架构师养成记--3.synchronized细节问题

一、synchronized有锁重入的特点，某个线程得到对象的锁后，再次请求此对象可以再次得到改对象的锁。如下示例，在method1中调用method2，在method2中调用method3，而method1、method2和method3都是加了synchronized关键字的。

/**
 * synchronized的重入
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class SyncDubbo1 {

    public synchronized void method1(){
        System.out.println("method1..");
        method2();
    }
    public synchronized void method2(){
        System.out.println("method2..");
        method3();
    }
    public synchronized void method3(){
        System.out.println("method3..");
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final SyncDubbo1 sd = new SyncDubbo1();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                sd.method1();
            }
        });
        t1.start();
    }
}

二、父类和子类的方法都是synchronized的，在子类的方法中调用父类的方法，也是线程安全的。

/**
 * synchronized的重入
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class SyncDubbo2 {

    static class Main {
        public int i = 10;
        public synchronized void operationSup(){
            try {
                i--;
                System.out.println("Main print i = " + i);
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class Sub extends Main {
        public synchronized void operationSub(){
            try {
                while(i > 0) {
                    i--;
                    System.out.println("Sub print i = " + i);
                    Thread.sleep(100);        
                    this.operationSup();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Sub sub = new Sub();
                sub.operationSub();
            }
        });
        
        t1.start();
    }
    
    
}

执行结果：

 

三、synchronized方法内抛异常怎么处理

　　throw RuntimeException打断此线程或者记录日志然后continue，选择哪种方案取决于具体业务要求。

/**
 * synchronized异常
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class SyncException {

    private int i = 0;
    public synchronized void operation(){
        while(true){
            try {
                i++;
                Thread.sleep(100);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , i = " + i);
                if(i == 20){
                    //Integer.parseInt("a");
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        final SyncException se = new SyncException();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                se.operation();
            }
        },"t1");
        t1.start();
    }
    
    
}

 四、synchronized代码块锁，实用起来也会比较灵活

　　this、class、Object都可以用来作为代码块锁

/**
 * 使用synchronized代码块加锁,比较灵活
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class ObjectLock {

    public void method1(){
        synchronized (this) {    //对象锁
            try {
                System.out.println("do method1..");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public void method2(){        //类锁
        synchronized (ObjectLock.class) {
            try {
                System.out.println("do method2..");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    private Object lock = new Object();
    public void method3(){        //任何对象锁
        synchronized (lock) {
            try {
                System.out.println("do method3..");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        final ObjectLock objLock = new ObjectLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                objLock.method1();
            }
        });
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                objLock.method2();
            }
        });
        Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                objLock.method3();
            }
        });
        
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
        
        
    }
    
}

五、尽量不要用String常量作为锁

如下代码只会有t1线程运行，但可以new一个String对象。

/**
 * synchronized代码块对字符串的锁，注意String常量池的缓存功能
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class StringLock {

    public void method() {
        //new String("字符串常量")
        synchronized ("字符串常量") {
            try {
                while(true){
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);        
                    System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "结束");
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final StringLock stringLock = new StringLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                stringLock.method();
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                stringLock.method();
            }
        },"t2");
        
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

六、一个对象被用作锁时，这个对象内的属性发生变化不会影响锁的使用。

/**
 * 同一对象属性的修改不会影响锁的情况
 * @author alienware
 *
 */
public class ModifyLock {
    
    private String name ;
    private int age ;
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public synchronized void changeAttributte(String name, int age) {
        try {
            System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始");
            this.setName(name);
            this.setAge(age);
            
            System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 修改对象内容为： " 
                    + this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge());
            
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("当前线程 : "  + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final ModifyLock modifyLock = new ModifyLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                modifyLock.changeAttributte("张三", 20);
            }
        },"t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                modifyLock.changeAttributte("李四", 21);
            }
        },"t2");
        
        t1.start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        t2.start();
    }
    
}