python自动化运维记录

解释器

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

基础学习脚本

+加号拼接

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import getpass

name = input("Please input your name")
pwd = getpass.getpass("please input your passwd")
print("My name is" + name, "and passwd is" + pwd)

输出

# chmod +x study1.py
# pytohon study1.py
Please input your namehuang
please input your passwd
My name ishuang and passwd is123

逗号 空格分割：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import getpass

name = input("Please input your name")
pwd = getpass.getpass("please input your passwd")
print("My name is", name, "and passwd is", pwd)

输出:

# python study1.py 
Please input your namehuang
please input your passwd
My name is huang and passwd is 123

格式化输出：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

name = input("please input your name: ")
age = input("please input your age: ")
job = input("please input your job: ")

msg = '''
# 默认字符串形式输出%s
Information of %s 
-----------------
Name: %s
Age: %s
Job: %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)

print(msg)

输出：

# python study2.py 
please input your name: huang
please input your age: 12
please input your job: engineer

Information of huang
-----------------
Name: huang
Age: 12
Job: engineer

python3中格式化输出默认接收的都是字符串，如果是数字则需要另外强制转化为init（）转化为数字类型

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

name = input("please input your name: ")
age = input("please input your age: ")
job = input("please input your job: ")

msg = '''
Information of %s
-----------------
Name: %s
Age: %d
Job: %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)

print(msg)

运行：

please input your name: 1
please input your age: 12
please input your job: 12
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "study2.py", line 14, in <module>
    ''' %(name,name,age,job)
TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str

报错原因： age没有转化格式为数字，导致执行代码时报错，init()转化了则不会报错

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

name = input("please input your name: ")
age = input("please input your age: ")
age = int(age)
job = input("please input your job: ")

msg = '''
Information of %s
-----------------
Name: %s
Age: %d
Job: %s
''' %(name,name,age,job)

print(msg)

运行：

# python study2.py 
please input your name: huang
please input your age: 12
please input your job: student

Information of huang
-----------------
Name: huang
Age: 12
Job: student

模块

sys

sys.argv 从外部向程序内部传递参数

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

import sys

print(sys.argv)
print(sys.argv[0])
print(sys.argv[2])

运行：[获取执行脚本时带上的参数被获取到]

# python module_test1.py  hello world
['module_test1.py', 'hello', 'world']
module_test1.py
world

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys

for i in range(len(sys.argv)):
  print('argv{0}: type is {1}, value is {2}'.format(i, type(sys.argv[i]), sys.argv[i]))

# python sys_argv.py 1 2 s 

argv0: type is <class 'str'>, value is sys_argv.py
argv1: type is <class 'str'>, value is 1
argv2: type is <class 'str'>, value is 2
argv3: type is <class 'str'>, value is s

循环

while 循环

eg1

[1:] 意义：遍历，去掉列表中的第一个元素(下表为0)，去后面的元素进行操作

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
url = "lannister.poizon.com"
while url:
  print(url)
  url = url[1:]

运行：

lannister.poizon.com
annister.poizon.com
nnister.poizon.com
nister.poizon.com
ister.poizon.com
ster.poizon.com
ter.poizon.com
er.poizon.com
r.poizon.com
.poizon.com
poizon.com
oizon.com
izon.com
zon.com
on.com
n.com
.com
com
om
m

eg2

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

x = 0;y = 10
while x < 10:
  print(x)
  x += 1

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

[:-1]：遍历，去掉列表中的最后一个元素，去前面一个的元素进行操作

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
url = 'lannister.poizon.com'
while url:
  print(url)
  url = url[:-1]
else:
  print('game over')

运行：

lannister.poizon.com
lannister.poizon.co
lannister.poizon.c
lannister.poizon.
lannister.poizon
lannister.poizo
lannister.poiz
lannister.poi
lannister.po
lannister.p
lannister.
lannister
lanniste
lannist
lannis
lanni
lann
lan
la
l
game over

函数

pop函数

使用： 用于一处列表中的一个元素，默认最后一个元素，并且返回该元素值
pop(0) 删除第一个元素

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
count = 0
while list:
  print(list[0])
  list.pop()

list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
count = 0
while list2:
  print(list[0])
  list.pop(0)

运行：

# part 1:
1
1
1
1
1
# part 2:
1
2
3
4
5

场景练习脚本：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

import getpass

name = 'sihye'
pwd = '123456'
count = 0

while True:
  if count < 3:
    print('please enter your name and passwd ')
    username = input('username: ')
    passwd = getpass.getpass('passwd: ')
    if username == name and passwd == pwd:
      print('welcome come back')
      break;
    else:
      print('wrong')
  else:
    print('you have already failed 3 times...logging out...')
    break;
  count += 1 

运行：

# python user_login.py 
please enter your name and passwd 
username: sihye
passwd: 
wrong
please enter your name and passwd 
username: sihye
passwd: 
wrong
please enter your name and passwd 
username: sihye
passwd: 
welcome come back

场景二：猜年龄游戏

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

age = 8
count = 0
for i in range(20):
  if count < 3:
    a = int(input("age: "))
    if a == age:
      print('success')
      break
    elif a < age:
      print('smaller~')
    else:
      print('bigger~')
  else:
    b = input('continue? ')
    if b == 'yes':
      count = 0
      continue
    else:
      print('see u next time')
      break
  count += 1

运行：

# python guess_age.py 
age: 1
smaller~
age: 2
smaller~
age: 1
smaller~
continue? no
see u next time
# python guess_age.py 
age: 8
success

运维场景脚本

新创脚本时可自动生成python解释器

# 在用户的家目录下创建'.vimrc'文件
# root用户
# ---------
# vim　~/.vimrc
function HeaderPython()

call setline(1, "#!/usr/bin/env python")

call append(1, "#-*- coding:utf8 -*-")

normal G

normal o

normal o

endf

autocmd bufnewfile *.py call HeaderPython()

保存退出即可，之后创建.py文件就会自动生成解释器

输出某个目录下所有子目录下的文件，并输出绝对路径

方法一：用OS库

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

import os
for root,dirs,files in os.walk('/server/scripts'):
  for name in files:
    print(os.path.join(root,name))

方法二：用pathlib

path.rglob()相当于 os.walk,可添加筛选条件

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server')
for p in path.rglob("*.py"):
  print(str(p))

pathlib库

引用：

from pathlib import Path
p = Path()
p.name 获取文件名，包含所有目录名和文件名
p.parent 获取每个文件的目录名称，一直到最后一层目录都输出，有几个文件就会输出几次
p.parents 会输出每一个子目录，返回一个iterable

场景：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server/scripts/python')
for p in path.rglob("*"):
  p.parents
  for i in p.parents:
    print(i)
运行：
server/scripts/python
/server/scripts
/server
/
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts
/server
/
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts
/server
/

场景二：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server/scripts/python')
for p in path.rglob("*"):
  print(p.parent)
运行：
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts

场景三：判断文件是否存在

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server')
path = Path(path,'scripts') # 字符串拼接，也就是后面检验的是/server/scripts是否存在
print(path.exists())  #判断文件是否存在
print(path.is_file()) #判断是否是文件
print(path.is_dir()) #判断是否是目录

运行：

# python find_file.py 
True
False
True

场景四：遍历文件夹

path.iterdir（）： 相当域os.listdir，
path.glob('*')， 相当于os.listdir， 可添加条件
path.rglob('*'),相当于 os.walk , 可添加筛选条件

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server/scripts')
for p in path.glob("*ell"):
  print(p)
print('------------------')
for n in path.iterdir():
  print(n)
print('------------------')
for i in path.rglob("*.py"):
  print(i)
print('------------------')

运行：

# python find_file.py 
/server/scripts/shell
------------------
/server/scripts/python
/server/scripts/shell
------------------
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/while_test2.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/guess_age.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/user_login.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/name_test2.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/sys_argv.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/while_test.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/sys_os.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/while_test3.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/name_test1.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/stdout.py
/server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts/module_test1.py
/server/scripts/python/ops_base_scripts/find_file.py
/server/scripts/python/ops_base_scripts/dic_list.py
------------------

场景五：创建文件夹

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path
# 第一种方式：前提是tmp文件夹必须存在，否则会报错。
path = Path(r'/server/tmp/python') 
path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
# 第二种方式：若是tmp文件不存在会递归创建文件夹。
path = Path(r'/server/tmp/python')
path.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)

场景五： 获取文件的详细信息

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server/scripts/python')

print(path.stat())
print(path.stat().st_size)
print(path.stat().st_ctime)

运行：

场景六： 查看某个目录下有几个匹配类型文件

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

path = Path(r'/server/scripts')
for p in path.rglob('*.py'):
  print(p.parent)

运行：

# python review.py | sort -rn | uniq -c
     13 /server/scripts/python/study_base_scripts
      4 /server/scripts/python/ops_base_scripts

方法