Description
给定一棵树,树上节点有点权、边有边权,求出一个点ans,使得cost最小,其中$cost=sumlimits_{i=1}^{n}{val[i]*dis(ans, i)}$
Solution
树形dp
依旧是通过两次dfs解决
核心思想还是“二次扫描与换根法”(名词出自lyd《算法竞赛进阶指南》)
我们假定1为根并且第一遍dfs求出当ans位于1时的代价dis
显然存在$dis[i]=sumlimits_{jin son(i)}{dis[j]+len(i,j)*tot[j]}$,其中tot[j]表示以j为根的子树中的节点的点权之和
那么我们再进行一遍dfs实现“换根”
假设当前节点为i,并且i的父亲已经正确计算,我们记ans位于其父亲时的代价为$f[fa]$,那么我们考虑怎样通过$f[fa]$求出$f[i]$
$f[fa]$包括两部分:以i为根的子树的代价和其余部分。那么我们先将$f[fa]$减去i为根的子树的代价,然后加上i为根的子树走到i的代价,再加上剩余部分走到i的代价即可
详细实现见代码。
时间复杂度为$O(n)$
Code
1 #include <bits/stdc++.h> 2 using namespace std; 3 typedef long long ll; 4 const int maxn = 100010; 5 inline int read() { 6 int ret = 0, op = 1; 7 char c = getchar(); 8 while (!isdigit(c)) { 9 if (c == '-') op = -1; 10 c = getchar(); 11 } 12 while (isdigit(c)) { 13 ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 14 c = getchar(); 15 } 16 return ret * op; 17 } 18 struct node { 19 int nxt, to, dis; 20 } a[maxn << 1]; 21 int num, head[maxn], n, val[maxn]; 22 ll tot[maxn], dis[maxn], f[maxn]; 23 ll sum; 24 inline void add(int from, int to, int dis) { 25 a[++num].nxt = head[from]; 26 a[num].to = to; 27 a[num].dis = dis; 28 head[from] = num; 29 } 30 ll dfs(int now, int fa) { 31 for (register int i = head[now]; i; i = a[i].nxt) { 32 int to = a[i].to; 33 if (to == fa) continue ; 34 ll ret = dfs(to, now); 35 dis[now] += dis[to] + a[i].dis * ret; 36 tot[now] += ret; 37 } 38 return tot[now] = tot[now] + val[now]; 39 } 40 void dp(int now, int fa) { 41 for (register int i = head[now]; i; i = a[i].nxt) { 42 int to = a[i].to; 43 if (to == fa) continue ; 44 f[to] = (f[now] - (dis[to] + a[i].dis * tot[to])) + (a[i].dis * (sum - tot[to])) + dis[to]; 45 dp(to, now); 46 } 47 } 48 int main() { 49 n = read(); 50 for (register int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) val[i] = read(), sum += val[i]; 51 for (register int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { 52 int x = read(), y = read(), z = read(); 53 add(x, y, z); add(y, x, z); 54 } 55 dfs(1, 1); 56 f[1] = dis[1]; 57 dp(1, 1); 58 ll ans = 9223372036854775806ll; 59 for (register int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) ans = min(ans, f[i]); 60 printf("%lld ", ans); 61 return 0; 62 }