.NET自动化测试手记（2） 实例：点击计算器按钮

这篇文章主要介绍通过.NET结合Win32 API来实现点击计算器上一个按钮的操作。

假设已经有一个“计算器”程序在运行，操作步骤如下：

　　1. 添加程序集引用: WindowsBase, UIAutomationClient 和 UIAutomationTypes

　　

　　2. 引用命名空间：　　

using System.Windows;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;    //调用Win32 API
using System.Windows.Automation;         //使用.NET Automation类

　　3. 声明对Win32 API的引用

        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(int handler);                 //将对应句柄的窗口在屏幕最前端显示并激活


        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        public static extern void mouse_event(MouseEventFlag flags, int dx, int dy, uint data, UIntPtr extraInfo);  //这里将实现鼠标的模拟操作

        [Flags]
        public enum MouseEventFlag : uint
        {
            Move = 0x0001,
            LeftDown = 0x0002,
            LeftUp = 0x0004,
            RightDown = 0x0008,
            RightUp = 0x0010,
            MiddleDown = 0x0020,
            MiddleUp = 0x040,
            XDown = 0x0080,
            XUp = 0x0100,
            Wheel = 0x0800,
            VirtualDesk = 0x4000,
            Absolute = 0x8000
        }

　　4. 查找Title为“Calculator”的窗体

　　　　AutomationElement desk = AutomationElement.RootElement;
　　　　AutomationElement eleWindow = GetWindowByName(desk, "Calculator");

　　　　　public static AutomationElement GetWindowByName(AutomationElement parent, string name)  
        {  
            if (parent == null)  
            {  
                throw new Exception("Parent element is null!");  
            }  
  
            PropertyCondition nameProperty = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, name);  
            PropertyCondition typeProperty = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Window);  
            AndCondition andCondition = new AndCondition(nameProperty, typeProperty);  
  
            return parent.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants | TreeScope.Element, andCondition);
        }

　　5. 获取窗体中对应的Button(例如“3”)

AutomationElement eleButton = FindControlInWindow(eleWindow, "3");

        public static AutomationElement FindControlInWindow(AutomationElement window, string name)
        {
            if (window==null)
            {
                throw new Exception("Target window is null!");
            }

            PropertyCondition nameProperty = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.NameProperty, name);
            PropertyCondition typeProperty = new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Button);
            AndCondition andCondition = new AndCondition(nameProperty, typeProperty);

            return window.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants | TreeScope.Element, andCondition);
        }

　　6. 点击Button

            InvokePattern buttonClick = (InvokePattern)eleButton.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);
            buttonClick.Invoke();

到这里，一个简单的点击计算器的操作就完成了，结果如下图：

当然，还可以通过Win32 API来实现一些可视化的操作，比如

　　1. 在获得窗体之后可以将窗体激活并显示在屏幕最前面

        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(int handler);                 //将对应句柄的窗口在屏幕最前端显示并激活

　　　　SetForegroundWindow(eleWindow.Current.NativeWindowHandle);

　　2. 实现鼠标的移动和点击

        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        public static extern void mouse_event(MouseEventFlag flags, int dx, int dy, uint data, UIntPtr extraInfo);  //这里将实现鼠标的模拟操作

        [Flags]
        public enum MouseEventFlag : uint
        {
            Move = 0x0001,
            LeftDown = 0x0002,
            LeftUp = 0x0004,
            RightDown = 0x0008,
            RightUp = 0x0010,
            MiddleDown = 0x0020,
            MiddleUp = 0x040,
            XDown = 0x0080,
            XUp = 0x0100,
            Wheel = 0x0800,
            VirtualDesk = 0x4000,
            Absolute = 0x8000
        }

　　　　Cursor.Position = new System.Drawing.Point((int)eleButton.Current.BoundingRectangle.Left+(int)eleButton.Current.BoundingRectangle.Size.Width/2, (int)eleButton.Current.BoundingRectangle.Top+(int)eleButton.Current.BoundingRectangle.Size.Height/2);
　　　　mouse_event(MouseEventFlag.LeftDown | MouseEventFlag.LeftUp, 0, 0, 0, UIntPtr.Zero);

 

好了，到这里要介绍的内容就已经说完了。但是还有一些操作始终解决不了：

1. 使用Win32获得“计算器”里面数字按钮的句柄

2. 使用.NET类来模拟鼠标的操作（不调用Win32）

如果有哪位朋友有这两个问题的解决方案，希望能够指点一下...