr);  
      }
      btnchoose2.onclick = function(){
        dataArr = setData(imageData,2,1);
        saveData(dataArr); 
      }
      btnchoose3.onclick = function(){
        dataArr = setData(imageData,1,2);
        saveData(dataArr); 
      }    
      //筛选粒子
      function setData(imageData,n,m){
        //从imageData对象中取得粒子,并存储到dots数组中
        var dots = [];
        //dots的索引
        var index = 0;
        for(var i = 0; i < W; i+=n){
          for(var j = 0; j < H ;j+=n){
            //data值中的红色值
            var k = 4*(i + j*W);
            //data值中的透明度
            if(imageData.data[k+3] > 0){
              //将透明度大于0的data中的红色值保存到dots数组中
              dots.push(k);
              dots[index++] = {
                'index':index,
                'x':i,
                'y':j,
                'red':k,
                'green':k+1,
                'blue':k+2,
                'randomX':Math.random()*W,
                'randomY':Math.random()*H,
                'mark':false
              }
            }
          }
        }    
        //筛选粒子,仅保存dots.length/m个到newDots数组中
        var newDots = [];
        var len = Math.floor(dots.length/m);
        for(var i = 0; i < len; i++){
          newDots.push(dots.splice(Math.floor(Math.random()*dots.length),1)[0]);
        }
        return newDots;
      }
      function saveData(dataArr){
        //将筛选后的粒子信息保存到新建的imageData中
        var oNewImage = cxt.createImageData(W,H);
        for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
          for(var j = 0; j < 4; j++){
            oNewImage.data[dataArr[i].red+j] = imageData.data[dataArr[i].red+j];
          }
        }
        //写入canvas中
        cxt.putImageData(oNewImage,0,0);       
      }
      //显示粒子
      function showData(arr,oTimer,index,n){
        oTimer = setTimeout(function(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          //写入canvas中 
          saveData(arr[index++]); 
          if(index == n){
            clearTimeout(oTimer);
          }else{
            //迭代函数       
            showData(arr,oTimer,index,n);           
          }                     
        },60);      
      }   
      //重新混乱
      function showDataToRandom(dataArr,oTimer,n){
        oTimer = setTimeout(function fn(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
            var temp = dataArr[i];
            var x0 = temp.x;
            var y0 = temp.y;
            var disX = temp.randomX - temp.x;
            var disY = temp.randomY - temp.y;
            cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);             
          } 
          n--;
          if(n === 0){
            clearTimeout(oTimer);
          }else{
            showDataToRandom(dataArr,oTimer,n); 
          }             
        },60);  
      } 
      //混乱聚合
      function showRandomToData(dataArr,oTimer,n){
        oTimer = setTimeout(function(){
          cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
          for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
            var temp = dataArr[i];
            var x0 = temp.randomX;
            var y0 = temp.randomY;
            var disX = temp.x - temp.randomX;
            var disY = temp.y - temp.randomY;
            cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);  
          }   
          n--;
          if(n === 0){
            clearTimeout(oTimer);
          }else{
            showRandomToData(dataArr,oTimer,n); 
          }      
        },60);  
      }
      btn1.onclick = function(){
        btn1.arr = [];
        for(var i = 10; i > 1; i--){
          btn1.arr.push(setData(imageData,i,1));
        }
        showData(btn1.arr,btn1.oTimer,0,9);
      }
      btn2.onclick = function(){
        btn2.arr = [];
        for(var i = 10; i > 0; i--){
          btn2.arr.push(setData(imageData,2,i));
        }
        showData(btn2.arr,btn2.oTimer,0,10);
      }   
      btn3.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(btn3.oTimer);
        showRandomToData(dataArr,btn3.oTimer,10);
      }
      btn4.onclick = function(){
        clearTimeout(btn4.oTimer);
        showDataToRandom(dataArr,btn4.oTimer,10);
      }  
      //鼠标移动
      drawing1.onmousemove = function(e){
        e = e || event;
        var x = e.clientX - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().left;
        var y = e.clientY - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        cxt.beginPath();
        cxt.arc(x,y,10,0,Math.PI*2);
        for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
          var temp = dataArr[i];
          if(cxt.isPointInPath(temp.x,temp.y)){   
            cxt.fillStyle = 'red';
            cxt.fillRect(temp.x,temp.y,1,1);
          }        
        }
        cxt.fillStyle = 'black';   
      }    
      //鼠标点击
      drawing1.onmousedown = function(e){
        var r = 20;
        e = e || event;
        var x = e.clientX - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().left;
        var y = e.clientY - drawing1.getBoundingClientRect().top;
        cxt.beginPath();
        cxt.arc(x,y,r,0,Math.PI*2);
        for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
          var temp = dataArr[i];
          if(cxt.isPointInPath(temp.x,temp.y)){  
            temp.mark = true;
            var angle = Math.atan2((temp.y - y),(temp.x - x));
            temp.endX =  x - r*Math.cos(angle);
            temp.endY =  y - r*Math.sin(angle);
            var disX = temp.x - temp.endX;
            var disY = temp.y - temp.endY;
            cxt.fillStyle = '#fff';
            cxt.fillRect(temp.x,temp.y,1,1);
            cxt.fillStyle = '#f00';
            cxt.fillRect(temp.endX,temp.endY,1,1);  
            cxt.fillStyle="#000";
            dataRecovery(10);
          }else{
            temp.mark = false;
          }     
        }
        var oTimer = null;
        function dataRecovery(n){
          clearTimeout(oTimer);
          oTimer = setTimeout(function(){
            cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
            for(var i = 0; i < dataArr.length; i++){
              var temp = dataArr[i];
              if(temp.mark){
                var x0 = temp.endX;
                var y0 = temp.endY;
                var disX = temp.x - x0;
                var disY = temp.y - y0;
                cxt.fillRect(x0 + disX/n,y0 + disY/n,1,1);  
              }else{
                cxt.fillRect(temp.x,temp.y,1,1);
              }
            }   
            dataRecovery(n-1);    
            if(n === 1){
              clearTimeout(oTimer);
            }      
          },17);
        } 
      }  
    }
    </script> 
    </body>
    </html>
    复制代码
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shitaotao/p/7624622.html
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