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  • 微服务环境搭建

    前言:最近在学习关于微服务方面的相关内容,所以写点自己的实际项目搭建经验记录一下,顺带希望能帮助到喜欢这个方面的朋友吧!

    准备工作:
    IDE:推荐使用STS,如使用eclipse或者IDEA出现maven引入报错,请参照报错,补全缺失包即可!
    项目源码地址:https://github.com/ksuth/MicroService.git
    如果没有github账号请先注册~~具体使用方式请参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/shuyuq/p/9243915.html
    实在不会就留个邮箱吧~看到了我会发的~~
     
    接下来我们进入正题:
    (一)简单的服务消费项目:
    1.构建一个简单的spring-boot项目:
    方式1:使用spring官网构建:https://start.spring.io

    保存到本地后,解压缩导入。
    方式二:使用STS构建:直接new个spring-start项目即可。
    2.修改pom.xml文件:
    <groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-ordinary-order-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-ordinary-order-service</name>
    <description>传统的订单服务实例</description>
    <!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
    <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath />
    </parent>

    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 引入spring-boot的maven插件 -->
    <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    3.新增OrderInfo实体类:
    @Entity
    public class OrderInfo {

    //订单ID
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    //订单号
    @Column
    private String orderNo;
    //订单备注
    @Column
    private String orderRemark;

    public Long getId() {
    return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
    }
    public String getOrderNo() {
    return orderNo;
    }
    public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
    this.orderNo = orderNo;
    }
    public String getOrderRemark() {
    return orderRemark;
    }
    public void setOrderRemark(String orderRemark) {
    this.orderRemark = orderRemark;
    }


    }
    4.添加Service层接口:
    @Repository
    public interface OrderService extends JpaRepository<OrderInfo, Long> {


    }
    5.添加web层入口:
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping("findOrderById/{id}")
    public OrderInfo findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    return orderService.findOne(id);
    }
    }
    6.在resource中添加如下配置文件:
    • application.yml
    server:
    port: 8000
    spring:
    jpa:
    generate-ddl: false
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
    ddl-auto: none
    datasource: # 指定数据源
    platform: h2 # 指定数据源类型
    schema: classpath:order_schema.sql # 指定h2数据库的建表脚本
    data: classpath:order_data.sql # 指定h2数据库的数据脚本
    logging: # 配置日志级别,让hibernate打印出执行的SQL
    level:
    root: INFO
    org.hibernate: INFO
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE
    • order_data.sql
    insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (1, '20171111111111', '张三的订单', );
    insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (2, '20172222222222', '李四的订单', );
    insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (3, '20173333333333', '王五的订单', );
    • order_schema.sql
    drop table order_Info if exists;
    create table order_Info (id bigint generated by default as identity, order_No varchar(50), order_Remark varchar(100), primary key (id));
    实现上述操作后可看到项目代码结构如下:
    7.启动项目:执行项目中main方法
    8.检查结果:
    看到这个结果表明服务建立成功。
    接下来我们要建立一个简单的消费服务来消费刚才所建立的项目!
     
    1.构建简单的spring-boot项目(方法不再赘述)
    2.修改pom.xml文件:
    <groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-ordinary-user-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-ordinary-user-service</name>
    <description>传统的用户服务实例,做为消费者使用</description>

    <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> 
    </parent>

    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>


    </dependencies>

    <!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
    <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    3.新建实体类:
    @Entity
    public class OrderInfo {

    //订单ID
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
    //订单号
    @Column
    private String orderNo;
    //订单备注
    @Column
    private String orderRemark;


    public Long getId() {
    return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
    }
    public String getOrderNo() {
    return orderNo;
    }
    public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
    this.orderNo = orderNo;
    }
    public String getOrderRemark() {
    return orderRemark;
    }
    public void setOrderRemark(String orderRemark) {
    this.orderRemark = orderRemark;
    }


    }
    4.新建web层消费接口:
    @RestController
    public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @GetMapping("/user/findOrderById/{id}")
    public OrderInfo findOrderById(@PathVariable Long id){ 
    return (OrderInfo) restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8000/findOrderById/"+id, OrderInfo.class).getBody();
    }
    }
    5.在resource下新增配置文件:
    application.yml:
    server:
    port: 8010
    完成后项目结构如下:
    此时启动项目访问如下路径:http://localhost:8010//user/findOrderById/2
    如实现上图结果表示消费服务建立成功!
    总结:此时我们可以看到,我们成功的在springcloud-ordinary-user-service项目中去使用了springcloud-ordinary-order-service的接口,得到了我们想要的结果!这个就是微服务项目的起点~当然这是最简单的一个,只是让我们理解服务于消费是怎么样的关系,不能运用于实际工作!接下来我们继续!
     
    在之前两项目的基础之上,我们现在需要加上微服务的核心:注册于发现!
    让我们先来写一个注册服务:
    项目名称:springcloud-eureka-server
    1.新建spring-boot项目
    2.修改pom.xml文件:
    <groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-eureka-server</name>
    <description>服务注册与发现</description>
    <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath />
    </parent>

    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 引入Spring Cloud Eureka依赖 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>Camden.SR6</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
    <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    3.在入口处添加如下注解:
    @EnableEurekaServer
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
    }
    4.添加application.yml配置文件:
    server:
    port: 8761 # 指定该Eureka实例的端口,默认为8761
    eureka:
    client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
    defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    5.项目结构(参照之前的不再列举)
    6.启动项目,访问如下地址:http://localhost:8761/
    可以看到我们这个简单的注册服务功能就实现了~
    既然已经有了注册中心,下一步我们肯定就是对刚才已经写好的两个项目进行改造,将服务注册到注册中心上去!
     
    (二)基于注册中心的服务消费项目:
    项目名称:springcloud-order-service
    构建项目参照上述内容,需修改内容如下:
    1.pom.xml

    <groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-order-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-order-service</name>
    <description>订单服务实例</description>
    <!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
    <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath />
    </parent>
    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入Spring Cloud Eureka 客服端依赖 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>Camden.SR6</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <!-- 引入spring-boot的maven插件 -->
    <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    2.启动服务入口处注解添加:
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringcloudOrdinaryOrderServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudOrdinaryOrderServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
    }
    3.application.yml
    server:
    port: 8020
    spring:
    application:
    name: springcloud-order-service 
    jpa: 
    generate-ddl: false
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
    ddl-auto: none
    datasource: # 指定数据源
    platform: h2 # 指定数据源类型
    schema: classpath:order_schema.sql # 指定h2数据库的建表脚本
    data: classpath:order_data.sql # 指定h2数据库的数据脚本
    logging: # 配置日志级别,让hibernate打印出执行的SQL
    level:
    root: INFO
    org.hibernate: INFO
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

    eureka:
    client:
    serviceUrl: 
    defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    修改完成后结构如下:
    启动服务前,请保证我们之前写的注册中心服务为启动状态!此时我们可以在注册中心看到:
    这表示我们新的服务注册成功了!
    同样的,我们可以将之前的消费服务注册到注册中心!项目改造如下:
    项目名称:springcloud-user-service
    项目修改:
    1.pom.xml
    <groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-user-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>springcloud-user-service</name>
    <description>传统的用户服务实例,做为消费者使用</description>

    <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> 
    </parent>

    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 引入Spring Cloud eureka 客服端依赖 -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 引入SpringCloud 依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>Camden.SR6</version>
    <type>pom</type>
    <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
    <build>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
    </plugins>
    </build>
    2.web入口方式修改:
    @RestController
    public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private EurekaClient discoveryClient;

    public String serviceUrl() {
    InstanceInfo instance = discoveryClient.getNextServerFromEureka("SPRINGCLOUD-ORDER-SERVICE", false);
    return instance.getHomePageUrl();
    }

    @GetMapping("/user/findOrderById/{id}")
    public OrderInfo findOrderById(@PathVariable Long id){ 
    return (OrderInfo) restTemplate.getForEntity(this.serviceUrl()+"/findOrderById/"+id, OrderInfo.class).getBody();
    }
    }
    3.添加注解:
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringcloudOrdinaryUserServiceApplication {

    @Bean
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudOrdinaryUserServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
    }
    4.application.yml
    server:
    port: 8030 #设置端口号
    spring:
    application:
    name: springcloud-user-service
    eureka: 
    client: 
    service-url:
    defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    项目代码结构与之前类似
    完成上述改造后我们可以启动服务,检查注册中心如下:
    此时我们可以看到之前的两个服务都已经纳入到注册中心!
    我们访问消费服务:http://localhost:8030//user/findOrderById/3
     
    尾声:
    关于一个简单的微服务项目搭建就给大家介绍到这里。GitHub中给出了基于权限验证的项目代码,如果对这一块感兴趣的朋友不妨可以参考下~最后对于微服务项目的高可用做个简单的介绍,我们一般的实现方式为通过启动两个注册中心,相互注册,实现服务的相互同步来达到高可用的目的~如果有更好的方式欢迎提出来一起探讨~
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/shuyuq/p/9340986.html
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