Django学习笔记之admin后台管理系统

管理站点

创建一个管理员用户

python manage.py createsuperuser，按提示输入用户名、邮箱、密码

启动服务器，通过“127.0.0.1:8000/admin”访问，输入上面创建的用户名、密码完成登录

进入管理站点，默认可以对groups、users进行管理

管理界面本地化

编辑settings.py文件，设置编码、时区

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

向admin注册模型

#----------admin.py---------
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Department,Student,Course

admin.site.register(Department)
admin.site.register(Student)
admin.site.register(Course)

刷新管理页面，可以对数据表中数据进行增删改查操作

自定义管理页面

Django提供了admin.ModelAdmin类

通过定义ModelAdmin的子类，来定义模型在Admin界面的显示方式

列表页属性

list_display：显示字段，可以点击列头进行排序

list_filter：过滤字段，过滤框会出现在右侧

search_fields：搜索字段，搜索框会出现在上侧

list_per_page：分页，分页框会出现在下侧

添加、修改页属性

fields：属性的先后顺序

fieldsets：属性分组

注意：上面两个属性，二者选一。

例子

#-----models.py------
class Department(models.Model):
    d_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    d_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Department<d_id=%s,d_name=%s>'%(
            self.d_id,self.d_name
        )

class Student(models.Model):
    s_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    s_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    department = models.ForeignKey('Department')
    course = models.ManyToManyField('Course')
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Student<s_id=%s,s_name=%s>'%(
            self.s_id,self.s_name
        )


class Course(models.Model):
    c_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    c_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Course<c_id=%s,c_name=%s>'%(
            self.c_id,self.c_name
        )

# -----------admin.py--------
from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from .models import Department,Student,Course

class DepartmentAdimin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['d_id','d_name']   # 显示字段
    list_display_links = ['d_id','d_name']  # 点击可以直接进入修改页面
    list_filter = ['d_id']    # 过滤字段
    search_fields = ['d_name']   # 搜索字段

class StudentAdimin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['s_id','s_name']
    list_display_links = ['s_id','s_name']
    # fields = ['s_name','course','department']
    fieldsets = [   # 属性分组
        ('第一组',{'fields':['s_name']}),
        ('第二组',{'fields':['department','course']})
    ]

class CourseAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['c_id','c_name']
    list_display_links = ['c_id','c_name']
    list_per_page = 5   # 分页，此处5条数据为一页

admin.site.register(Department,DepartmentAdimin) # 注册
admin.site.register(Student,StudentAdimin)
admin.site.register(Course,CourseAdmin)