http://blog.csdn.net/aerchi/article/details/39396423
ip段/数字,如192.168.0.1/24是什么意思?
ip段/数字,如192.168.0.1/24是什么意思?
首先来了解一下二进制的转换知识：
二进制数转换成十进制数 二进制的1101转化成十进制
1101（2）=1*2^0+0*2^1+1*2^2+1*2^3=1+0+4+8=13
转化成十进制要从右到左用二进制的每个数去乘以2的相应次方
不过次方要从0开始
相反 用十进制的13除以2 每除一下将余数就记在旁边
最后按余数从下向上排列就可得到1101
十进制转二进制：
用2辗转相除至结果为1
将余数和最后的1从下向上倒序写 就是结果
例如302
302/2 = 151 余0
151/2 = 75 余1
75/2 = 37 余1
37/2 = 18 余1
18/2 = 9 余0
9/2 = 4 余1
4/2 = 2 余0
2/2 = 1 余0
1/2 = 0 余1
故二进制为100101110
子网掩码的前缀表示法！ 11111111 11111111 1111111 00000000 24个1组成 转成成十进制等于 255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 1111111 11111100 30个1组成 转成成十进制等于 255.255.255.252
我们租用服务器/vps的时候，买多个IP地址，机房总是发一个类似 10.0.0.1/29 或 10.0.0.1/28 或 10.0.0.1/30 或 10.0.0.1/27 的地址给我们，对于不熟悉网络的人来说，真的莫名其妙。到底有哪些可用的IP？ 网关,子网掩码，广播地址是什么？
为了方便大家，本文章提供了 可用IP查询，ip段/27 /29 /30 网关,子网掩码，广播地址查询
可用IP查询,IP段对应表
| IP总数 | 子网掩码 | C段个数 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| /30 | 4 | 255.255.255.252 | 1/64 |
| /29 | 8 | 255.255.255.248 | 1/32 |
| /28 | 16 | 255.255.255.240 | 1/16 |
| /27 | 32 | 255.255.255.224 | 1/8 |
| /26 | 64 | 255.255.255.192 | 1/4 |
| /24 | 256 | 255.255.255.0 | 1 |
| /23 | 512 | 255.255.254.0 | 2 |
| /22 | 1024 | 255.255.252.0 | 4 |
| /21 | 2048 | 255.255.248.0 | 8 |
| /20 | 4096 | 255.255.240.0 | 16 |
| /19 | 8192 | 255.255.224.0 | 32 |
| /18 | 16384 | 255.255.192.0 | 64 |
| /17 | 32768 | 255.255.128.0 | 128 |
| /16 | 65536 | 255.255.0.0 | 256 |
ip段/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30
网关,子网掩码，广播地址查询
范例： 要查询204.45.116.184/29，先找到下表的 /29 表格，网关 这一列找到要查询的IP最后一位即.184，然后就可以看到可用IP范围（注:第一个IP是Gateway网关地址）和广播地址了。然后从上面的表找到 子网掩码即可。
/25 — 2 Subnets — 126 Hosts/Subnet
|
/24 –1 Subnets – 254 Hosts/Subnet 代表一整个C段 |
| 网络地址 | 可用IP范围 | 广播地址 |
|---|---|---|
| .0 | .1-.254 | .255 |
/30 — 64 Subnets — 2 Hosts/Subnet
| 网络地址 | 可用IP范围 | 广播地址 |
|---|---|---|
| .0 | .1-.2 | .3 |
| .4 | .5-.6 | .7 |
| .8 | .9-.10 | .11 |
| .12 | .13-.14 | .15 |
| .16 | .17-.18 | .19 |
| .20 | .21-.22 | .23 |
| .24 | .25-.26 | .27 |
| .28 | .29-.30 | .31 |
| .32 | .33-.34 | .35 |
| .36 | .37-.38 | .39 |
| .40 | .41-.42 | .43 |
| .44 | .45-.46 | .47 |
| .48 | .49-.50 | .51 |
| .52 | .53-.54 | .55 |
| .56 | .57-.58 | .59 |
| .60 | .61-.62 | .63 |
| .64 | .65-.66 | .67 |
| .68 | .69-.70 | .71 |
| .72 | .73-.74 | .75 |
| .76 | .77-.78 | .79 |
| .80 | .81-.82 | .83 |
| .84 | .85-.86 | .87 |
| .88 | .89-.90 | .91 |
| .92 | .93-.94 | .95 |
| .96 | .97-.98 | .99 |
| .100 | .101-.102 | .103 |
| .104 | .105-.106 | .107 |
| .108 | .109-.110 | .111 |
| .112 | .113-.114 | .115 |
| .116 | .117-.118 | .119 |
| .120 | .121-.122 | .123 |
| .124 | .125-.126 | .127 |
| .128 | .129-.130 | .131 |
| .132 | .133-.134 | .135 |
| .136 | .137-.138 | .139 |
| .140 | .141-.142 | .143 |
| .144 | .145-.146 | .147 |
| .148 | .149-.150 | .151 |
| .152 | .153-.154 | .155 |
| .156 | .157-.158 | .159 |
| .160 | .161-.162 | .163 |
| .164 | .165-.166 | .167 |
| .168 | .169-.170 | .171 |
| .172 | .173-.174 | .175 |
| .176 | .177-.178 | .179 |
| .180 | .181-.182 | .183 |
| .184 | .185-.186 | .187 |
| .188 | .189-.190 | .191 |
| .192 | .193-.194 | .195 |
| .196 | .197-.198 | .199 |
| .200 | .201-.202 | .203 |
| .204 | .205-.206 | .207 |
| .208 | .209-.210 | .211 |
| .212 | .213-.214 | .215 |
| .216 | .217-.218 | .219 |
| .220 | .221-.222 | .223 |
| .224 | .225-.226 | .227 |
| .228 | .229-.230 | .231 |
| .232 | .233-.234 | .235 |
| .236 | .237-.238 | .239 |
| .240 | .241-.242 | .243 |
| .244 | .245-.246 | .247 |
| .248 | .249-.250 | .251 |
| .252 | .253-.254 | .255 |
/26 — 4 Subnets — 62 Hosts/Subnet
| 网络地址 | 可用IP范围 | 广播地址 |
|---|---|---|
| .0 | .1-.62 | .63 |
| .64 | .65-.126 | .127 |
| .128 | .129-.190 | .191 |
| .192 | .193-.254 | .255 |
/27 — 8 Subnets — 30 Hosts/Subnet
| 网络地址 | 可用IP范围 | 广播地址 |
|---|---|---|
| .0 | .1-.30 | .31 |
| .32 | .33-.62 | .63 |
| .64 | .65-.94 | .95 |
| .96 | .97-.126 | .127 |
| .128 | .129-.158 | .159 |
| .160 | .161-.190 | .191 |
| .192 | .193-.222 | .223 |
| .224 | .225-.254 | .255 |
/28 — 16 Subnets — 14 Hosts/Subnet
| 网络地址 | 可用IP范围 | 广播地址 |
|---|---|---|
| .0 | .1-.14 | .15 |
| .16 | .17-.30 | .31 |
| .32 | .33-.46 | .47 |
| .48 | .49-.62 | .63 |
| .64 | .65-.78 | .79 |
| .80 | .81-.94 | .95 |
| .96 | .97-.110 | .111 |
| .112 | .113-.126 | .127 |
| .128 | .129-.142 | .143 |
| .144 | .145-.158 | .159 |
| .160 | .161-.174 | .175 |
| .176 | .177-.190 | .191 |
| .192 | .193-.206 | .207 |
| .208 | .209-.222 | .223 |
| .224 | .225-.238 | .239 |
| .240 | .241-.254 | .255 |
/29 — 32 Subnets — 6 Hosts/Subnet
| 网络地址 | 可用IP范围 | 广播地址 |
|---|---|---|
| .0 | .1-.6 | .7 |
| .8 | .9-.14 | .15 |
| .16 | .17-.22 | .23 |
| .24 | .25-.30 | .31 |
| .32 | .33-.38 | .39 |
| .40 | .41-.46 | .47 |
| .48 | .49-.54 | .55 |
| .56 | .57-.62 | .63 |
| .64 | .65-.70 | .71 |
| .72 | .73-.78 | .79 |
| .80 | .81-.86 | .87 |
| .88 | .89-.94 | .95 |
| .96 | .97-.102 | .103 |
| .104 | .105-.110 | .111 |
| .112 | .113-.118 | .119 |
| .120 | .121-.126 | .127 |
| .128 | .129-.134 | .135 |
| .136 | .137-.142 | .143 |
| .144 | .145-.150 | .151 |
| .152 | .153-.158 | .159 |
| .160 | .161-.166 | .167 |
| .168 | .169-.174 | .175 |
| .176 | .177-.182 | .183 |
| .184 | .185-.190 | .191 |
| .192 | .193-.198 | .199 |
| .200 | .201-.206 | .207 |
| .208 | .209-.214 | .215 |
| .216 | .217-.222 | .223 |
| .224 | .225-.230 | .231 |
| .232 | .233-.238 | .239 |
| .240 | .241-.246 | .247 |
| .248 | .249-.254 | .255 |