一.路由汇总
import Vue from 'vue' import Router from 'vue-router' import PageFirst from './views/PageFirst' import PageSecond from './views/PageSecond' import Course from './views/Course' import CourseDetail from './views/CourseDetail' Vue.use(Router); export default new Router({ mode: 'history', // 组件更换模拟页面转跳形成浏览器历史记录 base: process.env.BASE_URL, routes: [ // 路由就是 url路径 与 vue组件 的映射关系 // 映射出的组件会替换 根组件 中的 router-view 标签 // 通过 router-link 标签完成 url路径 的切换 { path: '/page-first', name: 'page-first', component: PageFirst }, { path: '/page/first', redirect:{'name':'page-first'} }, { path: '/page-second', name: 'page-second', component: PageSecond }, { path: '/course', name: 'course', component: Course }, { // path: '/course/detail/:pk', // 第一种路由传参 path: '/course/detail', // 第二、三种路由传参 name: 'course-detail', component: CourseDetail }, ] })
二.课程详情页面组件CourseDetail.vue通过点击CourseCard.vue中内容获取id渲染
let id = this.$route.params.pk || this.$route.query.pk;
( $route.params 数据包方式向后台发送,或者有名分组 $route.query 路由路径拼接)
<template> <div class="course-detail"> <h1>详情页</h1> <hr> <div class="detail"> <div class="header" :style="{background: course_ctx.bgColor}"></div> <div class="body"> <div class="left">{{ course_ctx.title }}</div> <div class="right">{{ course_ctx.ctx }}</div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "CourseDetail", data() { return { course_ctx: '', val: '', } }, created() { // 需求:获取课程主页传递过来的课程id,通过课程id拿到该课程的详细信息 // 这是模拟后台的假数据 - 后期要换成从后台请求真数据 let detail_list = [ { id: 1, bgColor: 'red', title: 'Python基础', ctx: 'Python从入门到入土!' }, { id: 3, bgColor: 'blue', title: 'Django入土', ctx: '扶我起来,我还能战!' }, { id: 8, bgColor: 'yellow', title: 'MySQL删库高级', ctx: '九九八十二种删库跑路姿势!' }, ]; // let id = 1; // this.$route是专门管理路由数据的,下面的方式是不管哪种传参方式,都可以接收 let id = this.$route.params.pk || this.$route.query.pk; for (let dic of detail_list) { if (dic.id == id) { this.course_ctx = dic; break; } } } } </script> <style scoped> h1 { text-align: center; } .detail { 80%; margin: 20px auto; } .header { height: 150px; } .body:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .left, .right { float: left; 50%; font: bold 40px/150px 'Arial'; text-align: center; } .left { background-color: aqua } .right { background-color: aquamarine } .edit { 80%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } .edit input { 260px; height: 40px; font-size: 30px; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 20px; } .edit button { 80px; height: 46px; vertical-align: top; } </style>
三.CourseCard.vue中的跳转
首先,CourseCard中的数据是组件父传子传进来的,也就是从Course中拿到的(需要导入,注册,渲染)
Course.vue:
<template> <div class="course"> <Nav></Nav> <h1>课程主页</h1> <CourseCard :card="card" v-for="card in card_list" :key="card.tytle"></CourseCard> </div> </template> <script> import Nav from '@/components/Nav' import CourseCard from '@/components/CourseCard' export default { name: "Course", data() { return { card_list: [] } }, components: { Nav, CourseCard }, created() { let cards = [ { id: 1, bgColor: 'red', title: 'Python基础' }, { id: 3, bgColor: 'blue', title: 'Django入土' }, { id: 8, bgColor: 'yellow', title: 'MySQL删库高级' }, ]; this.card_list = cards; } } </script> <style scoped> h1 { text-align: center; background-color: brown; } </style>
CourseCard.vue逻辑跳转(通过go可实现前后跳转):
<template> <div class="course-card"> <div class="left" :style="{background: card.bgColor}"></div> <div class="right" @click="goto_detail">{{ card.title }}</div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "CourseCard", props: ['card'], methods: { goto_detail() { // 注:在跳转之前可以完成其他一些相关的业务逻辑,再去跳转 let id = this.card.id; // 实现逻辑跳转 // 第一种 this.$router.push(`/course/detail/${id}`); // 第二种 this.$router.push({ 'name': 'course-detail', params: {pk: id} }); // 第三种 this.$router.push({ 'name': 'course-detail', query: {pk: id} }); // 在当前页面时,有前历史记录与后历史记录 // go(-1)表示返回上一页 // go(2)表示去向下两页 // this.$router.go(-1) } } } </script> <style scoped> .course-card { margin: 10px 0 10px; } .course-card div { float: left; } .course-card:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .left { 50%; height: 120px; background-color: blue; } .right { 50%; height: 120px; background-color: tan; font: bold 30px/120px 'STSong'; text-align: center; } </style>
CourseCard.vue链接跳转:
<template> <div class="course-card"> <div class="left" :style="{background: card.bgColor}"></div> <!-- 链接跳转 --> <!--第一种 --> <!--<router-link :to="`/course/detail/${card.id}`" class="right">{{ card.title }}</router-link>--> <!--第二种 --> <!--<router-link :to="{--> <!--name: 'course-detail',--> <!--params: {pk: card.id},--> <!--}" class="right">{{ card.title }}</router-link>--> <!--第三种 --> <!--<router-link :to="{--> <!--name: 'course-detail',--> <!--query: {pk: card.id}--> <!--}" class="right">{{ card.title }}</router-link>--> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "CourseCard", props: ['card'], } </script> <style scoped> .course-card { margin: 10px 0 10px; } .left, .right { float: left; } .course-card:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .left { 50%; height: 120px; background-color: blue; } .right { 50%; height: 120px; background-color: tan; font: bold 30px/120px 'STSong'; text-align: center; } </style>
链接转调演变体:
""" { path: '/course/:pk/:name/detail', name: 'course-detail', component: CourseDetail } <router-link :to="`/course/${card.id}/${card.title}/detail`">详情页</router-link> let id = this.$route.params.pk let title = this.$route.params.name """
四.vuex仓库
vuex仓库是vue全局的数据仓库,好比一个单例,在任何组件中通过this.$store来共享这个仓库中的数据,完成跨组件间的信息交互。
vuex仓库中的数据,会在浏览器刷新后重置
store.js:
import Vue from 'vue' import Vuex from 'vuex' Vue.use(Vuex); export default new Vuex.Store({ state: { // 设置任何组件都能访问的共享数据 course_page: '' }, mutations: { // 通过外界的新值来修改仓库中共享数据的值 updateCoursePage(state, new_value) { console.log(state); console.log(new_value); state.course_page = new_value; } }, actions: {} })
// 获取 let course_page = this.$store.state.course_page // 直接修改 this.$store.state.course_page = '新值' // 方法修改 this.$store.commit('updateCoursePage', '新值');
案例:
course.vue:
data() { return { card_list: [], course_page: this.$store.state.course_page || '课程主页' // course_page: sessionStorage.course_page || '课程主页' } },
coursedetail.vue
methods:{ editAction(){ if (this.val){ console.log(this.val) // sessionStorage.course_page=this.val // this.$store.state.course_page=this.val this.$store.commit('updateCoursePage', this.val); this.$router.push('/course') // this.$router.go(-1) } }
五.后台发送数据
url.py:
url(r'^course/detail/(?P<pk>.*)/', views.course_detail),
views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.http import JsonResponse detail_list = [ { 'id': 1, 'bgColor': 'red', "title": "Python基础", 'ctx': 'Python从入门到入土!' }, { 'id': 3, 'bgColor': 'blue', 'title': 'Django入土', 'ctx': '扶我起来,我还能战!' }, { 'id': 8, 'bgColor': 'yellow', 'title': 'MySQL删库高级', 'ctx': '九九八十二种删库跑路姿势!' }, ] # Create your views here. def course_detail(request,pk): data = {} for detail in detail_list: if detail['id'] == int(pk): data = detail break return JsonResponse(data,json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii':False})
npm install axios --save
// 配置axios,完成ajax请求 import axios from 'axios' Vue.prototype.$axios = axios;
created() { // 组件创建成功的钩子函数 // 拿到要访问课程详情的课程id let id = this.$route.params.pk || this.$route.query.pk || 1; this.$axios({ url: `http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/detail/${id}/`, // 后台接口 method: 'get', // 请求方式 }).then(response => { // 请求成功 console.log('请求成功'); console.log(response.data); this.course_ctx = response.data; // 将后台数据赋值给前台变量完成页面渲染 }).catch(error => { // 请求失败 console.log('请求失败'); console.log(error); }) }
后台服务器默认只为自己的程序提供数据,其它程序来获取数据,都可能跨域问题(同源策略)
一个运行在服务上的程序,包含:协议、ip 和 端口,所以有一个成员不相同都是跨域问题
出现跨域问题,浏览器会抛 CORS 错误
pip install django-cors-headers
# 注册app INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'corsheaders' ] # 添加中间件 MIDDLEWARE = [ ... 'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware' ] # 允许跨域源 CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = False # 设置白名单 CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = [ # 本机建议就配置127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1不等于localhost 'http://127.0.0.1:8080', 'http://localhost:8080', ]
cnpm install vue-cookie --save
// 配置cookie import cookie from 'vue-cookie' Vue.prototype.$axios = cookie;
使用:
created() { console.log('组件创建成功'); let token = 'asd1d5.0o9utrf7.12jjkht'; // 设置cookie默认过期时间单位是1d(1天) this.$cookie.set('token', token, 1); }, mounted() { console.log('组件渲染成功'); let token = this.$cookie.get('token'); console.log(token); }, destroyed() { console.log('组件销毁成功'); this.$cookie.delete('token') }
九.
cnpm i element-ui -S
// 配置element-ui import ElementUI from 'element-ui'; import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'; Vue.use(ElementUI);
<template> <div class="e-ui"> <Nav></Nav> <h1>element-ui</h1> <hr> <el-row :gutter="10"> <el-col :span="6"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> <el-col :span="6"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> <el-col :span="10" :offset="2"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> </el-row> <el-container> <el-main> <el-row :gutter="10"> <el-col :sm="18" :md="12" :lg="6"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> <el-col :sm="6" :md="12" :lg="18"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> </el-row> </el-main> </el-container> <el-row> <i class="el-icon-platform-eleme"></i> <el-button type="primary" @click="alertAction1">信息框</el-button> <el-button type="success" @click="alertAction2">弹出框</el-button> </el-row> </div> </template> <script> import Nav from '@/components/Nav' export default { name: "EUI", components: { Nav }, methods: { alertAction1() { this.$message({ type: 'success', message: 'message信息', }) }, alertAction2() { this.$alert('内容...', '标题') }, } } </script> <style scoped> .e-ui { 100%; height: 800px; background: pink; } h1 { text-align: center; } .grid-content { height: 40px; background-color: brown; margin-bottom: 10px; } i { font-size: 30px; } </style>